...of this potential could Kalin capture? 5) İs your estimate of potential, and the portion Kalin can capture, as well as your estimate of Kalin’s gross margin per pound of sheep milk white cheese, result in a big enough opportunity to make this a worthwhile business for Kalin? Based on your conservative assumptions what would Kalin’s potential annual total gross profit be? 6) Would you take this opportunity? Why? Why not? Why would you take a chance with this opportunity? 7) Where dis Kalin find the money to launch his company? 8) Bootstrapping is defined as a verb means “promoting and developing by initiative and effort with little or no assistance”. Bootstrap as an adjective can be defined as something carried out with minimum resources or advantages.To pull oneself up by ones bootstraps means to help oneself by ones own resources without the aid of others. Give as many examples as possible, of “bootstrapping” by Kalin. 9) How is Malincho doing 18 months after it opened its doors for business? Specifically, how many is his loyal customer base? How many orders does he receive per week?...
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...assumptions. How much of this potential could Kalin capture? 5) İs your estimate of potential, and the portion Kalin can capture, as well as your estimate of Kalin’s gross margin per pound of sheep milk white cheese, result in a big enough opportunity to make this a worthwhile business for Kalin? Based on your conservative assumptions what would Kalin’s potential annual total gross profit be? 6) Would you take this opportunity? Why? Why not? Why would you take a chance with this opportunity? 7) Where dis Kalin find the money to launch his company? 8) Bootstrapping is defined as a verb means “promoting and developing by initiative and effort with little or no assistance”. Bootstrap as an adjective can be defined as something carried out with minimum resources or advantages.To pull oneself up by ones bootstraps means to help oneself by ones own resources without the aid of others. Give as many examples as possible, of “bootstrapping” by Kalin. 9) How is Malincho doing 18 months after it opened its doors for business? Specifically, how many is his loyal customer base? How many orders does he receive per week? At what level is his monthly or yearly revenue? What is the estimated level of his yearly gross...
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...How to Remote Install CentOS 6 via VNC For many reasons sometimes it is necessary to reinstall a linux on a server that is hosted in a remote location such as a Data center. You might want to install a new version of the Distribution, change the distribution, or you might need to re-partition you hard drive to be able to use LVM for example. You have three options here: 1 - Go physically to the Datacenter 2 - Pay a datacenter guy to reinstall that for you… :( 3 - Install it Remotely using VNC I chose the 3rd one since it seems to be the most convenient one. :-) What do we need? Network configuration of out server: IP Address, Gateway and DNS If you have all those 3 informations you are good to go! 1 - Download bootstrap files (Kernel and ramdisk image). # cd /boot # mkdir centos6 # cd centos6 # wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/vmlinuz # wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/isolinux/initrd.img Add an entry to the Grub Loader # vi /boot/grub/menu.lst ## Add the following lines to the end of the file and count how many lines starts with tittle: title CentOS 6 VNC Installation root (hd0,0) kernel /centos6/vmlinuz vnc vncpassword=houseoflinux headless ip=10.0.0.10 netmask=255.255.255.0 gateway=10.0.0.1 dns=10.0.0.5 ksdevice=eth0 method=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/ lang=en_US keymap=us initrd /centos6/initrd.img In my case with I had total 3 entries because I am updating...
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...Solution for Installation Error for HP Devices – Windows Vista We have detected that you were unable to successfully complete the installation for your HP device. All of the files that we attempted to install have been removed. Follow the procedures in this document to install your HP device after receiving an installation error. Note|Please make sure you have turned off and restarted your PC before trying the steps outlined below.| Step 1: Run the Disk Cleanup utility The software installation process uses certain system folders for preparing files for installation. Periodically, these folders need to be cleared. Prior to installing again, run the Disk Cleanup utility, which will help you: · Delete temporary Internet files · Delete downloaded program files · Empty the Recycle Bin · Delete files from the temporary folder · Delete files created by other Windows tools · Remove unused, optional Windows components To use the Disk Cleanup utility: 1. Click Start ( ), click All Programs, click Accessories, click System Tools, and then click Disk Cleanup. 2. After the Disk Cleanup utility analyzes the hard drive, a report with a list of options appears on the computer. Click the appropriate check boxes to remove unwanted files from the computer, and then click OK. 3. Click Yes on the confirmation screen that appears on the computer. Step 2: Reinstall HP Software Note|Before starting the installation process again, please confirm the following:· Unplug the USB...
