...Thesis Statement Writing Tuesday, Jun. 8th 2010 Before you familiarize yourself with thesis statement writing, you need to know what the statement is in the first place. This sentence basically sums up your main objective for writing the term paper, creates a simple guide for the reader and provides the basis for your argument. All in all thesis statement writing is quite simple, as long as you keep some tips and techniques in mind. The first thing you need to do is put together one question which is only possible if you compress the entire thesis. A great way to do this is examine the main topic and create a question out of it. It will give you a basic idea of what the statement should look like and how you should answer that question. The first sentence should introduce the topic and the objective and the next few should spell out how you plan to support your argument. Thesis statement writing, therefore, is about asking yourself the fundamental question that forms the essence of your paper. When you are done writing the statement, step back and examine in from another point of view to determine whether it is strong or weak. A strong statement is one which sparkles with confidence and focuses on one and only one aspect of the issue. This means that you can’t be vague or off-hand about the topic. If you have selected a theme, you should be ready to stand up for it- now is not the time to be diplomatic or meek. In addition to that, it should also spell out the basis for...
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...ASTHMA CHRISTOPHER RUBIO UNIVERSITY OF PHOENIX According to Webmd.com “Asthma makes breathing difficult for more than 34 million Americans.” Asthma is a non-curable Repertory disorder in which the passage way that air flowing in and out of the lungs narrows, this causes wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. This narrowing of the wind pipe is a temporary problem is reversible. In some severe cases of asthma death may be a result. Asthma is simply an inflammation of the airway. Other terms associated with asthma are Bronchial asthma and Cardiac asthma. Cardiac asthma develops when there is a buildup of fluid in the. Of the 34 million American who suffer from asthma five million of these cases are in children under age 18. NHS.UK Says that it’s a possibility “If you are diagnosed with asthma as a child, the symptoms may disappear during your teenage years.” Asthma claims 5,500 deaths each year in the United States alone. It can occur in both male in female and has no specific age that it targets. Asthma also has not specific age group, ethnicity, or social level that it targets. However asthma is known to be more common in Poor neighborhoods with cold climate. From 1982 to 1994 asthma increased about 60 percent affecting more children than adults. Even the deaths related to asthma increased about 50 % from 1979-1992. There are some scientists who believe that this increase is due increase second hand smoking exposure, polluted...
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...SAMPLE I-SEARCH PAPER LIVING WITH ASTHMA What I Already Knew / What I Wanted to Know “Well, Annie, it looks like you have asthma,” our family physician informed me. I could not believe what I was hearing. I thought that I had been suffering from a very stubborn cold. Questions started going through my head as I listened to Dr. Davis explain my condition. I’m in high school. Aren’t I too old to get asthma now? How can I stay on the softball team? Will I still be able to go on camping and hiking trips with my family? I already knew that asthma is a chronic disease which affects the lungs and that certain medications help control the number and severity of asthma episodes. (That’s when the coughing and wheezing start.) I didn’t know much more than that. I needed to know more about what might trigger an asthma episode. Will I be able to keep up with other players on the softball team? Are there certain types of trees and plants that I should avoid? After much pleading and negotiating on my part, my parents had finally agreed that our family could have a dog. Will I be able to live with it? I made a list of the things I needed to know. From that list, I was able to form my research question: Can I effectively manage my asthma? Later, I was able to form an answer. The Story of My Search My search took about three weeks. I began my research by doing some background reading in the Encarta online encyclopedia. That site provided a definition of the...
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...ARTICLE IN PRESS Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 59 (2007) 105–114 www.elsevier.de/etp Comparative ultrastructural analyses of platelets and fibrin networks using the murine model of asthma E. PretoriusÃ, O.E. Ekpo, E. Smit Department of Anatomy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, BMW Building, P.O. Box 2034, Pretoria 0001, South Africa Received 10 October 2006; accepted 13 February 2007 Abstract The murine Balb/c asthma model has been used successfully for a number of in vivo immunological applications and for testing novel therapeutics, and it is a reliable, clinically relevant facsimile of the human disease. Here we investigate whether this model can be used to study other components of the human body, e.g. ultrastrucure. In particular, we investigate the effect of the phytomedicine Euphorbia hirta (used to treat asthma), on the ultrastructure of fibrin as well as platelets, cellular structures that both play an important role in the coagulation process. Hydrocortisone is used as positive control. Ultrastructure of the fibrin networks and platelets of control mice were compared to mice that were asthmatic, treated with two concentrations of hydrocortisone and one concentration of the plant material. Results indicate control mice possess major, thick fibers and minor thin fibers as well as tight round platelet aggregates with typical pseudopodia formation. Minor fibers of asthmatic mice have a netlike appearance covering...
