...and a good student with a cumulative GPA of 3.9. She is active in several extracurricular activities, her future seems promising. Ana comes home from school excited after learning that she can obtain her learner’s permit because she is 15. Her parents explain that she will not be able to receive her permit because she is in the United States illegally. Ana’s world comes crashing down around her; she did not know that she was not a citizen. Her future, once promising seems dismal. Without proper documentation Ana cannot get a driver’s license, attend college, or even get a good job. Ana did not decide to come to America illegally; however, she will suffer consequences of her parent’s decision. Citizens can benefit from different cultures establishing residence in the United States these benefits have helped to shape society. Some people would argue that we must stop immigration. Others argue that immigration is beneficial but that our current policies are not working. The United States began with immigrants and even though immigration laws need to be reformed, immigrants are vital, and beneficial to society. America, as we know it today, began because of immigrants. The history of immigration can be seen in four periods. The first period started in the eighteenth century and continued through the late nineteenth century. In this first period most of the immigrants came from the British Islands and Western Europe. During this period of immigration the United States...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between two large...
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...MANAGING CULTURAL INTEGRATION IN CROSS-BORDER MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS Daniel R. Denison, Bryan Adkins and Ashley M. Guidroz ABSTRACT Cross-border M&A has become one of the leading approaches for firms to gain access to global markets. Yet there has been little progress in the research literature exploring the role that culture may play in the success of these ventures. Poor culture-fit has often been cited as one reason why M&A has not produced the outcomes organizations hoped for (Cartwright & Schoenberg, 2006). Cross-border M&A has the added challenges of having to deal with both national and organizational culture differences. In this chapter we review the literature on cultural integration in cross-border M&A and provide a framework designed to help manage the integration process throughout the M&A lifecycle. This framework presents culture assessment and integration as a crucial component to reducing poor culture-fit as a barrier to M&A success. Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a central part of most corporate growth strategies, and an increasing portion of that M&A activity now spans national borders. Indeed, beyond a certain scale, one might say that all M&A is now cross-border M&A. For example, even a merger Advances in Global Leadership, Volume 6, 95–115 Copyright r 2011 by Emerald Group Publishing Limited All rights of reproduction in any form reserved ISSN: 1535-1203/doi:10.1108/S1535-1203(2011)0000006008 95 96 DANIEL R. DENISON ET AL. between...
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...how Crenshaw might object to Anzaldua’s account because it does not contain adequate factual evidence or realistic solutions. As a response from Anzaldua to Crenshaw’s objections, I will assert that Anzaldua effectively used personal and cultural experiences to reflect on intersectionality. Throughout her life, Anzaldua felt like she lived within borders. That in order to live and survive, she had to cross borders continuously. This is because multiple aspects of her life typically result in societal discrimination. She is unique in that she is a minority in several ways such as being a mix of Mexican and Anglo-Saxon, as well as being a lesbian. These aspects overlap and intertwine, which results in intersectionality. When crossing borders, one has to adapt to the different norms that are customary to the different sides of the border. It is necessary to exist in her worlds in different ways. For example, Mexican and Anglo-Saxon people have diverse views and rules that dictate appropriate actions and behavior that are accepted. Anzaldua is born of parents who are both Mexican and Anglo-Saxon, which makes her a mixture of both cultures. From the words of Azaldua, “Dominant...
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...limiting free movement across borders has risen in the past thirty years due to increases in terrorism around the world and illegal immigration into countries such as the United States. While, in the long term, economic reasons fueled the push for Brexit, the vote allowed the people of the United Kingdom to demonstrate their frustration with the current government in combating terrorism, which increases as more immigrants flood in from war-torn and conflict areas, such as Syria. In this time of conflict in Syria, as a civil war ravages through the country, leaving millions homeless, the European Union's open border policies allow too many refugees to come into Europe too fast. This ultimately results in economic problems from having to support such a large...
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...Chapter 7 Cultural Diversity in Cross-Border Alliances Susan E . Jackson Randall S . Schuler Introduction Increasingly, firms are using cross-border alliances to strengthen and maintain their position in the market place . Although often seen as a relatively fast and efficient way to expand into new markets and incorporate new technologies, the success of cross-border alliances is by no means assured . To the contrary, such alliances often fall short of their stated goals and objectives . While some failures can be explained by financial and market factors, the failure of others can be traced to neglected human resource issues and activities associated with managing the cultural diversity present in these organizations . This chapter describes the special challenges that cultural diversity creates for effectively managing human resources within cross-border alliances . Drawing upon the extensive literature regarding the management of domestic alliances and domestic diversity, we offer suggestions for how human resource management practices might be used to improve the success of cross-border alliances . Regardless of industry, it appears that it has become all but impossible in our global environment for firms to successfully compete without growing and expanding through deals that result in cross-border alliances (CBAs) (Lucenko, 2000) . In some industries, e .g., insurance, cross-border alliances provide a means for moving into new markets . In other...