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...#Problem 2 #Part 2 B=1000 sample_med_vars=numeric() CIs = character() n_values = c(10,100,1000) for (i in 1:3) { sample_meds=replicate(B, median(rnorm(n_values[i],1, 1))) sample_med_vars[i] = var(sample_meds) CIs[i] = paste(mean(sample_meds)-1.96*sd(sample_meds), mean(sample_meds)+1.96*sd(sample_meds)) } sample_med_vars #0.132826885 0.015370697 0.001603544 CIs ("0.265111943430679 1.69377252141066") #n=10 ("0.757126210069845 1.24312238725003") #n=100 ("0.922210181934582 1.07918375732663") #n=1000 #Part 3 theoretical_vars=numeric() n_values=c(10,100,1000) for (i in 1:3){ var_samplemed= (pi*(1)^2)/(2*n_values[i]) theoretical_vars[i] = var_samplemed } theoretical_vars #0.157079633 0.015707963 0.001570796 sample_mean_vars #0.132826885 0.015370697 0.001603544 *from Part 2 #The two types of variances seem to yield very similar values with very slight discrepancies. #variance of sample mean n_values=c(10,100,1000) var_sample.mean=1/n_values #0.100 0.010 0.001 #Compared to the variance of sample means, the variance of sample medians are greater in value on average. #Part 4 n=1000 sample_mean = mean(rnorm(n,1, 1)) pboot_vars=numeric() n_values = c(10,100,1000) for (i in 1:3) { pboot_vars[i] = var(replicate(B, median((rnorm(n_values[i],sample_mean, 1))))) } pboot_vars #0.131888264 0.016435213 0.001627244 sample_med_vars #0.132826885 0.015370697 0.001603544 *from Part 2 #Comparing the 2 results, we observe that #the parametric boostrap variances arevery similar to the sample median variances...
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...In te r n a ti o n a l J o u r n a l o f M a n a g e me n t C a s es BOOTSTRAP FINANCING: FOUR CASE STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES EVA M.TOMORY UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, CANADA Abstract Innovative businesses, especially in the early stages of their life cycles, often encounter difficulty in obtaining long-term external financing. Their founders tend to seek financing through nontraditional bootstrapping methods to launch their ventures. Bootstrap financing refers to a range of creative ways to acquire resources without relying on borrowing money or raising equity from traditional sources (Freear et al., 1995a). The paper examines how successful technology entrepreneurs used bootstrap financing: the founders of Microsoft Corporation, Apple Inc., Dell Inc. and Research in Motion Ltd. The research investigates the elements of bootstrapping as described in Freear et al. (1995a) and in Winborg and Landström (2001), finding that entrepreneurs use bootstrapping extensively during the early stages of growth for both product and business developments. Bootstrapping methods change as the business develops with certain methods used more at the beginning of the life cycle, and different variations used as the business starts to grow. The study also points out that even the most successful technology-based consumer goods businesses relied on bootstrap financing at the early stages of their development. This technique deserves more attention from the scholarly community since it is certain...
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...Running head: BOOTSTRAPPING FOR NEW VENTURES BOOTSTRAPPING FOR NEW VENTURES Antoinette Brown Metropolitan College of New York BOOTSTRAPPING FOR NEW VENTURES Abstract Bootstrapping, frequently regarded as a means to an end when there are no other options to finance a business. Entrepreneurs commonly use bootstrapping practices to help get new ventures up and running. For most small start ups, the process of securing financial backing is risky. When outside capital financing, venture capitalists, banks, and angel investors do not exist Bootstrapping is entrepreneurship in its purest form. It is the transformation of human capital into financial capital. The overwhelming majority of entrepreneurial companies financed through this “highly creative” process, which involves the use personal savings, credit-card debt, loans from friends and family, and formal sources of private equity (Freear, Sohl, and Wetzel, 1995). BOOTSTRAPPING FOR NEW VENTURES Bootstrapping Risks and Rewards When the investment banker says ‘NO’ the entrepreneur relies on himself or herself to raise capital by bootstrap financing. Bootstrappers have to be resourceful to a certain extent. The entrepreneur finds other creative ways to make-do or they do without. Bootstrappers consider strategies that can essentially reduce risks connected with their new ventures. By creating a business that make available products or services and needs little or no inventory, the entrepreneur can make...
