...__________________________________________________________________________________ PGCE - Citizenship Will the Requirement to Teach Fundamental British Values Have A Detrimental Effect on the Perception of the Value of Citizenship Education? Module 2 Word Count – 3696 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1 __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 __________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract This essay looks back at the development of citizenship education and Britain’s position as one of the last democratic countries of the western world to introduce the subject into its National Curriculum. Since its introduction as a statutory subject in 2002 it has been beset by a lack of content, clarity and identity leading to a perception of low status by teachers and pupils alike. The “light touch” implementation by the government of the day has contributed to its lack of standing against other National Curriculum subjects. It is in danger of being perceived as a political “Clothes Horse” for the government to use to promote fundamental British values as a means of countering extremism and radicalisation. This essay contends that the requirement to teach fundamental British values as part of citizenship education will have a detrimental...
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...1. Why does the globalized world demand more foreign contacts than ever? . “A globalized world demands more foreign contacts than even Britain has experienced in the past. Strength of the economy, security of the nation, safety of people against organized crimes, the health of the environment. 2. What does it mean to be ”secure in our British identity” (page 38, line 8)? How may this increase the chances to British success in the world? This secure and confidence is important for the inner strength it gives a country/Britain in the conduct of business with others and the development of the country. 3. In what ways has Britain been unusually open to external influence throughout history? 4. Explain the negative ideas of immigration. What does it mean that Britain is said to be under siege and in a state of terminal decline(p.19.l4-5) What ideas of British national history, culture and identity is Robin Cook speaking against? The arrival of immigrants who didn’t shared their cultural values and didn’t support or understood the English cricket. The membership of EU - England as “a country called Europe” . The devolution of the power – seen as a stop to the break-up of the UK. 5. In What ways is immigration a necessity for a modern developed country, according to Cook? The pluralism is an immense asset that contributes to the cultural and economic vitality of the nation. It is necessary and unavoidable for at aconomic success. Every country needs firm...
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...people like the Royal Family. However due to immigration, Britain is now a multicultural country with people all over the world. This makes it harder and problematic to define ‘Britishness.’ Firstly defining ‘Britishness’ can be problematic because some people may have a British passport but that doesn’t mean that they are British. This is because they may have a different mother tongue other than English and most importantly they are brought up differently with different culture and tradition. Secondly there is no law that restricts or stops you from being citizens in more than one country. This makes it even harder because this person could choose depending on how they feel. Thirdly this person may live in the United Kingdom but for some reasons they don’t want to be here or even meant to be here such as refugees or asylum seekers. This makes it hard to define Britishness because although they are in the country but that doesn’t mean they are part of this country. Lastly a person who is stereotypically white and can speak English doesn’t necessarily mean that they are British. This makes it hard to define ‘Britishness’ because English is a widely spoken language around the world. So many people can speak fluent English, not just people in United Kingdom can. To conclude, defining ‘Britishness’ is problematic because of the reasons I have stated above. Having a British passport doesn’t mean that you’re British. Speaking English doesn’t mean you’re British. Being...
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...questions. Your answers should refer to the text, and should also show your knowledge of the British society. 1) 'Chicken masala speech': explain this title 2) What are the arguments of those who think that 'British identity is under siege'? According to your knowledge of British history, how can their point of view be justified? 3) Explain and discuss what the Foreign Secretary means when he says that' It is not their purity that makes the British unique, but the pluralism of their ancestry.' 4) What is the message of the text? Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech Extracts from a speech by Robin Cook, the Foreign Secretary, to the Social Market Foundation in London The Guardian, Thursday 19 April 2001 Tonight I want to celebrate Britishness. As Foreign Secretary I see every day the importance of our relations with foreign countries to the strength of our economy, to the security of our nation, to the safety of our people against organised crime, even to the health of our environment. A globalised world demands more foreign contacts than even Britain has experienced in the past. 5~ I also know that we are likely to make our way more successfully in the world if we are secure in our British identity, and confident about its future. (...). Sadly, it has become fashionable for some to argue that British identity is under siege~ perhaps even in a state of terminal decline. The .threat is said to come in three forms. First, the arrival of immigrants who, allegedly, do not share...
