Premium Essay

Brine Shrimp Egg Lab

Submitted By
Words 1397
Pages 6
The Effect of Calcium on Hatching Brine Shrimp Eggs science fair project will investigate how the addition of various amounts of calcium to brine shrimp eggs will affect their hatch rates. I was drawn to this area because I have an interest in how several outside factors can affect the nature of a process. My hypothesis for this lab is that the larger amount of calcium added into a petri dish will result with a faster hatching rate due to the extra nutrients. The independent variable of this lab is the concentrations of calcium, while the dependent variable is the brine shrimp eggs hatch rate. The constant is petri dish A that will have no calcium added. I plan on measuring this rate through observing the individual petri dishes every twelve hours under a magnifying glass and counting the number of eggs that hatch. The science of this lab can be traced back to the background …show more content…
These species could be traced back to an ancient form living in the Mediterranean about 5.5 million years ago. The first record of their existence was in 982 in Urmia Lake, Iran. But, their first depiction was made almost a 800 years later in 1756 by Schloösser in Lymington, England. Unlike other animals who evolved since that era, they have changed little. These details reveal the distribution of brine shrimp across the planet.
These shrimp are found all over the world. They live in inland saltwater lakes, but not in oceans. Their natural habitats actually gives them the advantage of avoiding most types of predator fish, because they possess the ability to live in water with over 25% of salinity. But brine shrimp rarely dwell in waters that have less than 60%-80% as they can withstand up to 250% of salinity in water. An example of their habitat would be the Great Salt Lake in Utah, which is the largest saltwater lake in the Western

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Brine Shrimp

...Lab RepoRt assistant This document is not meant to be a substitute for a formal laboratory report. The Lab Report Assistant is simply a summary of the experiment’s questions, diagrams if needed, and data tables that should be addressed in a formal lab report. The intent is to facilitate student’s writing of lab reports by providing this information in an editable file which can be sent to an instructor obseRvations Data Table 1: Brine Shrimp Hatching Data| |Day 1|Day 2|Day 3|Day 4|Day 5| |AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM|AM|PM| Vial #1|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0| Vial #2|0|0|5|5|1|1|0|0|0|0| Vial #3|0|0|8|8|10|10|14|14|7|7| Vial #4|0|0|3|3|5|5|2|2|0|0| Vial #5|0|0|0|0|4|4|1|1|0|0| Questions A. What was your hypothesis for this experiment? I believe 60 grams of sea salt will be the best for the hatching of brine shrimp eggs. B. Based upon your observations, what was the corresponding salinity of the solutions in each of the five vials? Please explain your answer. 1) 0 2) 60 3) 90 4) 120 5) 30 Because brine shrimp have succeeded in living in highly saline bodies of water, I believe that the vials with more shrimp that hatched had the higher salinities, and the vials with no shrimp hatching...

Words: 315 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Brine

...schmichael Brine Shrimp lab 2013 9/10/13 Introduction Artemia salina or (Brine Shrimp) belong to the Anthropoda phylum. Brine Shrimp are found in a variety of different habitats, ranging from temporary ponds to estuaries, lakes and rivers. A Brine Shrimp’s ability to inhabit various environments can be attributed to their tolerance of a range of salinities. Brine Shrimp have been found to survive in salinities from 0% to 15%. When hatching Brine Shrimp the highest number of eggs will hatch at a salinity of 7.5%. The ability to adapt to new environments gives Brine Shrimp a distinct advantage among their aquatic community, and allows them to successfully reproduce and survive within their environment. Materials and Methods In determining the optimal salinity for hatching brine shrimp eggs, seven samples were made with salinities ranging from 0%, 3.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15%. Four trials were performed for each of the seven samples. The room temperature and the water used were both at 72°F. The salt used to create the samples was supplied by Carolina Biological Supply Company. The seven ranging salinities were prepared in 100 mL samples. Seven masses of salt were measured on a scale (0g, 3.5g, 5g, 7.5g, 10g, 12.5g, and 15g) and were corresponded to a beaker filled with 100 mL of distilled water. For each sample, four trials were replicated by filling 30 mL plastic vials with 25 mL of solution. 2400 cysts (one...

