...Shukri mohamed Abuukar Health and social care level 3 group A Unit3 health, safety and security in health and social care P4 explain possible priorities and responses when dealing with two particular incidents or emergencies in a health or social care setting. This assignment will look at incidents and emergencies that can happen in a health and social care setting. Within my assignment I will be explaining possible priorities and responses when dealing with two incidents or emergencies in a health and social care setting. I will be discussing health, safety or security concerns that may arise from the incident or emergency. Then I will be discussing how I would respond to them. Scenario one: The first incident took place in a nursery. A child is running around in the classroom and bumps into a book shelf which drops onto him. One of the supervisors sees the child and picks the shelf up and sees to the child. The supervisor sees that the child has a deep wound to his forehead and blood is gushing out. Also the child complains that he cannot move his arm. The supervisors priority is to make sure all the other children are away from the area and should call for assistance. An ambulance should be called by one of the free supervisors and also the parent or guardian should be informed. The parent/guardian should be made aware of what has happened and should know what hospital the child is being taken to. As the child is complaining that they cannot move there arm...
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...LESSON 3 Theory At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to develop skills and knowledge to: PERFORM ADULT CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) • Recognise the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. • Recognise the importance of the chain of survival concept. FIRST AID (SILVER) LESSON 3 For Official RCY use only firstaid.rcy@gmail.com 1 MANAGE SHOCK • Recognise the different types of shock. • Recognise the signs and symptoms and how to give first aid. • Recognise and manage different types of bleeding MANAGE BLEEDING • Recognise and manage different types of wounds. MANAGE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WOUNDS • Recognise and manage special types of wounds – embedded foreign body 2 For RCY use only LESSON 3 Practical At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to: • Demonstrate the correct skills of adult one man CPR. • Apply the correct methods of bandaging for wounds. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM LESSON 3 Brachial artery Femoral artery For RCY use only 3 For RCY use only 4 Structure THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM LESSON 3 THE HEART LESSON 3 Blood vessels • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries Blood Volume: 4-6 Litres of blood circulate around the body. The functions, pump: • Deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation. • Oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. For RCY use only 5 For RCY use only 6 LESSON 3 The Heart’s Position in Relation to CPR The Pulse This is the pressure wave along...
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...Bleeding Bleeding refers to the loss of blood. Bleeding can happen inside the body (internally) or outside the body (externally). It may occur: • Inside the body when blood leaks from blood vessels or organs • Outside the body when blood flows through a natural opening (such as the vagina, mouth, or rectum) • Outside the body when blood moves through a break in the skin Considerations Always seek emergency assistance for severe bleeding, and if internal bleeding is suspected. Internal bleeding can rapidly become life threatening, and immediate medical care is needed. Serious injuries don't always bleed heavily, and some relatively minor injuries (for example, scalp wounds) can bleed quite a lot. People who take blood-thinning medication or who have a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia may bleed excessively and quickly because their blood does not clot properly. Bleeding in such people requires immediate medical attention. Direct pressure will stop most external bleeding, and is the most important first aid step. Always wash your hands before (if possible) and after giving first aid to someone who is bleeding, in order to avoid infection. Try to use latex gloves when treating someone who is bleeding. Latex gloves should be in every first aid kit. People allergic to latex can use a non-latex, synthetic glove. You can catch viral hepatitis if you touch infected blood, and HIV can be spread if infected blood gets into an open wound -- even a small one. ...
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...Dengue Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion—Changa Kurukularatne et al When Less is More: Can We Abandon Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion in Dengue Fever? Changa Kurukularatne,1,2MD, Frederico Dimatatac,1,2MD, Diana LT Teo,3MBBS, MSc, FRCPath, David C Lye,1,2,4 MBBS, FRACP, FAMS, Yee Sin Leo,1,2,5 M.Med (Int Med), FRCP, FAMS Abstract Dengue fever (DF) has several hematological manifestations including thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding risk. Prophylactic platelet transfusion—in the absence of major bleeding—is utilized in DF with thrombocytopenia with the intention of preventing hemorrhagic complications. However, prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF is neither standardized nor supported by clinical evidence. We conclude that risks, costs and poor resource utilization associated with prophylactic platelet transfusion in DF far outweigh any potential hematological benefit, and as such, should not constitute routine clinical practice. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2011;40:539-45 Key words: Thrombocytopenia, Preventitive, Arbovirus, Bleeding, Hemorrhage Introduction Dengue fever (DF) is the most common mosquito-borne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyper-endemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century.1 With an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk and a global annual incidence of 50 million cases, DF has been identified as an example of a potential international public health emergency.2 In understanding the unique...