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...Kevin Robertson Engl 1301.41 Bennie J. Brown May 1, 2012 Why Marijuana should be legalized In society today, Marijuana is looked down upon because it is considered a drug and controlled substance. Most people don’t realize the positive effects that marijuana can have on a person struggling with the side effects of cancer treatment such as chemotherapy. Marijuana has also shown that people who have a hard time eating or keeping food down are finding it easier to eat due to marijuana. Stress can be caused by anything from school to life at home, therefore making marijuana the perfect substance to “ease ones mind” and take their mind off of the stress they are dealing with. Although marijuana is illegal, marijuana should be legalized because studies have shown that marijuana, helps relieve side effects of cancer treatment, eating disorders and stress. Since marijuana's first recorded use dating back five thousand years ago, it has never gained much popularity until the last century with prohibition and antiwar movements. Now, more than ever, propositions to legalize the plant have risen and been subject to controversy and heated debate. Marijuana is the most widely used drug in the United States and considered to be the most harmful by the government with its anti-marijuana stance and laws aimed at controlling its use. With marijuana use rapidly growing, the United States national debt has never been so high, and the search for seemingly 'incurable' diseases raging...
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...Organic Chemistry I Research Paper on Pseudoephedrine By: Natalie Roberts Jennifer Dargis Nakeesha Longeley Pseudoephedrine is a phenylethylamine which is utilized as a pharmaceutical product. It has the official IUPAC name of (1S,2S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol, and the CAS number of 90-82-4. Psuedoephedrine contains three functional groups: amine, hydroxyl, and ethyl in its ring; it also has one stereogenic carbon. The enantiomer of pseudoephedrine is ephedrine, and this substance can form two other diastereomers as well. Pseudoephedrine contains covalent bonds (both and double) and hydrogen bonds. A two-dimensional and three-dimensional structure are given below. [pic] [pic] Psuedoephedrine is also synthesized in various ways, sometimes with methods that add an amide to its structure in order to alter its medicinal effect. One of the most efficient techniques for synthesizing pseudoephedrine is given below: [pic] Reagents and conditions: (i) (CH2O)n, PTSA, benzene, reflux, 1 h; (ii) 1 equiv. NaBH4, MeOH, 2 h; (iii) PhMgBr, THF, 0°C–rt, 3 h; (iv) (CH2O)n, PTSA, benzene, reflux, 1 h; (v) NaCNBH3/TMSCl, CH3CN, rt, 30 min; (vi) conc. HCl, reflux, 2 h Pseudoephedrine is originally obtained as an alkaloid from the Oriental plant genus of Ephedra; as shown above, however, it can also be prepared artificially. The most common method of creating pseudoephedrine today is from yeast fermentation of dextrose in the presence of benzaldehyde. Typically...
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...XXXX-XXXXX XXXXXXXXX RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON CLINICAL DETERIORATION Assignment NUR2100 Due date: April 29, 2013 Computer word count: 1,913 XXXX-XXXXX XXXXXXXXX RECOGNIZING AND ACTING ON CLINICAL DETERIORATION Introduction Nursing has always been a profession that embraces diversity towards rendering holistic patient care. However, with the constant changes in nursing practice; patient safety has been at risk due to nurse’s competence towards detecting impending patient deterioration that may lead to further complications or even death. It is said that the most important practical lesson that can be given to nurses, is to teach them what to observe (Nightingale 1969). Having the ability to observe and interpret critical situations are the essential key features applied in clinical practice. Effective observation of ward patients is the first step in identifying the deteriorating patient and effectively managing their care (Odell, Victor & Oliver 2009, p. 1993). Studies have shown that poor vital sign recording, lack of knowledge, failure to respond to abnormal signs, lack of knowledge, lack of supervision and failure to report deterioration or seek advice, have all contributed to the suboptimal care of ward patients (Odell, Victor & Oliver, cited in McGloin et al. 1999; McQuilla et al. 1998; Smith & Wood 1998; Hodgetts et al. 2002, p. 1993). With constant observation established, patient safety is implemented and surveillance is then incorporated to be able to...