Words: 325 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Marine Fungi; a Review

...Marine Mycology: An Overview of Pathogens, and Secondary Metabolites Introduction and History The golden age of marine mycology occurred from 1960-1990 with the research and discovery of most of the roughly 500 species of obligate marine fungi. Much of said research was conducted from 1980-2000; this 30 year period saw the report of nearly half of the marine fungal species currently known (Jones et al. 2009; Jones, 2011). That being said, marine fungi are vastly understudied and under rated in comparison to marine plants, animals, and other microorganisms; frequently they are omitted or only briefly referenced in marine biodiversity and ecology text books (Jones and Pang, 2012). The cladistics of marine fungi is currently in a state of flux, with new taxa being discovered as molecular techniques such as DNA and RNA analysis via polymerase chain reactions, and gel electrophoresis are implemented (Ald et al 2005). Even though fungus-like organisms such as oomycetes are not fungi, marine mycologists often study them as they perform similar functions, and until recently most had been classified as fungi based on their morphological similarities (Jones, 2011). These fungus-like organisms are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, zoospores, have chitin containing cell walls, and similar life cycles to fungi (Neuhauser et al. 2012). Conventionally terrestrial or freshwater species are also included in the marine fungal group as facultative species; this is due to their active ecological...

Words: 4679 - Pages: 19

Free Essay

Animal

...mins. Exercise 8: 10 mins. Exercise 9: 30 mins. Materials Required: ITEM NUMBER (per group) LOCATION Any living or preserved plant *specimens (listed below) Display Cart/Counter Microscopes (compound and dissecting) Display Counter Colored pencils 1 set Cart/Counter *Specimens: Preserved or Living Prepared Slides Grantia Grantia choanocytes Hydra Planaria Tapeworm Clam Termite Brittle star Crayfish Earthworm Frog Mammal skulls Sand dollar Sea cucmber Sea star Lab Safety: Wear safety goggles/glasses and gloves while handing specimens (it is preferred that specimens remain in the appropriate containers untouched). Lab coats or aprons may be available upon request. Demonstrations/Tutorials: To display each life cycle with specimens and slides, see the following display suggestions – Clean up and Disposal of Waste 1. Return any materials to original locations. 2. Try to preserve any living specimens for future labs. Lab Alternatives – Computer Based p. 113 Exercise 1 – Phylum Porifera – Sponges Given that all sponges are filter feeders, why does it follow that all sponges are aquatic? Filter feeding is the filtering of nutrients and plankton suspended in water therefore for sponges to feed effectively they must be aquatic Would mobility improve the ability of sponges to capture food? Explain. Mobility would improve the action of the sponge, help it to capture food because it has a hard thing trying to find it...

Words: 4763 - Pages: 20

Premium Essay

Something

...BIOPESTICIDAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHILI PEPPER ON GOLDEN KUHOL (POMACEA CANALICULATA) A Research Proposal Presented to the faculty of Science Department In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Research II Jaira Belle G. Venturillo IV-Rutherford September 2013 BIOPESTICIDAL EFFECT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF CHILI PEPPER ON GOLDEN KUHOL (POMACEA CANALICULATA) INTRODUCTION A who’s who of biopesticide is therefore of concern to us all. If we are going to live intimately with these chemicals formulating them within the plants and then eventually eating them, taking them into the very marrow of our bones, isn’t it like digging our own grave? On today’s status quo one of the major problems in the Philippines is about health, and one of the main cause of this is about what we eat, which as we can see chemical products are abundant in the Philippines. Rice is an everyday consumption of Filipino’s diet which is believed healthy for our body and abundant throughout the Philippines, but what if shortage of this production is experience because of pests invading towards Philippine rice fields. Believe it or not, this healthy is now considered insalubrious facing the fact that chemicals that are practiced towards the plants which serves as pesticide against kuhol will also harm our body, because farmers have no choice but to use chemical pesticide to eliminate these pests, is there? Before the introduction of chemical pesticides our native kuhol was a good source of...

