...The fuselage is the main body to which all parts are connected and subjected to take bending load, torsion load, tensile load, compression load and shear load. Frames and stringers is the basic skeleton of the fuselage which gives major support. Frames give the fuselage its cross-sectional shape and prevent it from buckling, when it is subjected to bending loads. Stringers give a large increase in the stiffness of the skin under torsion and bending loads, with minimal increase in weight. Other than that, fuselage must be able to resist bending moments caused by weight and lift from the tail, torsion loads caused by fin and rudder. Pressurization can lead to tension or compression of the floor-supports as well. The structural strength and stiffness of the fuselage must be high enough to withstand these loads. According to the British Civil Airworthiness Requirement, safety factor of at least 1.5 times the normal working load for aircraft fuselage structure must be used. Failure is catastrophic, the limit load occurs during every flight and the fuselage is not only subject to pressurization forces. The static strength of the fuselage therefore incorporates a larger safety factor. A reduced factor of safety from the stated factor will preclude failure due to creep and provide adequate protection against tear propagation. Besides, the structure must be able to support limit loads without permanent deformation. At any load up to limit loads, the deformation may not interfere with safe...
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...ESTABLISHING THE STRESS LOADING THE ELEMENTS [pic] Fig. 1.1 2. MAIN SCREW CALCULUS 2.1. CHOOSING THE MATERIAL It is chosen OL 50 STAS 500/2 [3] PRE-DIMENSIONING CALCULUS The calculus load F= Q·ctgαmin αmin= 30º [pic] Fig. 2.1 F= Q·ctgαmin= 8914·ctg30°= 15439.5 N Calculus of the load Fc, N Fc= β·F= 1.3·15439.5= 20071.3 N β= 1.25 ... 1.3 [3] The thread's inner diameter [pic] [pic] [pic]=100 ... 120 Mpa [3] Choosing the thread It is chosen Tr 20X4 with the dimension in table 24.2 Table 2.1 |Nominal diameter |Pitch |Medium diameter |External diameter |Inner diameter | |d, mm |P, mm |d2=D2,, mm |D4, mm | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D3, mm |D1,mm | |20 |4 |18 |20.5 |15.5 |16 | CHECKING THE SELF-BRAKING CONDITION The thread's declination...
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...Module 10 Compression Members Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Lesson 27 Slender Columns Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Instructional Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to: • • • • • • • • define a slender column, give three reasons for its increasing importance and popularity, explain the behaviour of slender columns loaded concentrically, explain the behaviour of braced and unbraced single column or a part of rigid frame, bent in single or double curvatures, roles and importance of additional moments due to P- Δ effect and moments due to minimum eccentricities in slender columns, identify a column if sway or nonsway type, understand the additional moment method for the design of slender columns, apply the equations or use the appropriate tables or charts of SP-16 for the complete design of slender columns as recommended by IS 456. 11.27.1 Introduction Slender and short are the two types of columns classified on the basis of slenderness ratios as mentioned in sec.10.21.5 of Lesson 21. Columns having both lex/D and ley/b less than twelve are designated as short and otherwise, they are slender, where lex and ley are the effective lengths with respect to major and minor axes, respectively; and D and b are the depth and width of rectangular columns, respectively. Short columns are frequently used in concrete structures, the design of such columns has been explained in Lessons 22 to 26, loaded concentrically or eccentrically about one or both...
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...for simple system is mapped onto the real structure and the exact finite element formulation is derived. The effect of stiffeners on the stability analysis of structural frames is considered and the governing equations are derived. For simple members, a closed form solution and, for stiffened structural frames, the finite element formulation have been proposed. The formulation is implemented in a computer programme. The accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the presented formulation work are verified using case studies. Keywords: stiffener; stiffener factor; finite element; step function; Dirac delta; stability; buckling. Introduction Buckling analysis is a technique used to determine buckling loads-critical loads at which a structure becomes unstable-and buckled mode shapes-the characteristic shape associated with a structure's buckled response .Buckling loads are critical loads where certain types of structures become unstable. Each load has an associated buckled mode shape; this is the shape that...
