...responses, decisions, and actions. As Sigmond declares, the English tea drinker is “in- capable of appreciating [tea’s] value” (1). What the typical tea drinker fails to recognize, Sigmond suggests, is the crucial role that tea plays in forming the foundation of everyday life. Despite Sigmond’s attempts to rectify the humble status of tea in nineteenth-century English culture, tea has remained a 1 2 introduction relatively unrecognized aspect of Victorian life. Just as Sigmond implies that the beverage’s mundane role precludes the tea drinker from appreciating its importance, the continued significance of tea in twentieth-century British society seems to have prevented scholars from adequately analyzing its role in British culture and national identity. As Anthony Burgess has speculated, “Perhaps tea is so woven into the stomach linings of the British that they cannot view it...
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...the understanding of the biopsychosocial aspects of physical and mental illness, improvement of the health care system and the formulation of health policy (S.E, Taylor, 1995). The main areas of health psychology are stress and coping, health behaviours and issues in health. Health psychologists study such issues and develop interventions to help people stay well or get over illness. For exampleexample, a health psychology researcher might be interested in why adolescents continue to binge drink even though they know that binge drinking increases their risk of cancer and heart disease. Understanding this poor health habit leads to interventions to help adolescents stop binge drinking. The waysways, in which health psychologists try to change the behaviours, the influence of behaviourist such as Skinner and Watson will become apparent. Applying basic behaviourist theories (example classical and operant conditioning) can help adolescents to stop binge drinking and encourage them to eat healthily and live healthy. (Stephen, N. 2015) Heath psychology aims to understand, explainexplain, and ideally predict health and illness behaviour in order that...
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...guideline. Above all, it gives a overall view of alcohol in England and then shows whether the restriction should be done and how extent it should be done. Third, it also analyzes that any government can control advertising. Furthermore, the essay draws a conclusion about the action of alcohol advertising restriction and the government control. England, as a long history of spirits culture approximately 1000 years, has developed a culture of “pub culture”. Local people will go to the pub to have some drinks and chats so as to the annoyance all disappeared. More specifically, the traditional drinking culture has became a rather habits and customs of vital importance. However, the restriction of alcohol advertising was serious in recent years. It’s a question should be considered and discussed. The restriction of alcohol advertisement should be done in a proper extent. The British Medical Association said that Britain should ban all advertising to sell liquor, as well as marketing or promotional activities. (Anaya Mandel, 2010)The limitation of advertising may play a significant role in impacting people, especially some teenagers who may be effected by advertising and some media. Advertising...
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...factor. With the rapid advancement in science, diseases that were incurable, today can be treated and prevented easily. It is a well understood phenomenon that individuals are unique and are characterized by multidimensional behaviours. So in order to achieve positive outcomes in improving one’s health, appropriate behaviour needs to be promoted. There are variations in health-related behaviours in terms of duration, frequency and manner of impact on one’s health. Health-related behaviours can be single actions involving only a primary decision such as taking part in a screening examination for example, mammography and other health-related behaviours which are long-term habits or patterns of behaviour which involve many decisions since they continue over an extended period of time. For example, smoking and dietary habits Health-related behaviours could have a positive or a negative effect on...
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...Alcohol pricing Mulled whines People are drinking less but doing so more harmfully. Policymakers want higher prices—causing a headache for the booze industry Dec 21st 2013 | From the print edition BY DAY tourists flock to Plaza de España in central Madrid to snap photos beside the sculpture of Miguel de Cervantes, author of “Don Quixote”. By night a newer facet of Spanish culture is on display: loitering groups of young people downing plastic bottles of whisky and vodka mixed with Fanta Lemon. The ground is littered with empties. Nearby, three young men help a friend vomiting on the pavement. Such carousing was once rare in Spain. A Mediterranean drinking culture prevailed in which alcohol was taken only with food. That is changing. In Spain and many other rich countries, alcohol intake is becoming a bigger problem—for some groups. Overall, the global consumption of alcohol has been stable since 1990, according to the World Health Organisation. Around half of the planet’s population is teetotal. But those who drink alcohol do so more hazardously. Policymakers are looking for ways to address this. A new and much-watched experiment in Scotland, for example, involves setting a minimum price for each unit of alcohol. Individual consumption peaked in Spain in 1975 but young people are increasingly indulging in the botellón, (literally “big bottle”): drinking outdoors to get drunk. In France, another country with traditionally moderate drinking patterns, a similar trend is emerging....