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...must have enough information about the seller, and his reputation. Several statistical and mathematical solutions have been developed to make users aware of such practices, but those solutions have their own shortcomings. For example, beta reputation systems can compute the aggregate trust rating for a seller, but it requires several iterations to filter out the ratings which could be intentional and unfair. And even after employing those iterations, there is no conformity about the correctness and accuracy of the results. Moreover, these methods require several truncations to be completed to compute the results. In the absence of such information, these methods can be attacked by fraudulent techniques like: 1.) “bootstrapping”, and 2.) “whitewashing”. Bootstrapping occurs when a seller has just entered the online market and there is no evidence that he could be trusted or not. The statistical reputations systems, in such cases, assume an average priori trust value indicating the seller could or couldn’t be trustworthy. If priori trust value is set above average, the sellers who were already detected using fraudulent means to sell the products, can easily break the system and create new identity to enter the market. This practice is called whitewashing. If priori trust value is set below average, new sellers who could be genuine will find it difficult to sell their products. In recent years, there have been great studies regarding...
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...Bootstrapping Estimates of the CER Model Econ 424/Amath 540 Eric Zivot Summer 2012 Updated: July 17, 2012 © Eric Zivot 2006 Monthly Returns on MSFT, SBUX and S&P 500 0.0 -0.4 returns Returns on Microsoft Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 0.0 -0.4 returns Returns on Starbucks Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 -0.15 returns 0.05 Returns on S&P 500 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 © Eric Zivot 2006 1 Estimated Standard Errors > se.muhat = sigmahat.vals/sqrt(nobs) > rbind(muhat.vals,se.muhat) sbux msft sp500 muhat.vals 0.0277 0.0275 0.01253 se.muhat 0.0135 0.0106 0.00378 > se.sigma2hat = sigma2hat.vals/sqrt(nobs/2) > rbind(sigma2hat.vals,se.sigma2hat) sbux msft sp500 sigma2hat.vals 0.01845 0.01141 0.00143 se.sigma2hat 0.00261 0.00161 0.00020 > se.sigmahat = sigmahat.vals/sqrt(2*nobs) > rbind(sigmahat.vals,se.sigmahat) sbux msft sp500 sigmahat.vals 0.1358 0.1068 0.0378 se.sigmahat 0.0096 0.0075 0.0026 © Eric Zivot 2006 R function sample() # random permutations of the...
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...Bootstrapping (statistics) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In statistics, bootstrapping is a method for assigning measures of accuracy (defined in terms of bias, variance, confidence intervals, prediction error or some other such measure) to sample estimates.[1][2] This technique allows estimation of the sampling distribution of almost any statistic using only very simple methods.[3][4] Generally, it falls in the broader class of resampling methods. Bootstrapping is the practice of estimating properties of an estimator (such as its variance) by measuring those properties when sampling from an approximating distribution. One standard choice for an approximating distribution is the empirical distribution of the observed data. In the case where a set of observations can be assumed to be from an independent and identically distributed population, this can be implemented by constructing a number of resamples of the observed dataset (and of equal size to the observed dataset), each of which is obtained by random sampling with replacement from the original dataset. It may also be used for constructing hypothesis tests. It is often used as an alternative to inference based on parametric assumptions when those assumptions are in doubt, or where parametric inference is impossible or requires very complicated formulas for the calculation of standard errors. Contents * 1 History * 2 Approach * 3 Situations where bootstrapping is useful * 4 Discussion * 4.1 Advantages...
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...Sources of finance for entrepreneur Entrepreneurs as pioneering play an important role in achieving business success in today twenty-one century. They serve as agents of change provide creative, innovative ideas for business enterprises and help business grow and become profitable. There are two types of entrepreneurs which are business entrepreneur and social entrepreneur. Business entrepreneur is driven by a profit motive while social entrepreneur is driven by a mission to fill the gap left of the market and public sector. This essay will typically focus on business entrepreneur.（Frederick, H.H&D.F.Kurakto.2010）.The most important part for enterprise doing business is financing .Without money or capital which is extremely hard for entrepreneur starting up a business. However there are many sources of financing for entrepreneur. The essay will be illustrated from some sources of finance via an existing company. Sharetea Australia Pty is a company that specialist in food and beverages. The company has four shops located in different district s in Sydney. As a proprietary company which meant the company is owned by an individual that has limited shares, around fifty employees work in the company. Anthony Mu is the manager of the company which has 10 years working experiences. In this essay, it is necessary to discuss how do Anthony Mu raise funds as an entrepreneur for starting his business, and any source of finance that he used to maintain his company. It said that...