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...Carcinogens………………………………………………………………………. 1. Carbon Monoxide……………………………………………………………… 2. Cyanide……………………………………………………………………….... IV. TYPES OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………….. A. Mainstream Smoke………………………………………………………………… B. Sidestream Smoke…………………………………………………………………. C. Thirdhand Smoke………………………………………………………………….. V. EFFECTS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………………………. A. Cancers…………………………………………………………………………… 1. LungCancer………………………………………………………………….. 2. Breast Cancer ……………………………………………………………….. B. Effects in Cardiovascular System………………………………………………… 1. Coronary Heart Disease……………………………………………………… 2. Stroke…………………………………………………………………………. 3. Other Heart Disease………………………………………………………….. C. Effects in Respiratory System…………………………………………………….. 1. Asthma………………………………………………………………………... 2. Irritation of Respiratory Tract………………………………………………… D. Effects in Neurological System……………………………………………………. 1. Dementia………………………………………………………………………. E. Effects During Pregnancy…………………………………………………………. F. Effects to Children…………………………………………………………………. 1. Respiratory Health…………………………………………………………….. 2. Middle Ear Disease……………………………………………………………. 3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)………………………………………… VI. PREVENTING THE DANGERS OF SECONDHAND SMOKE……………………………. A. Use of Electronic Cigarette……………………………………………………………….. B. Production of Smoking Cessation Aids………………………………………………….. C. Total Smoking...
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...What is hypnosis? Aileen McCartney Hypnotherapy and Counselling Skills – Year One - Module One MAIDS1A 12 Word Count: 1984 Tutor: Karen Martin Hypnosis is a well known subject to most people, very often through the drama of the stage or television hypnotist. However, the hypnotic trance is a natural phenomenon that most people will have experienced personally, whether aware of it at the time or not. An example of this might be driving a car along a regular route and arriving at the destination with no memory of the journey, having performed the activity safely and reliably while in another sense being quite detached from the experience. This altered level of consciousness is the starting point for the hypnotic process through an induction which focuses on relaxation, inner experiences, feelings and imagery (Heap & Naish, 2012: 7). It is generally accepted that hypnosis is a different experience to that of being awake or being asleep but debate remains over its true nature within academic and scientific circles (Karle & Boys, 2010:14). This essay will discuss the nature of hypnosis, focusing on the psychological and physical aspects while touching on the role of relaxation. Hypnosis is a complex psychological phenomenon and one which is difficult to find an agreed definition for. Indeed the American Psychological Association definition of hypnosis in 2003 is almost 300 words long but centres around hypnosis being a procedure of suggestions where...
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...Introduction Air pollution is the presence in the atmosphere of harmful gases, liquids, or solids. Air pollution is caused by a number of different types of pollutants. The first type, particulate matter, consists of solid and liquid aerosols suspended in the atmosphere. These arise from the burning of coal and from industrial processes. It hastens the erosion of building materials and the corrosion of metals, interferes with the human respiratory system, and brings toxic materials into the body. The small particles cause chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, emphysema and lung cancer. The second type is sulfur oxides, which come from the burning of coal and industrial processes. Damage to materials, to vegetation, and to the human respiratory system are caused by the acid nature of oxides. The third type of pollutant is carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odourless, tasteless gas against which humans have no protection. Haemoglobin, which is in the blood, combines with carbon monoxide and carries less oxygen to body tissues causing health and heart effects. Some health problems come from the exhaust fumes leaking into the interior of the automobile. Several hundred Americans die from CO poisoning each year. The fourth type is hydrocarbons, which are chemical, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons also arise from gasoline-powered vehicles and from industrial processes. Hydrocarbons are released when fuel in the engine burns partially....
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...Mouna Mawloud Professor Orticelli AC 101 B February 28th, 2012 Legalizing Marijuana Since marijuana's first recorded use dating back five thousand years ago, it has never gained much popularity until the last century with prohibition and antiwar movements. Now, more than ever, propositions to legalize the plant have risen and been subject to controversy and heated debate. Marijuana is the most widely used drug in the United States and considered to be the most harmful by the government with its anti-marijuana stance and laws aimed at curtailing its use. With marijuana use rapidly growing, the United States national debt has never been so high, and the search for seemingly 'incurable’ diseases raging on, marijuana has the potential to solve many problems if it were to be legalized. Marijuana has been part of American culture ever since Thomas Jefferson smuggled hemp seeds out of France because he considered hemp vital to America. According to a national household survey an estimated sixty million Americans use marijuana occasionally or regularly. More than 800,000 marijuana users are arrested each year. The main reason marijuana is currently outlawed is money. The government earns revenue from prosecuting users, jobs will be lost in law-enforcement-judiciary-penal systems and scientists will lose millions of dollars in grants aimed at searching for the negative effects of marijuana. "Recently, many of these same researchers have changed their opinions as they see development...