Words: 6828 - Pages: 28

Premium Essay

Note

...The Diversityof Life Lab Manual Stephen W. Ziser Department of Biology Pinnacle Campus for BIOL 1409 General Biology: The Diversity of Life Lab Activities, Homework & Lab Assignments 2013.8 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life – Lab Manual, Ziser, 2013.8 1 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life Ziser - Lab Manual Table of Contents 1. Overview of Semester Lab Activities Laboratory Activities . . . . . . . . . 2. Introduction to the Lab & Safety Information . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 30 39 46 54 68 81 104 147 3. Laboratory Exercises Microscopy . . . . . . Taxonomy and Classification . Cells – The Basic Units of Life . Asexual & Sexual Reproduction Development & Life Cycles . . Ecosystems of Texas . . . . The Bacterial Kingdoms . . . The Protists . . . . . . The Fungi . . . . . . . The Plant Kingdom . . . . The Animal Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 17 22 26 29 . 32 . 42 . 50 . 59 . 89 4. Lab Reports (to be turned in - deadline dates as announced) Taxonomy...

Words: 21204 - Pages: 85

Premium Essay

Review

...A Review of Literature Related to Oil Spill Dispersants 1997-2008 for Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council (PWSRCAC) Anchorage, Alaska by Merv Fingas Spill Science Edmonton, Alberta PWSRCAC Contract Number - 955.08.03 Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this PWSRCAC-commissioned report are not necessarily those of PWSRCAC September, 2008 ii Abstract This report is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to August, 2008. The report identifies and focusses on recent advances in dispersant effectiveness, toxicity, and biodegradation. Other topics such as application, use, behaviour and fate are also covered. The prime motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact of oil on shorelines, thus the application must be successful and effectiveness high. As some oil would come ashore, discussion remains on what effectiveness is required to significantly reduce the shoreline impact. A major issue is the actual effectiveness during spills so that these values can be used in estimates for the future. The second motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact on birds and mammals on the water surface. The benefits of using dispersants to reduce impacts on wildlife still remain unknown. The third motivation for using dispersants is to promote the biodegradation of oil in the water column. The effect of dispersants on biodegradation is still a matter of dispute. Some papers state that dispersants inhibit...

Words: 82016 - Pages: 329

Premium Essay

Doc, Docx, Pdf, Wps, Rtf, Odt

...Dan Brown Deception Point Deception Point by Dan Brown Acknowledgments With warm thanks to Jason Kaufman for his superb guidance and insightful editorial skills; Blythe Brown for her tireless research and creative input; my good friend Jake Elwell at Wieser & Wieser; the National Security Archive; the NASA Public Affairs Office; Stan Planton, who continues to be a source for information on all things; the National Security Agency; glaciologist Martin O. Jeffries; and the superb minds of Brett Trotter, Thomas D. Nadeau, and Jim Barrington. Thanks also to Connie and Dick Brown, the U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project, Suzanne O’Neill, Margie Wachtel, Morey Stettner, Owen King, Alison McKinnell, Mary and Stephen Gorman, Dr. Karl Singer, Dr. Michael I. Latz of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, April at Micron Electronics, Esther Sung, the National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Gene Allmendinger, the incomparable Heide Lange at Sanford J. Greenburger Associates, and John Pike at the Federation of American Scientists. Author’s Note The Delta Force, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Space Frontier Foundation are real organizations. All technologies described in this novel exist. “If this discovery is confirmed, it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered. Its implications are as far-reaching and awe-inspiring as can be imagined. Even as it promises answers to some of our oldest questions, it poses still...

Words: 144469 - Pages: 578

Premium Essay

The Deception Point

...Acknowledgments With warm thanks to Jason Kaufman for his superb guidance and insightful editorial skills; Blythe Brown for her tireless research and creative input; my good friend Jake Elwell at Wieser & Wieser; the National Security Archive; the NASA Public Affairs Office; Stan Planton, who continues to be a source for information on all things; the National Security Agency; glaciologist Martin O. Jeffries; and the superb minds of Brett Trotter, Thomas D. Nadeau, and Jim Barrington. Thanks also to Connie and Dick Brown, the U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project, Suzanne O'Neill, Margie Wachtel, Morey Stettner, Owen King, Alison McKinnell, Mary and Stephen Gorman, Dr. Karl Singer, Dr. Michael I. Latz of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, April at Micron Electronics, Esther Sung, the National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Gene Allmendinger, the incomparable Heide Lange at Sanford J. Greenburger Associates, and John Pike at the Federation of American Scientists.   Author's Note The Delta Force, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Space Frontier Foundation are real organizations. All technologies described in this novel exist.   If this discovery is confirmed, it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered. Its implications are as far-reaching and awe-inspiring as can be imagined. Even as it promises answers to some of our oldest questions, it poses still others even more fundamental...