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...Ebola The 2014 Ebola was the largest epidemic virus in history, causing a colossal damage in the human body prolonging them to death. The notoriously deadly virus cause fearsome symptoms, the most prominent being high fever and massive internal bleeding. Ebola virus kills as many as 90 % of the people it infects. It is one of the viruses that is capable of causing hemorrhagic (bloody) fever. Ebola spreads through direct contact with bodily fluids. A cough from a sick person could infect someone who has been sprayed with saliva. This is why the virus has often been spread through the families and friends of infected persons: in the course of feeding, holding, or otherwise caring for them, family members and friends would come into close contact with such secretions. The Ebola virus infects by entering a host cell and realizing a small piece of RNA. The RNA hijacks the machinery of the cell and uses it to create more copies of the Ebola virus, which turn into another cells. Specialist at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta have also found that the virus is present on patient’s skin after symptoms develop. Underlining how contagious the disease in once symptoms set in. In effect, Symptoms usually begin about eight to 10 days after exposure to the virus, but can appear as late as 21 days after exposure, according to the C.D.C (center for disease control). At first, it seems much like a flu: a headache, fever and aches and pains. Sometimes there...
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...-Number of shots heart; type of gun used; position of pt when shot; distance of the pt from the gun. History should be gathered from the pt, available eye-witnesses, and emergency medical service providers Does the patient have intra or extraperitoneal bleeding that requires surgical intervention? Does the patient have peritoneal contamination requiring washout and repair of a hollow viscus? Penetrating injuries with any hemodynamic instability and/or signs of intraperitoneal injury are treated operatively at the outset of management -GSWs most often injure the small bowel followed by the colon and liver Clinical thinking Does the patient have an adequate airway, and ability to protect it? Is the patient breathing? Is oxygenation and ventilation adequate? A GSW in the abdomen may penetrate the diaphragm and cause a significant thoracic injury -Does that patient have adequate blood volume and perfusion? How does the patient respond to resuscitation, does the pt take beta blockers that may mask an appropriate tachycardia? -evaluate the pts ability to follow commands and respond appropriately. Is neurological disability a central phenomenon from shock, or is there a direct spinal cord injury? The patient must always be adequately exposed to evaluate all injuries, don’t over look the axial, back, gluteal cleft, and perineum. Patients with penetrating abdominal injuries are best served by antibiotic therapy prior to operative intervention. Initial therapy should be broad...
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...that seems harmless enough: "And if no more than only you and I / What care you or I?" By his statement, he seems content or resolved that only the two of them remain important—but with regard to what: their place in the universe? their private love? or their fear of the future? The volta, or "turn," at the beginning of the line colors the tone of his question, apparently confirming his suspicion that their love has limitations and exists in isolation, rather than his asking something for which he seeks an answer. Besides isolation, his statement also suggests loneliness and negativity. Our suspicions that we should interpret his question in this manner become confirmed by the last two lines in the poem’s more objective reprise, "The bleeding to death of time in slow heart beats." That their hearts beat slowly appears to indicate that passion has been dulled, or perhaps that it goes absent or spent. Reflection dominates...