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...MIT Course 15.975 Nuts and Bolts of Business Plans Session on Financing Excerpts from Angel Investor Study Venture Support Systems Project: Angel Investors MIT Entrepreneurship Center Release 1.1 February 2000 The Venture Support Systems (VSS) Project is managed by a team at MIT and HBS. It was funded by a generous donation from Ronald A. Kurtz (MIT 1954) and David Kurtz (HBS 1992). Other reports from the VSS Project include cases, teaching notes and monographs. This report was prepared by Lucinda Linde (Marlin Capital) and Alok Prasad (Pittiglio, Rabin, Todd & McGrath) under the direction of Kenneth P. Morse and Matthew Utterback of the MIT Sloan School and Howard Stevenson and Michael Roberts, of the Harvard Business School. �2000 MIT Entrepreneurship Center Executive Summary Angel investors are an important and growing source of financing for the start-up and initial growth phases of technology ventures. This study focused on high net worth angel investors with entrepreneurial backgrounds. Many of these angels invest in first time entrepreneurs before the entrepreneurs secure venture capital financing. Besides earning a strong return on their investment, these experienced angels are motivated to “give back” to the community which helped make them successful. Very little published data is available on angel investing and little research has been done on the experienced angel investor. It may be valuable for first time entrepreneurs, venture capitalists...
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...5 ways to finance your start-up venture Do you have a great business idea that you want to put into action? Is the lack of funds stopping you from achieving your dream? Here are some winning tips to help start your venture. 1. Consider bootstrapping - Using personal finances or bootstrapping is a great way for an entrepreneur to start his business. Capital can be raised from savings accounts, credit cards and retirement accounts. One can also raise equity by selling properties, rare collectibles, vehicles, etc. 2. Be realistic about your investment - Rather than taking the maximum, ask for a loan that will meet one aspect of your business. For instance, if you need money for your inventory, assess the cost and ask for a minimum amount. Once you repay the initial amount, the investor also gets confidence in you. Ensure that you show your progress at every step. 3. Borrowing money from friends and family members - It can be challenging to get loans from banks or private lenders. Instead, turn to your friends and family. Don't just look up to your father or best friend, but also shortlist those people who believe in your project, understand your plan and are aware of the risks involved. Ensure that it's a loan and not an equity investment as you do not want too many friends and family members to own a stake in your company. An added advantage is that private loans have low-interest rates compared to those given by banks. Also, put every transaction in writing to avoid any...
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...assets such as the plant and lastly the business plan. According to Howard H. Stevenson, entrepreneurs strive for using the least amount of all types of resources as possible, rather than own the resources they need. This is done to reduce risk that would include staged capital commitments, less capital, more flexibility, low sunk cost and lower costs. • Describe at least two creative bootstrapping resources. (Question #2) Ventures find the use of other people’s resources to accomplish a little more with a little less in order to pursue the opportunity of becoming successful. Having the use of the resources and being able to regulate or influence the placement of the resource is important. These resources include a number of things, such as money invested or borrowed. Other resources include, people, equipment, office location, or any other items that may be given at a low cost or maybe free by customers or suppliers. Other creative bootstrapping resource includes using outside people resources. Hiring professional expertise on a project basis and lease rather than own is a creative bootstrapping resource that is used to minimize the resources owned. • Why will the Internet become an increasingly important gateway to controlling resources? (Question #3) The internet is a very important resource that entrepreneurs use to get fast and up-to-date information. The internet is a great way to build and maintain a network of contacts through email and instant messaging services...
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...Bootstrapping Regression Models Appendix to An R and S-PLUS Companion to Applied Regression John Fox January 2002 1 Basic Ideas Bootstrapping is a general approach to statistical inference based on building a sampling distribution for a statistic by resampling from the data at hand. The term ‘bootstrapping,’ due to Efron (1979), is an allusion to the expression ‘pulling oneself up by one’s bootstraps’ – in this case, using the sample data as a population from which repeated samples are drawn. At first blush, the approach seems circular, but has been shown to be sound. Two S libraries for bootstrapping are associated with extensive treatments of the subject: Efron and Tibshirani’s (1993) bootstrap library, and Davison and Hinkley’s (1997) boot library. Of the two, boot, programmed by A. J. Canty, is somewhat more capable, and will be used for the examples in this appendix. There are several forms of the bootstrap, and, additionally, several other resampling methods that are related to it, such as jackknifing, cross-validation, randomization tests, and permutation tests. I will stress the nonparametric bootstrap. Suppose that we draw a sample S = {X1 , X2 , ..., Xn } from a population P = {x1 , x2 , ..., xN }; imagine further, at least for the time being, that N is very much larger than n, and that S is either a simple random sample or an independent random sample from P;1 I will briefly consider other sampling schemes at the end of the appendix. It will...
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