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...Should The United States Militarize Its' Borders What does the word territory mean to you? Could it mean simply an area of land that is ruled under the jurisdiction of a state or leader? Territory is one of the never ending battles humans of the Earth will face. We fought over it hundreds of thousands of years ago. And we are still fighting over it today. The battles we face today are different that in the past. Today the United States are fighting to keep the U.S. of America free and not overrun. But is that victory we envision in our future worth the cost it will entail. The only thing that is separating the United States border and Mexico’s border is simply an imaginary line. It is nothing we can see just what we are told is there. Then there are the official structures, the fences and wall and the use of border patrol agents to enforce the laws and boundaries. Yet you still have illegal immigrants crossing into United States territory without permission. What can we do to solve this issue at hand? We can invest in the use of heavy force. We can militarize our borders. Militarization is the organization or aggregation of military force in a territory. (Wickham, n.d.) The United States can send thousands of men and women to the borders to stop this from occurring. They can increase the size of the fences and walls. Invest in drones and spy planes. The only problem is how many will it take, or how will this affect the economy of the United States. This could lead to higher...
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...How Westernization Changed Culture In Africa, you can see a mixture of the ancient culture as well as some westernization after-effects of other countries taking control of them. These resulted from the period of time known as Imperialism. The impact of that period of time can still be felt throughout the world in many different ways, but the most prominent is the westernization that occurred in the colonies. A shift toward a western-like world is observable over time, as the films “Within the Work Fair” (1926), “Gold” (1938), and “In 50 Years” (1958) portray. The change in the way they dress, think, and act are all very evident in the said films. From this, I argue that the impact of colonialism and westernization are caused by non-natural borders, the “civilizing mission”, while it was most commonly seen through the change in culture that occurred. Rifts were caused from the unnatural borders created by the colonizers during the Imperialism time period, those of which can still be witnessed today. When the Europeans carved up Africa between each other, they paid no attention to cultures or way of life that had already existed in the areas. They divided Africa according to what they thought were best for their home countries. These actions eventually caused a rift between cultures that had previously been extremely similar. The cultures that had been similar were forced to conform to the type of culture the metropoles thought to be more civilized. In the long run I believe...
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...“Protecting Our America” After researching on America’s problems with border control and illegal immigration, I first have realized that two of the most important aspects of this highly controversial topic, relate to America’s economy and culture. Certain people, such as Anna Quidlen, author of essay “Immigration: Newcomers by Numbers”, believe that America relies on both legal and illegal immigrants to boost our economy and help our nation become more universal. My research presents the other side of this argument, by showing how illegal immigration has actually threatened our nation’s economy and culture more so than anything else. I originally agreed with Anna Quindlen, after reading her essay; all of her points describing the economic benefits America receives by employing undocumented workers seemed reasonable and accurate. Her plea states that they are just regular people in search of work, trying to make a better life for themselves and their families. I’m sure this is true in a lot of cases but unfortunately, there are more repercussions for allowing illegal immigrants to stay in our country than what meets the eye. Yes, it is true that these Mexican workers will take jobs that Americans turn down and yes, they will do them for cheaper. So in that sense, yes, illegal workers do benefit our economy, “but what is good for corporate America is not necessarily what is good for Middle America (Buchanan 49).” Simply paying taxes and filling lower income jobs such as farmhands...
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...Multidimensional Lenses on Migration Dilara Sönmez Middle East Technical University Department of International Relations, #1541077 ABSTRACT National and international security has gained new meanings and elements in recent years, especially after Cold War. The changed concept of security has been more and more broadened with accelerated effects of globalization and shocking September 11 events. The new issues of security agenda may be listed as immigration, global terror, climate change, energy, internal violence, human security etc. This article recovers mainly how irregular migration effects national and human security in a multi dimensional framework, from theories to the cases under several sections of the paper. Firstly, the definition and types; secondly motivations of immigration are outlined with a historical and theoretical briefs. Then the general perception on migration and motivations of migration will be connected more specific sections that are, in sequence, international lenses on migration regarding state and public securities and more specifically, the lenses of the US and European Union on migration. The conclusion part put my arguments as done during article that are both agreed and disagreed with the mainstream theories and the opinions of expert that are stated in the article. Definitions and Types of Migration The term of migration has several definitions that give almost similar meanings. Generally, in social science literature, Migration...