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...Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech Extracts from a speech by the foreign secretary to the Social Market Foundation in London Robin Cook Thursday April 19, 2001 Tonight I want to celebrate Britishness. As Foreign Secretary I see every day the importance of our relations with foreign countries to the strength of our economy, to the security of our nation, to the safety of our people against organised crime, even to the health of our environment. A globalised world demands more foreign contacts than even Britain has experienced in the past. I also know that we are likely to make our way more successfully in the world if we are secure in our British identity, and confident about its future. That security and confidence is important for the inner strength it gives us in our conduct of business with others. I want to argue the case why we can be confident about the strength and the future of British identity. Sadly, it has become fashionable for some to argue that British identity is under siege, perhaps even in a state of terminal decline. The threat is said to come in three forms. First, the arrival of immigrants who, allegedly, do not share our cultural values and who fail to support the England cricket team. Few dare to state this case explicitly, but it is the unmistakable subliminal message. Second, our continued membership of the European Union, which is said to be absorbing member states into ‘a country called Europe’. Third, the devolution of...
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...Dossier #6 TRADITION AND MODERNITY “The sun never sets on the British Empire. "This famous quote is often used to show the large number of territories that Britain had all over the world during the seventeenth to the middle of the twentieth century. By extension, this also shows the scope of its influencel. The first of this set of three documents is the opening speech to the 2012 Olympic Games given by Academy Award winner film director Danny Boyles under whose direction the whole programme fell. At first sight Boyle’s text seem somewhat unrelated to the Olympics as it seems rather like a tribute to Britain and we get the impression that he was on a mission of patriotism lauding Britain as a great country. However, to put this speech into perspective it may be worthwhile to bear in mind the fact that, as mandated by the Olympic Charter, the formal ceremonial opening of this international sporting event is combined with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation’s culture. We can therefore understand the relevance of the contents of this opening speech. In fact, the different sections of the ceremony were designed to reflect aspects of British history and culture. Document 2 is the 2006 logo of the British Conservatist party. The previous logo of a torch which was used from 1983 until then was abandoned because of its negative association with the party under Margaret Thatcher. The torch emblem logo having been introduced in the Iron Lady’s eighties heyday, David...
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...identity. Areas such as immigration rates, the end of the British Empire and economic decline are all prime examples of this. And I will examine these areas in detail to show why being British isn't as highly thought of as it once was. Firstly the rate of immigration in Britain has risen to unbelievably high levels in recent years. In 2001 the population of Britain was 87% white British and by 2001, just ten years this had fallen to just 80%. Also between 2004 and 2006 over half a million Eastern Europeans immigrated to Britain. This doesn't fall in with the “new right” view on what Britishness is. This view came about in the 1960's and people who shared this view believed that Britain was an island, separate from Europe which should have people with the same identity, basically that everyone should be white. Margaret Thatcher was among those who had this view and she was everything that epitomised Britishness and national identity during her reign as prime minister. As immigration was becoming a problem for the Government, they came up with ways of restricting people entering the country because British people felt that they were too many immigrants and that they changing the culture of Britain etc. Due to the British Nationality Act, 1948, at least a quarter of the world's population was eligible to own a British passport. Due to the major influx of immigrants during the late 1940's and 1950's, the Government came up with things such as the Commonwealth Immigration Act, 1968 and the...
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...religion and culture. They can't figure out which rules to go by because Britishness is a hazy thing and that makes it hard to fit in. Guarding British Soil: It's an online article about British immigration and how they are inspired by the Australian-style point-based immigration system. The British government suggests that the immigrants are being put into tiers depending on their qualifications. My Son The Fanatic: It’s a story about a father and a son with different opinions on adapting to the western culture. The son is a Muslim who holds on to his ethnical background and the father is fully integrated in the western civilisation. Ae Fond Kiss: It’s a movie about an Indian man (Casim) and a Scottish woman (Roissin) who fall in love but Casim’s Muslim background is an obstacle in the relationship between the two. Girl: The short story “Girl” is written by Hanif Kureishi deals with the popular topic love. Both in terms of Nicole and her mother, but also between Nicole and her older boyfriend Majid. Majid is Indian man whereas Nicole as well as her mothers is from the suburbs of London. 2) * Interracial relationships * Immigration * Integration * Point system * Arranged marriages * Cultural clash * Ethnical backgrounds * Discrimination/Stereotyping of Muslims * Diversity * Adapting to British culture * To be bound by religion * Britishness is a hazy thing * Dominating and authoritative male figures *...