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...TOM The deceased was white male, 178ch in height and was discovered by his wife lying face down in a paddock in front of the gate to one of his dog pens. The deceased had been missing for a few hours after he had left his place of residence to go feed his greyhounds on his property. He was found with his right arm bent with his palm down beneath his face and his feet and legs were together. The clothing and surrounding area appeared undisturbed. Two plastic buckets, one containing dog food, were present on the ground near his head. In order to open the gate to the dog pen a latch 45cm above the ground had to be opened. This would require the opener to bend over putting himself in close proximity to gaps which were seen on either side of the gate that were of sufficient size to admit the head of a greyhound up to its shoulders. Autopsy The body was clothed in normal everyday clothing which appeared undisturbed. There were major injuries present on the throat which consisted of a 21 x 20 cm area of superficial abrasions and intradermal bruising over most of the throat, seen here in figure 1. This series of injuries included: bruising and abrasion seen over the right point of the jaw as well as below, to the left and lateral to the laryngeal prominence. Abrasions were seen just beneath the chin in the midline and some superficial almost vertical abrasions to the right of the larynx. Here some underlying bruising was present too. As well as abrasions there were a few areas...
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...flowed as she cried, it seeped through her skin and down her arm. As the blood dribbled down it outlined the aging scars, that gave her skin a light tint of red. She bit her lip and cut another line into her pale wrist, right on top of a blue vein, just to find relief from her everyday problems and pain. But, this time she cut too deep, she tried to find too much relief. Blood spewed from her fresh open wound onto her, her clothes, and into the tub. She sat there watching herself bleed, telling herself she deserved this. Thoughts ran through her mind, who is going to find her? Will anyone even miss her or notice she is gone? Probably not Ashley was just another nobody that no one ever noticed. She tried to get up and stop the overflow of bleeding, but it was too late she had watched the blood trickle out of her arm for too long. She stood up light headed, she stepped out of the bathtub grabbed a towel and stumbled into her room. As she applied pressure to the giant gash that she had created, she knew she wasn't going to make it. She messed...
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...SOAP Subjective: This is a 3 year old male who was brought in by his mother due to nosebleeds for 2 days. Mother reports nosebleeds was on and off for 2 days. She reports moderate amounts of blood is produced each time. She reports this as the first time it has ever occurred. She reports the father and one daughter has problems with nosebleeds but denies any bruises noted. She denies any family hx of bleeding. She reports hx of allergies herself. She denies any bruising or other bleeding problems. She denies any nasal obstruction or allergy to medications or food. Denies fever, difficulty breathing, trauma, hoarseness, or dysphagia. She reports her son has a cold, runny nose, stuffiness, and sneezing for 3 days. She reports the child frequently rubs the nose. Reports nasal discharge to be clear and thin. Health promotion: Covers nose when sneezing. Objective: Lungs clear. Temp 97.4. Nasal mucosa red, with clear, thin discharge, and mild bleeding noted. No swelling, foreign body, no external lesions. Able to smell pop corn and perfume. Mouth: Mucous membranes moist, no lesions. Tongue moist, normal size, no fasciculation, does not deviate on extension. Teeth present. Throat: Mucosa pink, no exudates. Uvula midline. Tonsils present. Gag reflex present. Assessment: Ineffective breathing pattern r/t Plan: Refer to Primary Care Provider. Encourage increase in fluid intake. Avoid OTC cough, cold medicines, and aspirin. Avoid people with infection. Avoid cold environments...
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...physical and emotional risks that the women undergoes during abortion. To treat abortion as a simple medical procedure is naïve, even if abortion pills are used. The effects are life changing, and sometimes the scars can stay for life. The physical risks are even more harmful. There are many instances of abortions not being performed properly, leading to disability, and sometimes death. The best way to avoid this is to get familiarized with all the side effects involved, so that there are better chances of addressing them. Read below to know more on the side effects of abortion. Adverse Effects Of Abortion * Hemorrhaging is the most common side effect of abortion. Though bleeding is normal after an abortion but if the cervix or uterus is punctured, it can cause severe bleeding. This bleeding can only be stopped through surgery or blood transfusion. * The development of infection is also quite common. This can result mostly from incomplete abortion like when some fetal parts are left in the womb and insertion of medical instruments into the uterus. * Sometimes...
