...of peace and security Civil society is the set of diverse groups and social organizations that are strong enough to provide protection and autonomy to individuals from the hegemonic and authoritarian tendencies of states. (Human Security Centre, 2005) Major dimensions in peace building process can be identified as: * Political and Institutional: respecting and strengthening state reform, good governance and democratization * Military and Security: Protection, demobilization, disarmament, demilitarization. * Social: basic needs and amenities, attention to the most vulnerable groups. * Economic: re-establish a stable macro-economic framework, reactivate the supply, demand & the local markets, and promote structural reforms. * Environmental: ensure a sustainable management and access of the natural resources Roles of civil society and NGOs in global governance for peace and security are: * Collect, disseminate and analyze information * Provide input to agenda-setting and policy development processes; * Perform operational functions * Assess social conditions and monitor compliance with peace and security agreements * Advocate social justice The Civil society and NGOs are crippled and have less say in the governance of peace and security because of the following reasons (DAC, 1997): * The functioning of the NGOs will be more effective if it is placed under generic guidelines of sustainable peace building. They...
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...wonder has there ever been peace in the world. Looking back on history our world has constantly moved from one war to the next. Trying to understand why it is that mankind feels the need to fight one another is not simple to answer. Many reasons have been given as to why war are started everything from religion, expansionism, ethnic cleansing and even in the name of peace itself. No matter what the reason is that people claim to be fighting for when you get down to the basic of it all. In the end people go to war for power and control, even when the purpose or perception to do so suggests otherwise. To better understand the reason wars are started we need first talk about why people go to war. Matthew O. Jackson and Massimo Morelli wrote (when researching for the book “The Handbook on the Political Economy of War.”) a list of the reason why people go to war. They included the following: religion, revenge, ethnic cleansing and other ideological mass killings, asymmetric information, bargaining failures, first strike advantages and preemptive war. (2009, The Reasons for Wars – an Updated Survey). As complete as this list was I found that often the reason for war was not simply one of the above topics. Often those declaring the wars would use multiple reasons as for the need. This often suggested that they were trying to persuade other as to the need for war. Rather than having a true reason for going to war they are simply justifying their need and building support. As we look closer...
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...United States emerge as a world power. The United States established itself as a world power in the early 20th century, America’s economic dynamism enabled it to become world power. America started to grow in imperialist power, US gained influence in international diplomacy, influencing global events. The naval and military victories in the Spanish-American War, were crucial in the creation of enthusiasm in both the public and Congress enabling America to annex Hawaii as a necessary military and naval base. The Open Door” policy created by American Imperialist Involvement in WWI established America in a prominent position among world powers. Wilson’s brilliant planning and successful...
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...Institution: George Bush Speech Analysis In the evening of September 11 the year 2001, George Bush addressed the United States of America upon the incident of the terrorist attack that had occurred about 12 hours earlier. The attack would define the presidency of Bush that would lead to the changes in the foreign policies of America, the Iraq and Afghanistan interventions as well as years of how to combat terrorism controversies. The president wanted to assure Americans that they still had a functioning government, listing the support from other nations in the terrorism fight and promise and vow to bring those who were involved to justice. That was when men who were 19 in number colluded and worked together to highjack four airplanes that were heading for California. The essay below looks into the various aspects of the speech that the president presented mainly to comfort as well as encourage the Americans despite the attack, in the speech. It looks at the impacts of the address, his resent on the incident, his personality, in addition to his efforts to assure American citizens of the government’s industrious steps to protect them as well as the impacts that the speech had after the proposed counterterrorism measures that involved developing a robust national security as discussed in the paper. The President of America, George Bush addressed upon the unfortunate events of 9-11 that had unfolded in 2011 the month of September according to the article “George W...
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...It started with Spain occupying Cuba, and there control of imports and exports. In nineteen hundred and one America started building a naval fleet, and increasing some naval bases. They increased their possessions in the Pacific Ocean and the building of the Panama Canal. At this same time Spain had dug deep into their empire controlling Cuba, and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean. In the Pacific they grew Guantanamo, and the Philippines. The United Sates had invested in Cuban mining opportunities and sugar cane fields. In eighteen hundred and seventy, young Jose Marti was a great rebel against Spain. He was calling all Cubans for independence. Jose Marti excelled to be a national hero with locals in Cuba. In eighteen ninety four he and his rebels attacked the United States sugar cane plantations destroying crops. Jose was hoping to provoke the United States to act against Spain. Instead Spain sent an army to wipe out Jose...