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...My Son the Fanatic My Son the Fanatic is a short story written by Hanif Kureishi. It was originally published in The New Yorker in 1994. The story is about a Pakistani father-son relationship. It deals with Islamic fundamentalism in second-generation immigrants. Parvez, the father, is a Pakistani immigrant living in England. He is working as a taxi driver and has embraced the western way of living. He drinks with his colleagues, he eats pork for breakfast and as part of his regular clientele he drives around prostitutes. Throughout the short story you get the impression that Parvez no longer can identify himself with his Islamic upbringing. His son, Ali, seems to also embrace the lifestyle of his British peers. Parvez refers to Ali as a gifted cricket and soccer player. He also has a talent for swimming and a bright future in accounting. However all is not as it seems; Parvez is growing more and more concerned with his sons obvious change in behavior. The taxi driver speaks with his colleagues and to Bettina, a prostitute that has become his friend, about his sons changing behavior. As the story progresses it becomes clear that all of Parvez’s “dreams of doing well in England” dissipate when Ali confess that he is disgusted with his father’s neglect of the Muslim culture and religion. Increasingly disturbed by his sons religious fundamentalism and contempt for the western world he seeks to confront him. The story concludes with this confrontation. My Son the Fanatic is set...
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...Essay on Ed Milliband Speech Great Britain has always been a centre of unification. The name United Kingdom doesn’t just have a literal meaning, but also a symbolic one that stretches centuries back. There was a common saying once " The sun never sets on the British empire". It was no exaggeration because the British Empire was so large that at least some part of it was in daylight. These were days when the kingdom was unified through trade and colonization. Today, a lot fewer of these countries are united in government and those that are, are now called citizens of the UK. The UK consists of 4 countries, which speak the language but culture-wise have many differences. Despite the differences, all the citizens of Scotland, Northern-Ireland, England and Wales can or should call themselves British. In Ed Millibands speech, he describes this idea of unification as beautiful and compelling and sees no reason for it to end any time soon. He implores the English (Scottish) citizens to include a great deal of British heritage into their individual conception of identity. The question whether or not Scotland should stay members of this United Kingdom or become an independent nation has been contemplated for a long time. In 2012 the SNP (Scottish National Party) announces their plan to initiate a referendum or public vote in 2014, regarding Scotland’s independence. Ed Milliband (then) leader of the Labour party, in June 2012 through a speech attempts to influence the Scottish people...
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...Editorial from Hanna Cho The text ,,Chicken Tikka Massala‘‘ is an extract from a speech given by Robin Cook on 19th April, 2001 and deals with the topic of Britishness, reflecting different aspects of multiculturalism. Cook starts off with the statement that the British are not a race, but a group of countless different races. Then he goes on talking about the history of Britain and mentions several ethnic groups that had an impact on Britain. For example, he mentions Richard the Lionheart, who spoke French most of the time and was financially backed up by the Jewish community. Cook thinks that Multiculturalism is a precious asset which contributes to every part of life in Britain. Not only the economy but also the cultural horizons and lifestyle are influenced. For this, Cook cites the Chicken Tikka Massala as an example. It is originally from India but was adapted and modified by the British. On the one hand I agree with him that multiculturalism can contribute to the British society. A society with many different cultures enables us to learn from people with other heritages. We can exchange experiences and broaden our mind, which will contribute to the intellectual improvement of our society. On the other hand I would like to take a couple of problems into consideration. The cultural identity of a country could be weakened due to the impact of the immigrants. It is a pity if the tradition of the host country might diminish under the influence of foreign...