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...Should Marijuana be legalized? In 1545, the Spanish brought marijuana to the New World. The English Introduced it in Jamestown in 1611, where it became a major commercial crop alongside tobacco and was grown as a source of fiber. It was in the 1920'sthat marijuana began to become more popular. Some historians say its emergence was brought about by Prohibition. http://www.narconon.org/drug-information/marijuana-history.html Cannabis sativa commonly known as marijuana is a plant species that is mainly known for its psychotic effects when consumed. It is consumed either through smoking, ingesting, or vaporizing. Marijuana has been used for centuries but has recently been mainstreamed in culture today. It has nicknames such as weed dope, grass, ganja, Mary Jane and chronic. Now, more than ever, propositions to legalize the plant have risen and been the subject to controversy and heated debates. Morals and politics are what make up the structure of this country, so when an issue receives responses coming from different points of views, the issue becomes controversial, and the topic of marijuana is definitely a controversial subject. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many positive arguments to support the idea as well. The following passages will discuss some pros and cons to this subject and will provide some insight on just what this drug is. Just saying the word Marijuana conjures...
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...to contain. Smoking normal cigarettes can be a foundation for more dangerous substances that include smoking weed and inhaling cocaine. Health institutions have come up with the possible effects of smoking both to passive and active smokers. Breathing problems, socioeconomic effects as well as chronic diseases like cancers are some of the dangerous outcomes of smoking. Several alternatives have been established to deal with the problem (Hyde & Setaro, 2006). Designation of smoking zones is one of the options that most nations globally have embraced with the aim of bringing down the negative effects associated with smoking. This paper seeks to establish the need for banning smoking in closed areas. This is in accordance with the fact that smoking has been a menace in the recent past especially to passive smokers (Owing, 2005). The paper also aims at identifying the possible impact of smoking and how restricting it will assist the government and the entire world deal with the...
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...J Clin Epidemiol Vol. 50, No. 12, pp. 1311–1318, 1997 Copyright © 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. 0895-4356/97/$17.00 PII S0895-4356(97)00203-5 The Powerful Placebo Effect: Fact or Fiction? Gunver S. Kienle* and Helmut Kiene ¨ Institut fur Angewandte Erkenntnistheorie und Medizinische Methodologie, D-79112 Freiburg, Germany ABSTRACT. In 1955, Henry K. Beecher published the classic work entitled ‘‘The Powerful Placebo.’’ Since that time, 40 years ago, the placebo effect has been considered a scientific fact. Beecher was the first scientist to quantify the placebo effect. He claimed that in 15 trials with different diseases, 35% of 1082 patients were satisfactorily relieved by a placebo alone. This publication is still the most frequently cited placebo reference. Recently Beecher’s article was reanalyzed with surprising results: In contrast to his claim, no evidence was found of any placebo effect in any of the studies cited by him. There were many other factors that could account for the reported improvements in patients in these trials, but most likely there was no placebo effect whatsoever. False impressions of placebo effects can be produced in various ways. Spontaneous improvement, fluctuation of symptoms, regression to the mean, additional treatment, conditional switching of placebo treatment, scaling bias, irrelevant response variables, answers of politeness, experimental subordination, conditioned answers, neurotic or psychotic misjudgment, psychosomatic phenomena...
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...which the infection develops (CDC, 2014). HCAP develops during or following a stay in a healthcare facility. In contrast, patients who are diagnosed with CAP have had no contact within a health care setting prior to presenting with the infection (Driver, 2012). Pneumonia may be present as a mild illness but has the potential to be life-threatening. Despite advances in research, pneumonia remains a common illness contributing to the death of young children in developing countries and the elderly population of developed countries throughout the world (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). In 2010, approximately 50,000 people in the U.S. died after developing the infection (CDC, 2014). From a global perspective, 450 million cases of pneumonia are recorded annually and roughly 4 million of those diagnosed will die from this illness (Ruuskanen, et al., 2011). CAP is the eighth-leading cause of death within the U.S. and is the leading cause of death from infection in the developed world (Brown, et al., 2012). While anyone is susceptible to contracting it, certain risk factors increase the chances of developing the infection. Research confirms that pneumonia is more serious in younger and older populations; people with chronic health problems; and people who have weak immune systems (CDC, 2014). In the U.S., the population older than age 65 account for nearly two thirds of hospitalizations and 90 percent of deaths associated with...
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