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...Major Milestones of the Telecommunications Industry 1837 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph - The information age began with the telegraph, which was invented by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1837. This was the first instrument to transform information into electrical form and transmit it reliably over long distances. The earliest form of electrical communication, the original Morse telegraph of 1837 did not use a key and sounder. Instead it was a device designed to print patterns at a distance. 1858 Transoceanic telegraph cable is laid – The transoceanic telegraph cable is an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications. The first communications occurred August 16, 1858, reducing the communication time between North America and Europe from ten days, the time it took to deliver a message by ship, to a matter of minutes. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone - The telegraph was followed by Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in 1876. The magneto-telephone was one of the first telephones on which both transmission and reception were done with the same instrument. 1885 - Incorporation of the American Telephone and Telegraph company (AT&T). After its incorporation in 1885, the American Telephone and Telegraph company dominated the telecommunications market. 1888 - Heinrich Hertz discovers the electromagnetic wave 1895 - Marconi begins experimenting with wireless telegraph 1901 Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio—the...
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...Unit 1 Research 1 PT1420 In the 1970s the programming language that was most popular was Pascal. Pascal was designed in 1968-69 but published in 1970. Niklaus Wirth created the Pascal language to “1) make available a language suitable for teaching programming as a systematic discipline based on fundamental concepts clearly by the language, and 2) to define a language whose implementations could be both reliable and efficient on then-available computers. In 1972 the C programming language was developed by Dennis Ritchie. C was created to work with the system Unix. “Unix gives C such advanced features as dynamic variables, multitasking, interrupt handling, forking, and strong, low-level, input-output. Because of this, C is very commonly used to program operating systems such as Unix, Windows, the MacOS, and Linux.” In the 1980s the popular programming language was C++. C++ was developed at Bell Laboratories. C++ is a general purpose multi-paradigm spanning compiled language that has both high-level and low-level languages’ features. It was started as an enhancement to the C programming language, Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. In the 1990s Java was the popular programming language. It was created in 1991 developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and release in 1995. In the 2000s Visual Basic (VB) was popular in the programming world. VB was developed from BASIC which was originally developed in 1964 by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurts. VB is a Microsoft programing language and software...
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...2/16/2014 Intellectual Property creation witnessing steady growth in India: Report - Economic Times You are here: Home > Collections > India RELATED ARTICLES Budget 2012: Relax corporate tax and surcharges to boost... March 5, 2012 Intellectual Property creation witnessing steady growth in India: Report PTI Jun 26, 2013, 06.43PM IST Bharti Airtel gives IP contract to Alcatel Lucent India June 1, 2012 Tags: Texas Instruments general motors | Mercedes-Benz | investments | intellectual property | Intel | Hewlett-Packard | | gdp | Alstom | Alcatel Lucent Alcatel-Lucent launches IP Transformation Center Septemb er 8, 2009 IN-DEPTH COVERAGE India Intellectual Property Alcatel-lucent Alstom NEW DELHI: The country's contribution to Intellectual Property (IP) creation is witnessing a steady growth, however, investments in R&D and patent activities in the country are still relatively slow when compared to developed nations, a report says. According to globalisation and market expansion advisory firm Zinnov's study 'Enhancing the IP Quotient in MNC R&D centres', IP creation is witnessing steady growth in MNC R&D centres, but investments in R&D and patent activities in India are still relatively slow. (A sector-wise analysis…) The study further said India spends just 1 per cent of its GDP on R&D, while countries like Israel spends 4.2 per cent, Japan 3.7 per cent, US 2.7 per cent and China 2.0 per cent...
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...Electronics rely heavily on electronic switching and amplification to generate and capture the various signals which allow them to operate. A controllable valve that allows a small signal to control a much larger signal does this, and could be related to a controllable valve used in the control of water flow. This was once done by a device known as vacuum tube but was later brought down to a much lower production scale for a variety of industrial, economical and business related reasons. Bell Laboratories, the research arm of telecommunications company American Telephone and Telegraph’s (AT&T) director Mervin Kelly put together the first team of researchers and scientists placed on the task of research and development of a solid state-semiconductor later called a transistor that would supersede vacuum tubes and provide numerous advantages. The success of this development would prove to change the computing, electronics and telecommunications systems altogether. Up until the invention of the transistor a vacuum tube was used in the control, amplification and generation of electrical signals. Vacuum tubes are tubes usually made from glass and designed in an airtight manner as to keep the flow of “cathode rays” from external disturbance as they pass from each terminal and laid the foundation for numerous technical innovations, such as the light bulb discovered by Thomas Edison (fig. 1). Joseph John Thomson further made a vacuum tube and placed a third terminal to attain a grasp...