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...conflicted with many ideals of what is right in a society. Every culture has different socialized norms to conform to and spread among the community. Each culture has different ways of controlling the population into abiding by these norms. Some are influenced by religion, race, and their rank in the social hierarchy. The first article I read was about the use of biometrics by Coalition forces with the “war on terror”. The article explains how the use of biometric documentation of civilians is creating a system of controlling the population, and getting rid of life that is read to be potentially dangerous. The second article focuses on the racialization of surveillance in Canada’s North-West, and how the aim to manage the population of indigenous people is created by a system that still follows the societal normalities produced by settler societies. The system supports the racialization of society, and also feeds into the prejudice held against indigenous peoples. The third article I read focused on the racialized, and gendered sexual violence of honour crimes. Also the article looks at how honour crimes and cultural otherness brought on by people immigrating from places where the social norms are different or strongly held together by tradition and religion. The fourth and final article that I read talked about the tolerance at the Spanish- Moroccan border and the four racialized groups of people that occupy the border town of Ceuta. Through the reading of the four articles, there...
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...post-totalitarian, post-national Europe as a politically realistic perspective. Today, these origins of the modern Europe appear to have been forgotten. Yet the cosmopolitan dream of an open Europe that overcomes its historic barriers of nationalism, racism and colonialism is not dead. Today, however, it is less then ever before a perspective of the political elites. As an idea and as a demand, however, this Europe continues to have its place in the diaspora: among the critics and dissidents of the new Euro-statehood and among the migrants who fight a practical fight against the EU’s neo-colonial border regime. However, a new, disenchanted character of cosmopolitanism is emerging here, marked less by ethics than by the pragmatism of crossing borders. Migrant border research “If you want to go to Hungary, cross the unmanned border to Austria and get yourself arrested; if the border police ask which countries you passed through to get to Austria, say Hungary and you will be taken there post haste.“ Knowing the ‘safe third state’ regulation, the ‘one chance rule’ and being aware that...
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...represented one of the first ethnic groups to resist European colonization in the region during the period of European expansion. The Garifuna’s story of resistance and exile is one that is unique to the region and one that would set the stage for the development of Garifuna culture centuries later. The historical background...
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...spread ideas, beliefs, and cultures to many different countries. Furthermore, it has also made the United States of America what it is today. Immigrants come to the United States for many different reasons. Many come for another chance or a new beginning. Others come for jobs and money, to escape a war, education, or just for freedom. All immigrants come for the hope of living the “American Dream” as a citizen of the United States. The 14th amendment in the Constitution of the United States defines citizenship as “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” (The Constitution of the United States). Many immigrants come into America legally with the required papers, but others sneak past the borders illegally. However, over the past few years immigration into the United States has increased dramatically and is turning into a very big problem to many. Even though the United States of America were established by immigrants many Americans are against the immigration policy in the United States, some accept it and encourage it, and others want to give everyone an equal opportunity. The fact that immigration into the United States has greatly increased over the past few years worries many all across America. These people are against mass immigration and think the United States should begin to cut back on the amount of immigrants granted entry into America in order to preserve our security and culture. “We need to control immigration to secure our borders and protect our unity...
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...looking for new opportunities across the border. International business is the term use for the operation and objective of the organisation that have interest in other countries. For example Tesco, Ford, General Motor, McDonald, Disney, so many other companies. These companies have key interest to standardise their product for general acceptance. The international business becomes more complex. Tie between the different societies and organisations. (Meldrum, D.H) as businesses inter into new market it chances of 50% losses increases. Due to different in economic, political, cultural structure, policies, geography and currencies. These factor decreases profit ratio of international investment. There are no specific criteria to measure such in-stability. Every investor used their own method and measure. Uncertain condition of country make easy for international business to design their own stability criteria. (Considering risk in international business) Business has no idea about the local risk. It's difficult to operate and manage in such condition where the Culture, Social, Economic, Political, and legal structure are not stable. In such cause the international business need to take all the measurement either it`s Commercial, Culture, Social. Political or legal instability before enter into new market or country. 2. International business (McCulloch, C.1999)International business is started as with the formation of first national borders. Greek started such activity before the...
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