...CYBER WARFARE Student’s Name Institution of Affiliation CYBER WARFARE Cyber warfare is also commonly referred to as the cyber attack. It involves both the attacks and the counter cyber warfare. By definition, it is an intentional breaching of a person’s or community computer system with an intended to fraud money or steal knowledge from the system. Therefore, it involves manipulation of the computer systems, disabling or to wipe out the aggregate information contained in the system of equipment. It has thus been a stern challenge in the economic and national and the world security. As thus, it has become a primary concern for all business people protecting their ideas not to be leaked, in the military due to the protection of national security and also by the government which has to keep it a secret of all what is happening within it. The issue of the cyber attacks has not been one event but something that has occurred over time as a result of inventions and innovations by the governments and security agencies. It was triggered by the need to safeguard one's interests and at the same time keep secrets that if they leak the competitors or the enemies can use them against you. One of the periods that can be credited to giving birth to the period of developments that led to cyber attacks is 1918 all the way to 1939 whereby there was increased military revolution. One of these advances was the use of modern aircraft, weapons, and military strategies and, of course, the technology...
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...University of North Georgia Abstract The key points of my article will be centered around the history of the law enforcement agency I’m working for, which is Alabama Department of Game and Fish under the Alabama Department of Conservation. Also, I will be discussing the characteristics of my law enforcement agency by outlining how it works. The questions I will be asked are as follows. Are there any weaknesses in the agency’s promotion process? Do you think the process is done fairly? Describe the formal rules of your intern agency. Are these rules ever broken? For what reason(s) may they be broken? What are some of the informal work rules of your agency? What is the organization’s size and scope, including the size of the budget and number of employees? What is the organizations structure? What does the future look like for the organization? Will there be changes, growth, layoffs, or shrinkage? How does the organization fit into the larger picture of the criminal justice system as a whole? For my research, I will be asking numerous questions to my supervisor as well as those who I am tasked to work with. I will evaluate how the agency works from the ground up by going on ride-alongs with the various officers from the wildlife and fisheries departments. Key Words: Game and Fish, Fisheries Department, Wildlife Department, Game Warden, Intern. Part 1 For my internship, I am at the Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries division of the Alabama Department of...
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...questions for writing and discussion 1. The master budget has been criticized for the following reasons: it does not recognize the interdependencies among departments, it is static, and it is results, rather than process, oriented. These criticisms are especially apparent when companies are in a competitive, dynamic environment. When the environment changes slowly, if at all, the master budget would do a good job of both planning and control. 2. A static budget is one that is not adjusted for changes in activity. Using a static budget for control can be a real problem. For example, suppose that the master (static) budget is based on the production and sale of 100,000 units but only 90,000 units are actually produced and sold. Further, suppose that the budgeted variable cost of goods sold was $2,000,000 and that the actual variable cost of goods sold was $1,890,000. It looks as if the company spent less than expected for variable manufacturing costs. However, the budgeted variable cost was $20 per unit ($2,000,000/100,000), and the actual variable cost per unit is $21 per unit ($1,890,000/90,000). Not adjusting the budget for changes in activity level can mislead managers about efficiency. 3. A flexible budget is (1) a budget for various levels of activity, or (2) a budget for the actual level of activity. The first type of flexible budget is used for planning and sensitivity analysis. The second type of budget is used for control, since the actual costs of the actual...
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...Henri Boulangerie: Creating and Using a Master Budget BACKGROUND PART I: CREATING THE BUDGET MEETINGS WITH DIVISIONAL MANAGERS Henri Boulangerie is a medium-sized regional bakery that specializes in providing orders to grocery and convenience stores. Because of the popularity of its brand, it has also opened a small café for walk-in business. In order to maintain its high quality standard, Henri produces only three products: breakfast muffins, fresh bread, and chocolate chip cookies. Although business has been good in the past few years, a lucky contact with a large chain has recently allowed it to expand its brand out of the local region. Growth has been high since the new contract went into effect. Andy Griff, the chief executive officer (CEO) and founder, has arranged a meeting with a venture capital firm next week. Hopefully the meeting will result in the sale of some of Henri’s stock and an opportunity to establish a significant line of credit with the venture capital firm. These extra funds, if Andy can secure them, should provide sufficient money to meet Henri’s growth targets for the next few years. The venture capital firm’s assessment team has asked Andy to provide a quarterly master budget for the year that just began, complete with pro forma financial statements, at the meeting. They have expressed special interest in Henri’s earnings per share (EPS), cash flow from operations, and profit margins, indicating that good numbers in these...
