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1.why is protective relaying implmented in power system 1. Normal operation 2. Prevention of electrical failure. 3. Mitigation of the effects of electrical failure
2.what is the most important function of protective relaying removal any element of a power system when it suffers a short circuit, or when it starts to operate in any abnormal manner that might cause damage or interfere with the effective operation of the rest of the system.
3.what is a secondary function of protective relaying? provide indication of the location and type of failure
4.what are the two levels of protective relaying deployed in power system when economically justifiable. primary and back-up relaying
5. what is the role of fuse in relaying If a short circuit develops, large currents will flow, and the fuse link will melt, causing the circuit to open(when concerned economics.
6.what is dominant type of abnormal condition in power system.
Short circuit.
7.What protective equipment are share among adjacent protective zones in power system
Circuit breaker.
8.Is two level protection economically justifiable for any type of failure
No, just for short circuit
9Distinguish between “a” and “b” relay contact
.a for an open contact ;b for an closed contact
10. Define “pickup” value of relay actuating quantity
When a relay operates to open a b contact or to close an a contact, we say that it "picks up
11 Define”reset” value of relay actuating quantity
When a relay operates to close a b contact, or to move to a stop in place of a b contact, we say that it "resets
12 what is the role of “seal in”or “holding” coil in a relay? Briefly explain with a diagram
In order to protect the contacts against damage resulting from a possible inadvertent attempt to interrupt the flow of the circuit tripcoil current, some relays are provided with a holding mechanism comprising a small coil in series with the contacts;.
13How is the time delay realized in induction type relay
. by a "drag magnet," which is a permanent magnet arranged so that the relay rotor cuts the flux between the poles of the magnet
14sketch and label a curve of operating time vs magnitude of actuating quantity for induction type relay in term of pickup value and minimum response time 15what is meant by inverse time and definite time when referring to operating time characteristics of induction type of relay
An inverse-time curve is one where the operating time becomes less as the magnitude of the actuating quantity is increased. A definite-time curve would be one in which the operating time was unaffected by the magnitude of the actuating quantity
16what generally condition is needed for the development of a finite and steady actuating force by the rotor of induction type relay actuating force is produced in the presence of out-of-phase fluxes. One flux alone would produce no net force
17what is the specific condition needed for theprodutcion of maximum steady force by the rotor of induction type relay the maximum force is produced when the two fluxes are 90 out of phase
18Name five basic type of actuating structure that common to all induction type relays,identify “inverse time” or “high speed” (1) the "shadedpole"structure; (2) the "watthour-meter" structure; (3) the "induction-cup" and the"double-induction-loop" structures; (4) the "single-induction-loop" structure (2)

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