Words: 144424 - Pages: 578

Free Essay

General

...THE STUDENT'S PRACTICAL DICTIONARY ; fNdkoq ; CONTAINING English words with English and Hindi Meanings and Pronunciation in Deva Nagri Character with an Appendix containing Familiar Foreign Words and Phrases and Abbreviations in Common use. FIFTEENTH EDITION Thoroughly Revised,Improved,Enlarged and Illustrated PRICE 3 RUPESS ALLAHABAD RAM NARAIN LAL PUBLISHER AND BOOKSELLER 1936 ISCII text of dictionary taken from from TDIL's ftp: anu.tdil.gov.in pub dict site I N 1.m I Pron 1.m a Det 1.ek, abatement N abbey N 1.kmF, GVtF, GVAv, mdApn, b A, 2.yAg, smAE ag jF vZmAlA kA Tm a"r tTA -vr, 2.tk mphlA kESpt pzq vA -tAv  , aback Adv 1.acAnk, ekAek, 2.pFC  abandon VT 1.CoX  nA, yAg  nA, yAgnA, tjnA, d d 2.EbnA aAj^ nA nOkrF CoXnA, apn kodrAcAr aAEd mCoX  nA,   d ,   nA d d abandoned A 1.CoXA h,aA, Enjn-TAn, 2.EbgXA h,aA, iEdy lolp, lMpV, drAcArF, aAvArA , , abandonment N 1.pZ yAg, sMpZ aAmosg,   EbSkl CoX  nA d , abate VI 1.km honA, GVnA, DFmA honA abate VT 1.km krnA, GVAnA, DFmA krnA, m@ym krnA, rok  nA, smA krnA d 1 1.IsAiyo kA mW, gz\ArA, kVF, mW, , , 2.mht  aADFn sADao kF mXlF k , abbot N 1.mht, mWDArF, mWAEDkArF abbreviate VT 1.km krnA, s" krnA, CoVA krnA, p sAr EnkAlnA abbreviation N 1.s" , GVAv, sAr, lG,!p, skt, p  2.sE" pd yAf, fNd yA pd kA lG!p ^ , abdicate VTI 1.-vQCA s CoXnA, yAg krnA, tjnA,   pd yAg krnA abdication N 1.pd yAg abdomen N 1.X, V, k"F, udr p p , abdominal A 1.udr sMbDF, V kA p abduct VI 1.BgA l jAnA, EnkAl l...

Words: 164153 - Pages: 657

Premium Essay

Life of Pi

...Acclaim for Yann Martel's Life of Pi "Life of Pi is not just a readable and engaging novel, it's a finely twisted length of yarn— yarn implying a far-fetched story you can't quite swallow whole, but can't dismiss outright. Life of Pi is in this tradition—a story of uncertain veracity, made credible by the art of the yarn-spinner. Like its noteworthy ancestors, among which I take to be Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver's Travels, the Ancient Mariner, Moby Dick and Pincher Martin, it's a tale of disaster at sea coupled with miraculous survival—a boys' adventure for grownups." —Margaret Atwood, The Sunday Times (London) "A fabulous romp through an imagination by turns ecstatic, cunning, despairing and resilient, this novel is an impressive achievement. . . . Martel displays the clever voice and tremendous storytelling skills of an emerging master." —Publisher's Weekly (starred review) "[Life of Pi] has a buoyant, exotic, insistence reminiscent of Edgar Allen Poe's most Gothic fiction. . . . Oddities abound and the storytelling is first-rate. Yann Martel has written a novel full of grisly reality, outlandish plot, inventive setting and thought-provoking questions about the value and purpose of fiction." —The Edmonton journal "Martel's ceaselessly clever writing . . . [and] artful, occasionally hilarious, internal dialogue . . . make a fine argument for the divinity of good art." —The Gazette "Astounding and beautiful. . . . The book is a pleasure not only for the subtleties of its philosophy...