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...Personal Responsibility Personal responsibility is you the individual taking responsibility for your own actions. Whether it is at work, school or everyday life you are responsible for the outcome of the decisions you make. Personal responsibility is a skill needed to be successful in college or in any career. As a United States Soldier it is important to take responsibility for your own actions. It is required that each soldier of lesser rank to be obedient to orders. One of the many orders given is be on time to all formations. It is the Commanders responsibility to ensure that all soldiers are accounted for during each Battle Assembly. It is the soldier’s responsibility to be 15 minutes prior to any given time. In the military time could be crucial, almost any task has a time line to be accomplished and it is important to accomplish that task in a timely manner so that mission requirements are up to par. Practicing personal responsibility as a soldier can be challenging and intimidating. The demands of the military and other personal obligations can put tremendous amount of pressure on a soldier. The relationship between personal responsibility and being a soldier relate to one another. Developing the initiative, enthusiasm, motivation and, a positive maturity level are just some of the many traits to becoming successful in the military. Being a last minute person is not in the dictionary of a good quality soldier. Not being present at any formation can result in a miss...
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...developing offensive capabilities, on figuring out how and when the United States might unleash its own malware to disrupt an adversary’s networks. That is potentially dangerous territory. Such malware is believed to have little deterrent value against criminals who use computers to steal money from banks or spies who pilfer industrial secrets. But faced with rising intrusions against computers that run America’s military systems and its essential infrastructure — its power grid, for instance, and its telecommunications networks — the military here (and elsewhere) sees disruptive software as an essential new tool of war. According to a study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the 15 countries with the biggest military budgets are all investing in offensive cyber capabilities. The latest step occurred last month when the United States sent out bids for technologies “to destroy, deny, degrade, disrupt, corrupt or usurp” an adversary’s attempt to use cyberspace for advantage. The Air Force asked for proposals to plan for and manage cyberwarfare, including the ability to launch superfast computer attacks and withstand retaliation. The United States, China, Russia, Britain and Israel began developing basic cyberattack capabilities at least a decade ago and are still figuring out how to integrate them into their military operations. Experts say cyberweapons will be used before or during conflicts involving conventional weapons to infect an adversary’s network and disrupt...
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...CHAPTER – 7 INFORMATON OPERATION “There is a war out there, old friend- a World War. And it’s not about whose got the most bullets; it’s about who controls the information.” Cosmo, in the 1992 Film “Sneakers” 0701. Introduction The instruments of national power (diplomatic, informational, military, and economic) provide leaders with the means and ways of dealing with crises around the world. Employing these means in the information environment requires the ability to securely transmit, receive, store, and process information in the real time. The nation’s state and non-state adversaries are equally aware of the significance of new technology, and will use information-related capabilities (IRCs) to gain advantages in the information environment, just as they would use more traditional military technologies to gain advantages in other operational environments. As the strategic environment continues to change, so does Information Operations (IO). Based on these changes, the present world now characterizes IO as the integrated employment, during military operations, of IRCs in concert with other lines of operation to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or take over the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries while protecting our own. 0702. Background Information Operations are an evolving construct with roots back to olden times, thus it is both an old and a new concept. The late 1970 world saw the materialization of Information Warfare (IW) and Command and...
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...written by Victor Davis Hanson whom is a military historian and professor at California State University gives a new perspective on why the West always wins their wars. Hanson states his theory that the West always wins their fights because of the influence of their culture. He continues to explain this theory of the Western way of war with a coherent argument. Although Hanson uses examples of battles in which do not quite fit his argument, the background of the nine battles he uses support his claim; thus, making his theory agreeable overall. Furthermore, the title Carnage and Culture best illustrates Hanson’s theory on the western culture. The reason being why the west always wins their wars is due to the culture- “The Western Way of War”. This culture follows with characteristics in which represent the West: being freedom, individualism, civic militarism, superior weapons, organization, discipline, morale, initiative, flexibility, and command. All of these characteristics are shown through the West in the battles fought against the Non-West. Hanson talks about nine different battles in which helps back up his theory. Western warfare, a common foundation and continual way of fighting, that has made Europeans the most deadly soldiers in the history of civilization. With this being said, Hanson believed that with the western culture, the armies produce better quality arms and soldiers. Culture being such a big part of the Western way of life, the people believed in themselves...
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...book was first written in 490 BC in the Kingdom of Wu. In 512 BC, he became the general for the King of Wu. The book contains thirteen chapters showcasing strategies to face challenges and overcome complex problems. The chapters outlines attack by stratagem; tactical dispositions; energy; weak points and strong; maneuvering; variation of tactics; the army on the march; terrain; the nine situations; the attack by fire; and the use of spies. “The Art of War” is read by people in military careers, business professionals, management professionals, and basically anyone in a field where people interaction is vital to the success of an operation. “The Art of War” is not a book that exploits on war and the glory or honor that comes with winning a battle, but instead, it focuses on realizing reckless mistakes that can be avoided and abuse of power. Popular war books are bombarded with stories of death, destruction, and sad aftermaths of war. This book teaches lessons that can change the way daily situations are handled. In return, the result will have a positive outcome on relationships between countries, leaders, and business owners. Any person that decides to forget the past or doesn’t learn from their past or others advices from past transgressions is making a grave mistake. The outcome will be only be for history to repeat itself. “So in war, the way is to avoid what is strong, and strike at what is weak” (Tzu, pg.26). There are ways to weaken your enemy and Tzu explains that in more...