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...Introduction “The efforts of global powers to establish a global system to create a balance of power in the world to suit their interest are the root cause of global peace, conflict & refugee crisis.” The above statement is our debate topic & we are supporting the statement. Before we present our arguments to support it, the following questions should be answered: • Who are global powers? • What is balance of power? • What is their (global power’s) interest? • What is global peace, conflict & refugee crisis? The answers to above terms will provide us clear view on the esteemed statement. The terms are discussed as follows: Global Power: There are 10 powerful countries, the 10 great powers that can rock the world. They have been ranked by their fire power & ability to shape both their regional environments and the international system as a whole; among all the world’s countries these are the ones with the most ability to affect global politics by their choices. The global power rankings are revised every year. Until 2016, the top 10 global powers are as follows: 1. United States of America 2. United Kingdom 3. Germany 4. China 5. Japan 6. Russia 7. India 8. Turkey 9. Iran 10. South Korea Balance of Power: In international relations, the posture and policy of a nation or group of nations protecting itself against another nation or group of nations by matching its power against the power of the other side. States can...
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...Running head: National Security National Security Teresa Turner Strayer University Garner Campus ECO320503016*201005 Professor Carol Scott December 3, 2010 Abstract The National Security Council is a forum for President’s to consider national security and foreign policy matters with their senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. The council started under President Truman, and the Council’s function is to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council is also the President’s principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. National Security is based on four basic strategies to preserve security. The defense and deterrence rank first and second, followed by détente diplomacy and disarmament. These four strategies are used whether in combination or alone. Technology has always influenced their strategy. When technology changes, what the country does to protect themselves changes too. This will entail what the U.S. goals are and what we stand for. Third, I will look at how the United States strengthens alliances to defeat global terrorism and work to prevent attacks against our friends and us. Fourth, I will explain how we work with others to defuse regional conflicts. National Security The struggles of the twentieth century between liberty and totalitarianism ended with victory for the forces of freedom—and a single sustainable model for national success:...
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...despite this, Germany started World War II in a better state than it did World War I (“Failed Peace”). The territories removed had only served to drain its resources, and over the following years the population rose (“Failed Peace”). Had Germany chosen to actually comply with the military restrictions, it wouldn’t have been able to start World War II, but it never truly intended to go through with its promises. The Weimar Republic began violating them almost immediately: hiding the German General Staff under another name, secretly training troops and developing equipment, colluding “with German military leaders to avoid the Versailles treaty restrictions” (“Failed Peace”, and even declaring that they would no longer comply before Hitler came to power (“Failed Peace”). This would have happened anyway, but the true failing of the Versailles Treaty and Allies is that they refused to enforce the conditions of the treaty and essentially allowed it to happen. America, an ocean away, refused to become involved, and Britain lost interest and fell...
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...The War of 1812 causes and consequences were Britain arming the Native Americans with weapons but the reason for this is because America was in the process of developing so they kept pushing the Native towards West. Native Americans resistance started to weaken from joining British war which conflicted with the Americans. The British imprisoned American sailors to work for them in their navy by kidnapping them from Americans ship. Also, Britain placed a blockade on France because America and France needed to get through Britain in order to trade amongst each other. But for their actions there is always a reaction, the USS Constitution defeated British ship on the 19th of August in 1812. America's Commodore, Oliver Hazard Perry, lead the...
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...of the fact that the continuing influence of the Soviets on other nations can be disastrous. Truman came up with his own Truman doctrine which revolved around the containment policy. The Truman Doctrine did not only influence United States foreign policy in Greece and Turkey but for the next several decades, other American leaders would refer to the doctrine as a justification for United States involvement in Korea, Vietnam, and other nations. The two next Presidents who followed Truman were left to finish the ongoing war against the spreading of communism. President Eisenhower who was elected in 1952 vowed to continue the fight against communism. Eisenhower’s era which was famously named ‘New Look’ focused on building strong nuclear programs rather than building on the...