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...reason for the need of proper postpartum care. Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is when there is rapid blood loss after delivery. Post child birth hemorrhage is defined as; more than 500mL blood loss in a vaginal delivery, and more than a 1000mL in a cesarean delivery within 24 hours (McLintcok & James, 2011). Bleeding complications after delivery is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality (Rath, 2011), and causes nearly one quarter of all maternal deaths around the world (Tuncalp, Souza, Gulmezogolu & WHO, 2013). The proper assess and care can prevent maternal death. To prevent PPH a nurse must be aware of the risk factors that can lead to massive blood loss, and interventions that need to be taken to save maternal life. In every delivery there is risks for complications of bleeding whether by identifiable causes or unidentifiable causes; however there are certain situations that increase the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. When determining risks for PPH, it might be helpful to think about the “4 T’s”; tone (uterine atony, distended bladder), trauma (uterine, cervical, or vaginal injury), tissue (retained placenta or clots), thrombin (pre-existing bleeding conditions) (Lalonde, & International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2012). There are many risks factors for a nurse to watch for; every delivery uterine atony, incisions or tears, and hyper-coagulopathy put maternal patients at risk for massive blood loss. Induced or prolonged labor, multiple repeat...
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...The primary source that I’m using is a letter that was sent to John Brown, an abolitionist that was prominent during the whole “Bleeding Kansas” event. This letter was written by Mahala Doyle, the wife and mother of some of Brown’s victims on the Pottawatomie massacre. The message was dated the 20th of November 1859 in Chattanooga, Tennessee and was sent to John Brown, prior to his execution in Charleston at Harper’s Ferry. The Pottawatomie massacre was a significant event in American history because it was not only a reaction to the Sacking of Lawrence, Kansas but it gave some insight onto why it can be argued that “Bleeding Kansas” wasn’t just suffering in a manner of physical trauma, with all the killing and maiming but also emotional, there was much uncertainty when it came to ethics that dealt with the slavery abolitionist movement. After the Pottawatomie massacre, the man who was mainly responsible for such a brutal event received a letter from Mahala Doyle....
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... John Brown’s attempt to scare the Proslavery side out of Kansas only angered them, and inflamed the border war between the free-soilers and proslavery forces. Even though Brown had a good reason to be angry, he had no right to murder settlers that had nothing to do with the sack of Lawrence. According to Tony Horwitz, Brown was motivated to attack the proslavery settlers because of the sack of Lawrence, which was perpetrated by Missourian border ruffians, not the settlers he attacked and because not even one abolitionist fought back against the looters; after the pillaging, in the free-soiler camp, according to Horwitz; As the free-state men made camp and deliberated over what to do, Jason Brown overheard his father talking to two men about their proslavery neighbors back at Dutch henry’s crossing, on Pottawatomie creek. “Now something must be done’, Brown said. ‘Something is going to be done now.’ (Horwitz, 2011, p. 48-49) This was a premeditated act, something given thought to, not an unplanned outburst of rage. Andrew Johnson was a senator and representative from Tennessee, and he would become Lincoln’s vice president and after Lincoln’s death he became his successor, and according to Andrew Johnson’s speech, John Brown attacked the proslavery settlers at night, dragging them out of their beds, and sliced them up, with little to no provocation, and that provocation was from border ruffians, not the settlers he attacked. (Johnson, 1859), John Brown’s raid was not even on...
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...State Department Alert: Potential Implications for travel because of Ebola in West Africa August 28, 2014 www.travel.state.gov/content/passports/English/alertswarnings/ebola-west-africa.html Over the years the human race has encountered hundreds of diseases that not only spread rapidly but wipe out entire clans. This year, 2014, we are in contact with Ebola (EVD). Ebola is an infectious and generally fatal disease marked by fever and severe internal bleeding, spread through contact with infected body fluids by a filovirus (Ebola virus) (google.com). The big alert (travel 3 level) is now in West Africa and anyone traveling are subject to extensive testing upon leaving. The outbreak is scattered and is continuing to stretch slowly across Africa. The alert is currently in Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. These country-states are not the only ones, so anyone pretty much traveling to Africa will be subject to screening. Evaluations may include movement restrictions up to twenty-one days in containment to make sure no virus is detected. At this point in time there are to be absolutely no exceptions as to who must get screened or withheld. Even the President of the United States may get withheld if he was to visit. The Department of States Bureau of Consular Affairs nor the United States Embassy have the authority over quarantine issues. As for the people in these country-states, it seems they are not even allowed to travel other cities amongst themselves. Not to...
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