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...alzheimers.org.uk Eating and drinking People with dementia often experience various problems with eating and drinking. Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important. It can help maintain physical and mental wellbeing. This factsheet looks at the importance of a healthy diet and the difficulties a person with dementia may have with eating and drinking. It will also look at some practical ways to help a person with dementia eat and drink well. The importance of eating and drinking Eating and drinking well is important to stay healthy. A healthy and varied diet is likely to improve a person’s quality of life. Not eating enough can lead to weight loss and other problems including vulnerability to infection, reduced muscle strength and fatigue. People with dementia may become dehydrated if they are unable to communicate or recognise that they are thirsty, or if they forget to drink. This can lead to headaches, increased confusion, urinary tract infection and constipation. These can worsen the symptoms of dementia. While a healthy, balanced diet is important, in late-stage dementia the priority should be making sure the person with dementia takes on nutrition, and a higher-calorie diet may be appropriate. A dietitian can advise on what is best in a particular situation. 1 Weight loss Weight loss is common in people with dementia, although the causes vary. They may include lack of appetite, difficulties cooking, problems with communicating or recognising hunger, poor co-ordination...
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...Within in this essay I will be looking at three different approaches to health education, explaining two models of behaviour change that have been used in recent health education campaigns, and assessing how the social context may influence the ability of health education campaigns to change behaviour in relation to health. Health promotion involves doing things to prevent disease and to improve individual and community’s health. Health promotion offers solutions to many of the health problems facing society such as obesity, lack of exercise and smoking though developing skills and knowledge, community action, supportive environments, healthy public policy and health services. Health promotion helps individuals or communities to increase control over and improve their health and wellbeing. The features of health promotion are that it is based on a holistic view of health; it uses participatory approaches it focuses on the determinants and addressing of health not just health problems and conditions. These include the social, behavioural, environmental and economic conditions that are the root cause of poor health, wellbeing and illness such as education, income, employment, working conditions, social status. Health promotion builds on existing strengths and assets and it uses multiple, complementary approaches to promote health for the individual, community and population as a whole. There are three main approaches to health education. The approaches have been used to as a...
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...Nowadays, people have right to travel and study abroad wherever they are welcomed. This means human beings have a primary human right to mobility not only across states but also across nations. As a new country, Australia values the riches of cultural diversity and community sophistication, and all religions are accepted. This is a vibrant multicultural society to the world, and it has a rich and complex migrant history. Culture comprises of values, beliefs, moral laws, customs and habits. Interaction between cultures is the place of argument and change. Today, Australia is also one of the countries that attract contemporary travelers to visit either for working, studying and pleasure. This trend encourages not only the growth of economy but the improvement for tourism, hospitality and events as well. I would like to share some of my personal experiences of Australian culture since I first came to Sydney for studying advanced diploma 3 years ago. As a Vietnamese student, when I come to Sydney, this multi culture country is totally different from Vietnam. I have been living there for about 3 years, I realize that Australian people also known as Aussies are very friendly, polite and they are speaking English as their first language. The first thing I was shocked is the fact that some teenagers use 2 fingers to make “V” symbol with their tongue but it is not like “Victory” like in Vietnam or United States, it is a really bad meaning in sexual way. In Vietnam, when someone invites...
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...a legally imposed price floor that must be set above the market equilibrium to have any effect. In most cases, the reason for setting a price floor is to ensure that suppliers receive a price that is considered fair, but in the case of alcohol the intentions are different. The setting of a minimum price would in fact be to solve the market failure of demerit goods – where too much of a product is consumed because of information failure in the economy. In Figure 1.0, the effects of a minimum price setting can be seen on a diagram. If the price is set at P2, there will be excess supply equal to Q3-Q1. This is because the above equilibrium price causes demand to contract and supply to expand. If an ideal world consisted of nobody binge drinking, a minimum price setting would certainly go some way to delivering such perfection, as is seen by the contraction of demand in Figure 1.0. However, the stopping of excessive consumption could not be guaranteed, as consumer behaviour is not always accurately portrayed by the theoretical model that is a demand and supply diagram. Tim Martin, founder of JD Weatherspoon raised a point to consider when being interviewed by the BBC on the topic. He suggested that consumers would be more than willing to go abroad to binge on alcohol in a country where a minimum price is not in place. This raises just one example of a floor in Figure 1.0. The theory behind the diagram presumes that consumers are restricted to a domestic market where the minimum...
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...an army and along with the Green Mountain boys and Ethan Allen he successfully took Fort Ticonderoga. Arnold was also the man who sold his allegiance to the enemy ( the British) for 20,000 pounds! Benedict Arnold was notoriously known for being a traitor during the American Revolution was born Norwich, Connecticut to a wealthy family, but was later left bankrupt due to his fathers carless drinking habit, making Benedict Arnold more or less a self-made man. His...