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...Fall 2015 Analytical Chemistry I Quantitative Analysis Chem 341WI 4 Credit Hrs | Instruction Mode: L (lab) and P (class) Professor Andrew Holder holdera@umkc.edu • SCB 113 • 816-235-2293 • 913-543-3709 (fax) Office Hours: T/Th 1:00-4:00, 5:00 – 7:30 Lecture: T/Th 4PM | Labs: T/Th 1PM (AFT), 5PM (EVE) Credit: Lab + Lecture = 4 credits | Format: Lab + Lecture (P) Lecture / Class Policies and Procedures Correspondence with UMKC Student Learning Outcomes Scientific Reasoning & Quantitative Analysis * Apply principles/methods of sciencea, mathb, statisticsc and logicd to solve problems and draw logical inferences. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error (c) * Chpt 4: Statistics (c) * Chpt 6: Chemical Equilibrium (a, b, d, e, f) * Chpt 7: Activity & Systematic Trtmnt, (a, d, e, h) * Chpt 8: Monoprotic Acid-Base Equil., * Chpt 9: Polyprotic Acid-Base Equil. (a, d, e, g, h) * Develop quantitative literacy enabling comprehensione and evaluationf of info in broad contexts. * Chpt 3: Experimental Error, Chpt 4: Statistics (f) * Chpt 5: Quality Assurance and Calibration Methods (c) * Understand methodsg/principlesh of scientific discovery and their application * Sxn 0-2: The Analytical Chemist’s Job (g, h) * Sxn 0-3: General Stages in a Chemical Analysis (g, h) * Chpt 2: Tools of the Trade (g) * Carrying out laboratory analyses (g, h) ...
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...Blogging is popular among the people in today’s society, especially amongst teenagers. In fact, the number of blogs is exploding, with about 14 million existing blogs. On average, the number of blogs is doubling every five months. There are many advantages of blogging. Firstly, people can use as an online dairy, using it to share the day’s happening in her life with other visitors on the net. Furthermore, if the blogger (author of the blog) has met up with certain incidents in her life, he can share it on the blog and others can console or praise him, by giving comments or leaving a message in the blog’s tag board, depending on the incident. Blogging can also be a good way to relieve stress as some way wants to use their blog to vent out their frustration or pour out their woes when stress becomes too much for them. Some bloggers even use their blogs to flaunt their literati skills by posting poems about themselves or things around them. Secondly, bloggers can also use their blogs to inform others on a certain topic which happens to be his niche, thus allowing others who are interested in the topic to learn some tricks from the blog, they are also post questions to the blogger if they meet up with problems. Even Mr. Donald Trump is doing so, he launched the Trump Blog last month to share his insights into and answer questions about corporation ethics, personal success and business dilemmas. Other organizations are also using blogs to make announcements to...
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...fornia, start-up, Shockley Semiconduc tor Laboratory. Shockley had been part of the Bell Labs team that invented the transistor. He had quit his job and come west to start his own company, telling people his goal was to make a million dollars. Everyone thought he was crazy. Shockley knew he wasn't. Unlike a lot of the people at Bell Labs, he knew the transistor was going to be big. Shockley had an idea about how to make transistors c heaply. He wa s going to f abric a te them out of si li con. He had come to this valley, south of San Francisco, to start production. He felt like hewas on the cusp of history, in the right place at the right time. All that he needed was the right people. Shockleywas leaving nothingto c hance. Tod a y's in ter vi ew wa s J i m Gibb ons . Hewa s a young guy, earl y twenti es . He already had a Stanford Ph.D. He had s tudied a t Cambridgetoo - on a Fulbri ght sc holars hip he'dwon. Gibbons was si tting in front of hi m ri ght now, in Shockley's Quonset hut of fice. Shockley picked up his s topwa tch. In Augus t 1957 William Shockleywas recrui ting s taff for hisPalo Alto, Cali fornia, start-up, Shockley Semiconduc tor Laboratory. Shockley had been part of the Bell Labs team that invented the transistor. He had quit his job and come west to start his...