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...Sinem KELEŞ THE CONCEPT OF IDENDTITY IN ‘KİM’ About the Writer of the ‘KİM’ and the novel Rudyard Kipling, writer of the novel, is a British writer from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He acquired great fame with his novel which is notable for detailed depiction of the culture and people of India. It is described as a picaresque novel in which the adventures of the main characters are told. Kim is an orphan son of a British soldier. One day, he meets a Tibetian Lama who is in search of the River of the Arrow and becomes his chela. Incidentally, the priest of the regiment which his father is the member of it, identifies him and sends him to an English school. Then, Kim sets out on a journey with Lama who is in search of the River of Arrow. Meanwhile, Lama gets into a conflict with Russian agents. So, the Lama realizes that he should search for the river of the Arrow in other place, not in the mountains. Then, Kim summit the secret documents to the required people and the Lama finds his river and manage to reach Enlightenment. It is an adventure story of a boy who is seeking for his place in his country while he is trying to find an identity for himself. “The novel develops along two interconnecting threads of Kim‘s life from age thirteen to seventeen: his adventures as he traverses India both as the servant of Teshoo Lama, a Tibetan monk, and as a spy-in-training for the British government, and his eventual hand in saving British...
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...What is diaspora? - To scatter - Bringing together old ideas – about diaspora - with new notions of ‘transnationalism’, ‘hybridity’ and ‘integration’ - And language. - What are the ‘traditional types’ of diaspora – victim, labour and imperial, trade and business, deterritorialised diasporas - what other (newer) forms are there? Economic, political (EU border issues). More modern notions that might not ‘fit’ traditional ideas of ‘diaspora’. Even the word seems rather outdated now? - Diaspora/transnational communities – relationships in the ‘hostland’, relationships with the ‘homeland’ – transnationalism and integration in the homeland TYPES Victim Labour Imperial Trade Deterritorialised New ideas Characteristics of diaspora: key features they have in common - Dispersal: - Or – Expansion - Memory of homeland – idealisation of home. - Idealisation of the ancestral homeland – - Development of a return movement to the homeland – transnationalism. - A strong ethnic group consciousness – based on distinctiveness, common history, common cultural and religious heritage - ‘troubled’ relationship with host societies – integration – suggesting a lack of acceptance: Mazzucato research below. - empathy with co-ethnic members in other countries of settlement. Aided by electronic communication, Skype, email, facebook, cheap phone calls, cheap flights. - possibility of a distinctive...
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...Post-National Enquiries Post-National Enquiries: Essays on Ethnic and Racial Border Crossings Edited by Jopi Nyman Post-National Enquiries: Essays on Ethnic and Racial Border Crossings, Edited by Jopi Nyman This book first published 2009 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2009 by Jopi Nyman and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-0593-9, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-0593-3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................................................... vii Chapter One................................................................................................. 1 Introduction Jopi Nyman Part I: Crossing Racial Boundaries Chapter Two ................................................................................................ 8 Between Camps: Paul Gilroy and the Dilemma of “Race” Tuire Valkeakari Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 30 Breaking the Apartheid: Blocking Actors of Color in Globalized Multicultural...
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...Introduction The social construction of the “Muslim race” has influenced the racialisation of the community on the basis of their Muslim identity. The racialisation process has been exacerbated by the recent terror attacks in France and Belgium, resulting in the unjust attachment of these acts to the Muslim community. Anti-Muslim racism is now the predominant form of racism in Britain, manifesting itself on an institutional and individual level (Mahamadille, 2005). This essay aims to discuss the reality of anti-Muslim racism in Britain through processes of racialisation and through manifestations of anti-Muslim hostility and discrimination. But first emphasis is placed on how “the Muslim race” has become socially constructed by mainstream British society. Social Construction of “Muslim Race” Social constructionists share the belief that categorisation on the basis of biologically transmitted traits is a pseudo that traditionally was used to justify the unequal treatment of certain groups by others (mainly relating to skin colour) (Machery, 2005). Biology, religion and culture merely provide the materials from which we socially construct the ideas of difference and community. Scholars now widely believe that race is socially constructed as opposed to biologically based (Bonilla, 1997). The “Muslim Race” is arguably the greatest example of a socially constructed race in recent times. Despite major differences in skin colour, nationality and culture, the Muslim community have...
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