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Submitted by

Welby B. Rico

Chastine B. Gomisong

Edzel May S. Rebonza

Submitted to

Mrs. Maria Cristina M. Llauder

I. Introduction

Single-cell organisms receive their nutrients directly from the environment and discard waste products directly into it. In multicellular organisms like us, the situation is not so simple. There, too, each cell needs nutrients and produces wastes, but most of the cells are not directly in contact with the environment. So, body fluids serve as a medium for carrying nutrients and waste products from the cells as well as a means for carrying the chemical communicators that coordinate activities among cells. That’s why through the analysis of these body fluids we can easily diagnose and detect any diseases. These analyses of body fluids include the analysis of urine, blood, and saliva.

Analyzing urine is still one of the simplest ways to screen a person quickly for underlying medical conditions. That’s why so many physician offices still perform routine urinalysis when you are getting a checkup. Urinalysis let us study the kidney and how the body forms urine, so that we can understand what things should and should not be present in a urine specimen, in this case the normal and abnormal constituents. Urine is a body fluid that is easily collected and usually plentiful, so that many laboratory tests can be performed which can access the function of the kidney as well as many other organs in the body. The analysis of urine is one of the oldest lab tests performed for these reasons. Since other body fluids share similarities to urine, we also study their physical, chemical, and microscopic components so that we can assess health or disease states.

Blood analysis is commonly carried out on a sample of blood drawn from the vein of the arm, the finger,