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...the company obtains a high performance network for a reasonable price. Project description MK Institute of Higher Learning is purposing a project with the description to network a classroom based floor. This floor will consist of three wings. Each wing accommodates one distribution closet, which must be interconnected to one another. Each wing also has eight classrooms and one computer lab. Classrooms will need 2 drops and the computer labs will need 44 drops, resulting in 60 drops in all per wing. The ISP connection will be entering from the north wing’s distribution room. The institute will also be requiring that a wireless access coverage to the central lobby area, allowing 100 users simultaneously, to be made possible. Also noting that the central lobby area consists of three solid supports, holding a 25’ ceiling. Major Deliverables * The networking of the MK Institute of Higher Learning. * Placing needed hardware. * Wiring the hardware and network. * Interconnecting distribution rooms. * 3 wings, each consisting of 8 classrooms = 16 drops, one computer lab = 44, and one distribution room. * Wireless central lobby allowing 100+ users simultaneously. * Fully functional Networking...
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...As the old saying goes “Only the strong survives,” seems to be true in this struggling economy, and this statement is true when referring to AT&T which is among the strongest company’s listed in the Fortune 500. AT&T’s success is garnered by a willingness to function well as an organization, and also by being leaders in innovation. For a company to be successful there has to be proper planning, organizing, leading, and controlling on their part, coupled by the awareness of internal, and external factors, and how they affect the company. According to "AT&T" (2012), "We're recognized as one of the leading worldwide providers of IP-based communications services to businesses. We also have the nation's largest 4G network – covering 275 million people, and 2,000 more 4G cities and towns than Verizon, and the largest international coverage of any U.S.” That statement alone says that AT&T has a well defined business plan, and economical external factors, such as their competition will not stand in their way. AT&T has not allowed internal factors like having to find qualified people for the jobs, and then training them affect their “bottom line,” and they understand that the quality of their employees affect their customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction is key when dealing with a competitive market. One of the main components of the four function of management is leading. Leading in this sense is, stimulating the employees to achieve their goals and perform...
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...Net-Worm.Win32.Kido.ih Detected | Feb 20 2009 07:04 GMT | Released | Apr 02 2009 16:24 GMT | Published | Feb 20 2009 07:04 GMT | Manual description Auto description This description was created by experts at Kaspersky Lab. It contains the most accurate information available about this program. Manual description Auto description This is a description which has been automatically generated following analysis of this program on a test machine. This description may contain incomplete or inaccurate information. Technical Details Payload Removal instructions Technical Details This network worm spreads via local networks and removable storage media. The program itself is a Windows PE DLL file. The worm components vary in size from 155KB to 165KB. It is packed using UPX. Installation The worm copies its executable file with random names as shown below: %System%\<rnd> %Program Files%\Internet Explorer\<rnd>.dll %Program Files%\Movie Maker\<rnd>.dll %All Users Application Data%\<rnd>.dll %Temp%\<rnd>.dll %Temp%\<rnd>.tmp <rnd> is a random string of symbols. In order to ensure that the worm is launched next time the system is started, it creates a system service which launches the worm’s executable file each time Windows is booted. The following registry key will be created: [HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\netsvcs] ...
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...Computer Lab Rules & Regulations Swinburne University computing facilities may only be used by current Swinburne students and staff. Swinburne identity card must be presented upon request. The computing facilities should only be used for educational and research purposes. The following rules and regulations apply to all lab computers on campus. Lab Rules & Regulations 1. The computer lab provided by the University is solely for educational and research activities. Students are prohibited from using the lab for any other reasons. 2. Students must have a valid student ID card to use the computer labs. 3. Students must abide by all rules and regulations, such as those shown on booking sheets, computer screens, and notices near the computers or on the wall. 4. Two-hour Usage Rule: When the lab is full and students are waiting for a vacant computer, the two-hour rule will apply. Students will be limited to 2 hours on the computer per session. 5. All users must abide by the license requirements of any software or resources being used on the computer. 6. The downloading of non-coursework related materials is strictly prohibited on the campus network as it uses much of the network bandwidth, thus slowing down all internet access. 7. All personal data must be saved on a floppy disk, handy drive or on your Home drive. Do not save personal data on the computer hard drive. 8. Please be reminded to scan your handy...
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