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...Cappuccino Wars II 1. Why have coffee bars been so popular with consumers in the UK? Before the coffee fever got to the UK, tea was preferred by many, and that habit came from Europe. But while the UK was drinking tea, USA conquered a new warm drink, the coffee. This new coffee culture was grounded in USA, but got quickly to UK. It all started with an explosion with coffee bars on UK high streets. Seattle Coffee Company opened in 1995 and their purpose was to serve the British good quality coffee. These coffee shops are seen as a “bit of heaven”. The consumers can in these coffee shops relax in comfortable couches, relaxing surroundings and enjoy a nice cup of coffee in the middle time. All this appeals too many British, especially young singles and high earners, and going to these coffee shops has a form for high class that is very coveted by young high earned workers. 2. You are considering visiting a coffee bar for the first time. What would influence your choice of coffee bar to visit? Is this likely to be a high- or low-involvement decision? If I were considering visiting a coffee shop for the first time, my influence would probably be a high involvement decision. The first thing I would consider is which coffee bar is placed. If there for example were placed a coffee shop in Birkerød and one in Copenhagen I would choose Copenhagen, because Copenhagen has more prestige and class than Birkerød. The second thing I would consider is the surroundings of...
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...privileges given to 18 year olds, why not allow them to consume alcohol? Lowering the age limit to 18 is a great idea that can be a benefit for many. It teaches young adults to be responsible; “The majority of the people around the world who are introduced to alcohol at an early age and learn to drink appropriately (often at home, with food and in the company of family) continued to drink responsibly and rarely get drunk, so that drinking poses no threat to themselves or others” (Heath, 2000); it helps the government build a better infrastructure by taxing the alcohol consumed by these young people and finally, it is just plain fair. Our youth can kill for our country but they are not allowed to take a sip of alcohol? It is a double standard that should be eliminated. According to the Andrea C Nakaya, “National beer sales alone pull in $30 billion in taxes. The beer industry in the U.S. spends $1.36 billion in advertising annually, employs 1.78 million people and pays $54 billion in wages and benefits. These numbers are even greater when the drinking age is lowered” (Nakaya, 72). The more people consume these alcoholic beverages the more money that could be raised for the...
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...difficult to breath and can lead to death. It is mainly caused by smoking usually starts in your 40s effecting a massive three million people in the UK. Smoking also contributes to a load of other diseases such as heart disease, stroke and multiple cancers. Most of the patients I talk to who have these conditions used to smoke (although not all). However with conditions such as these lots of other factors play their part, such as eating too much fat, being overweight, and not exercising;so you can’t say smoking is the only cause (even though it definitely played a part) As a medical Professional what is your view on smoking? This is a tricky question as I have been an occasional smoker in the past, having completely kicked the habit this year. I used to think it was slightly cool (despite the government warnings). However since seeing so many patients needing a machine to breath, due to smoking, I’ve changed my mind. From a scientific point, smoking is one of the worst things you can do to your body as unlike other legal substance (alcohol included) even a little amount is bad for your health and increases your chances of dying (if not early then in a more horrible way). As a medical professional do you think that the NHS should pay for the treatment of smoking related diseases? Hmm very controversial question, especially with budgets needing to be cut and waiting times increasing for everyone. However, I think it’s...
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... Abstract Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity, accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and related concerns have justified special restrictions on alcoholic-beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on consumption and its consequences. Economics has also provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes. Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most important contribution by economists has been the repeated demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol (and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when alcohol-beverage prices are increased. Important econometric challenges remain, including the search for a satisfactory resolution to the conflicting results on the effect of price changes on consumption by consumers who tend to drink heavily. There are also unresolved puzzles about the relationship between drinking and productivity;...
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...The Effects of Raising or Lowering the Legal Drinking Age The debate about whether the legal drinking age should be raised or lowered is a common debate in the public domain. The decision on what age one begins drinking is determined by various factors which involve the gene combination of the person and the immediate environment around the person (Vingilis and Smart 415). For instance, the changes that adolescents go through in their biology and physiology can influence the age at which they start drinking alcohol. The behavior of a child influences his environment as the child gets to make friends and these influence the age at which the child can start to experiment with alcohol. Raising or lowering the legal drinking age is bound to raise major concerns. This will be a major concern for parents whose children are directly affected by the issue. Likewise, adolescents and youth are bound to get affected thus they are likely to engage in this debate too (Vingilis and Smart 415). Raising the legal drinking age lowers death rate. According to Mothers against Drunk Driving (MADD) and Congress members who met to mark the 20th anniversary of passing of a federal law that rose the minimum legal drinking age to 21, about 20,000 lives were saved through the passing of the law (MADD). The law signed in July 17, 1984 by the then President Reagan set the minimum drinking age as 21. An estimate by MADD approximates that underage drinking kills 6,000 people every year through traffic...
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