Words: 104639 - Pages: 419

Premium Essay

California an Interpretive History - Rawls, James

...CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA An Interpretive History TENTH EDITION James J. Rawls Instructor of History Diablo Valley College Walton Bean Late Professor of History University of California, Berkeley TM TM CALIFORNIA: AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY, TENTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2008, 2003, and 1998. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1234567890 QFR/QFR 10987654321 ISBN: 978-0-07-340696-1 MHID: 0-07-340696-1 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Publisher: Christopher Freitag Sponsoring Editor: Matthew Busbridge Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Editorial Coordinator: Nikki Weissman Project Manager: Erin Melloy Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Cover Designer: Carole Lawson Cover Image: Albert Bierstadt, American (born...

Words: 248535 - Pages: 995

Free Essay

Green

...No. Nama Perguruan Tinggi AKADEMI AKUNTANSI PGRI JEMBER Nama Pengusul Sisda Rizqi Rindang Sari Program Kegiatan Judul Kegiatan 1 PKMK KUE TART CAENIS ( CANTIK, ENAK DAN EKONOMIS) BERBAHAN DASAR TAPE 2 AKADEMI FARMASI KEBANGSAAN Nensi MAKASSAR AKADEMI KEBIDANAN CITRA MEDIKA SURAKARTA AKADEMI KEBIDANAN GIRI SATRIA HUSADA AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO AKADEMI KEPERAWATAN KERTA CENDIKA SIDOARJO Putri Purnamasari PKMK LILIN SEHAT AROMA KURINDU PANCAKE GARCINIA MANGOSTANA ( PANCAKE KULIT MANGGIS ) 3 PKMK 4 Latifah Sulistyowati PKMK Pemanfaatan Potensi Jambu Mete secara Terpadu dan Pengolahannya sebagai Abon Karmelin (Karamel Bromelin) : Pelunak Aneka Jenis Daging Dari Limbah Nanas Yang Ramah Lingkungan, Higienis Dan Praktis PUDING“BALECI”( KERES) MAKANAN BERSERATANTI ASAM URAT 5 Achmad PKMK Zainunddin Zulfi 6 Dian Kartika Sari PKMK 7 Radita Sandia PKMK Selonot Sehat (S2) Diit untuk Penderita Diabetes 8 AKADEMI PEREKAM Agustina MEDIK & INFO KES Wulandari CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Anton Sulistya CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM Eka Mariyana MEDIK & INFO KES Safitri CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Ferlina Hastuti CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM Nindita Rin MEDIK & INFO KES Prasetyo D CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PEREKAM MEDIK & INFO KES Sri Rahayu CITRA MEDIKA AKADEMI PERIKANAN YOGYAKARTA PKMK Kasubi Wingko Kaya Akan Karbohidrat...

Words: 159309 - Pages: 638

Premium Essay

Hia Its Ya Birthdya

...Yann Martel: Life of Pi life of pi A NOVEL author's note This book was born as I was hungry. Let me explain. In the spring of 1996, my second book, a novel, came out in Canada. It didn't fare well. Reviewers were puzzled, or damned it with faint praise. Then readers ignored it. Despite my best efforts at playing the clown or the trapeze artist, the media circus made no difference. The book did not move. Books lined the shelves of bookstores like kids standing in a row to play baseball or soccer, and mine was the gangly, unathletic kid that no one wanted on their team. It vanished quickly and quietly. The fiasco did not affect me too much. I had already moved on to another story, a novel set in Portugal in 1939. Only I was feeling restless. And I had a little money. So I flew to Bombay. This is not so illogical if you realize three things: that a stint in India will beat the restlessness out of any living creature; that a little money can go a long way there; and that a novel set in Portugal in 1939 may have very little to do with Portugal in 1939. I had been to India before, in the north, for five months. On that first trip I had come to the subcontinent completely unprepared. Actually, I had a preparation of one word. When I told a friend who knew the country well of my travel plans, he said casually, "They speak a funny English in India. They like words like bamboozle." I remembered his words as my plane started its descent towards Delhi, so the word bamboozle ...

Words: 105514 - Pages: 423

Free Essay

Test2

...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...

Words: 113589 - Pages: 455