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...Role and Functions of Law Mandy Reitz BA 316 Law is a vital part of our society and culture. The structure of every civilized society is developed and maintained through law. There are several roles that law participates in regarding society and business. I am currently in the Army and law is very influential to all military operations. Military personnel are subject to federal law and military regulations. Rules and regulations are the foundations for the military profession. The case of Cipollone v. Liggett is a fascinating doctrine that illuminates how state and federal law relates to our society. This essay will provide insight to the role and functions of law in our society. Functions of Law in Business and Society Law is crucial to daily operations in people’s personal and professional life. The function of law is to develop structure, assign precise amounts of power to different branches of government, and provide protection to citizens. (Melvin, 2011) Ethical standards are the basis to developing a strong structure to use as a baseline when creating laws. Society dictates the need for certain laws. A highly ethical and adapting foundation must be in place to build a civilized society. Law is responsible for issuing power to the branches of government. It is vital to a democracy to ensure that there are checks and balances. Power needs to be split between all branches to protect citizens from a dictatorship. A proper balance of power helps to develop...
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...A furthering apathetic, disconnected public compounded by military illiterate politicians and our progressive cultural autonomy has increasingly polarized our military-civilian relationship. We can address these issues and close the military-civilian gap by reducing forces, reinstating the selective service, creating an environment where military members can openly lobby opinions and instilling a culture shift with the integration and education of the public and its infrastructure. Since the beginning of the millennial era, one in three Americans shares an immediate relation to anyone with a military background compared to three of four Americans pre 1955. This sharp decrease in relation has spurned a society that lacks an emotional investment and sense of ownership in the application of its military. This has led to apathetic decision making by its delegation, with no real consequences to the civilian majority. A vast reduction in troops and reenactment of the selective service is required to reinstall a sense of ownership and emotional attachment from the public. Reduction in troops to a level sizeable enough to accomplish homeland defense and minor expeditious missions would require the public to more closely manage military resources and weigh in on the necessity of conflict much like President Eisenhower and his staff did when United States man power ranked 19th in the world. This reduction in troop levels would also call on the public to engage in foreign policy, as selective...
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...War strategy is what each country strives to be better than their opponent. During premodern wars, the strategy was as good as it could be for the way armies were fighting. Armies fought linear warfare which meant they were lined up in four rows. They would walk up to the battlefield within twenty-five yards of each other and begin shooting. Their shooting techniques were called volley, which is when each row would fire together. As the weaponry and technology began advancing the strategies used could be changed. The Battle of Austerlitz is an example of how strategy changed warfare. Napoleon led the French army into this battle against Austria and Russia who also outnumbered his opponents. Napoleon’s army was strong in the middle and weak...
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...Homer’s Iliad, battles resemble modern warfare as soldiers fight in organized groups and in close proximity, yet they still rely heavily on arrows, along with primitive elements of ritualization and...
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...Western military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Even in his times, Sun Tzu had recognized the importance of positioning in strategy as affected by both the physical environment and the opinions of all players in that environment. Sun Tzu taught that tactics is more important that actions-planning must concentrate on tactics. He taught that the strategy is not to a plan course of action, but rather to establish quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a competitive environment, competing plans collide, creating unexpected situations. The following are five of the 13 principles of Sun Tzu in the Art of War: 1. “Know your enemy and know yourself and in 100 battles you will never be in peril.” Nobody wins his war without knowing himself and his enemies. Unless you know your capacities and the resources available to you, you cannot set your goals and achieve it. In the business world, a manager must assess his resources and the capacities of the company to set goals and achieve it....
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...How Video Games and Virtual Simulators Affect Tactical Skills of Military Members in Battle Michael Genthner National University Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 List of Tables 3 Abstract 4 Introduction 5 Background and History 5 Definition of Terms 6 Purpose and Objectives 6 Research Hypothesis 7 Method 8 Military Based Video Games 8 Shooting Simulators 10 Indoor Simulated Marksmanship Trainer 10 Long Range Precision Shooting Simulator 10 Driving Simulators 11 Flight Simulators 13 Results 14 References 17 List of Tables Figure 1: Real World Improvement Vs. Simulation Realism Military Training FAQ. (2013). In VirTra. Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www.virtra.com/military-faq/ 15 Table 2: Long Rang Precision Shooting Simulator Sherer, K. (2007, October 29). Laser Shot announces Personal Weapon Simulator partnership. In Gamzig. Retrieved March 28, 2013, from http://www.gizmag.com/go/8224/.........................................................................16 ABSTRACT This paper explores a brief history and the current utilization of virtual simulators and video games within the United States Department of Defense (DoD). Focusing on modern times, the US military is continuing to utilize virtual simulators and war based video games to assist in the training of troops before going on the battle front. The US Military presently uses numerous types of simulators for training, the following will include the implementation of ISMIT...
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