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...A Comparative Study of Metaphor in British and United States of America (US) Political Discourse Student’s Name University Affiliation Comparative Study of Metaphor in British and United States of America (US) Political Discourse Abstract This study offers a research on the application of metaphor in the discourse of cultural and political aspects between these two countries; The United States of America and Great Britain. As a result, this is an analysis of the various factors related to the perspective in terms of the cultural and socio-political phenomenon, in which a lot of attention is placed on the elements ascertaining the pragmatic, variable, and cognitive details of the British and US's political discourses: The inaugural speeches of four US presidents and party political manifestos of two British political parties during the period between 1974 and 1997 are analysed. The main purpose of undertaking this kind of comparative study of the British and the American political discourses is quite evident, these discourses symbolize intriguing and complex methods of cultural values and political differences as depicted in the respective linguistic contexts. The key findings are that metaphors from the domains of conflict, journey and buildings are general across the divide. However, the British corpus contain metaphors that draw on the source domain of plants whereas the American corpus hugely draws on source domains like fire and light and the physical environments that are...
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...WW1 was one of the worst international wars and the first part of the war america stayed out of it. It caused a boom in the economy because they had guns and supplies and they sold it for really high prices to britain and france. But america entered because they were attacked by germany and innocent civilians died and it stirred people up in anger and then caused the U.S.A to enter the war. America's contribution was essential to the winning of the war or else the war would have been won by germany. One reason why the U.S enter the war was because germany kept killing innocent people and threatening to torpedo down our passenger liners because they were trying to keep britain from receiving supplies. But also the fact that a us building was bombed and that stirred the people up in anger with the german’s so that led us to support the allies in ww1 and 2 and the germans tried to keep us out because they believed they could win but they stirred us up in anger and got us to enter and defeat germany....
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...Air Force. When Pearson returned home from World War One, he attended the University of Toronto and accomplished his bachelor of arts; he then won a fellowship from Oxford University for business and law. By the end of the 1920’s Pearson had established his career in politics, with the department of External affairs, which is now known as Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development. This led Pearson to move, to the United States of America as the Canadian ambassador to the United States. He was promoted to deputy minster of external affairs in 1946 by Prime Minister Mackenzie King. Pearson also had a very crucial role in convincing Canada to joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). This was Canada’s first military based peace alliance with the USA, Britain the some other nations of Western Europe. These events lead Lester Pearson to his greatest accomplishment in 1956 when he suggested a peacekeeping force to retrieve the British and French out of Europe during the Suez Crisis. It was these accomplishments that lead him to receive a Nobel Peace Prize. Pearson essentially started to mold Canada’s identity and started shaping it into something more, with the bases of peacekeeping. These series of events is what lead to Lester B Pearson, becoming the Prime Minister of Canada in April 22, 1963. During his time as Prime Minster, his accomplishments were many for the country. Some examples would be, the Canadian pension plan, universal health care system, unified arm...
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...impact involving the most influential Power in Society Nelson and a Human Movement One of the two most significant influences of Nelson Mandela on society involves him as one of 20th Century’s most dedicated human rights activists who fought for the movement of Anti-apartheid / Reformation and social change within world history. At the age of 9, after the death of his father, he began learning the role and qualities of a consensus leader under the guardianship of Jongintaba Dalindyebo of the powerful Thembu Regent. He later attended the Methodist primary and secondary institutions modeled after British schools at which he was introduced to western cultural values; he later received a B.A in correspondence at the University of South America and also a B.S in law from the University of Witwatersrand. In 1944 the African National Congress (ANC) was establish. He became their key negotiator, beginning his life’s journey of promoting the eradication of Apartheid in a nonviolent manner and establishing equal opportunities’/ privileges’ of all individuals in South Africa. He stood for the abolishment of the 1948 Afrikaner-dominated National Parties policy which allowed South Africa’s racial segregation that classified individuals according to their racial groups which banned them from living together, dictated where one could live, what school one could attend, where they could work, where they could be hospitalized and even the place of burial. In 1952 he organized the Campaign...
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... In the War of 1812, the United States took on the greatest naval power in the world: Great Britain. The War of 1812 played a very important role in the molding of America as a nation, consisting of many battles, courageous leaders, and victory. The War of 1812 had an immense impact on the young nation’s future and was celebrated in the United States as “the second war of independence”. (“War of 1812” 1) The starting of this war had multiple causes. One of the causes of the war was that the Royal Navy outraged Americans by its practice of impressment, or removing seamen from U.S. merchant vessels and forcing them to serve on behalf of the British. Form 1803 to 1812, the British impressed some 6,000 American sailors. (“War of 1812 Timeline” 1) Another big cause of the war was that the British and the French were interfering with America’s trade system. Britain and France were both in conflict with each other and in an attempt to cut off supplies from reaching the enemy, both sides attempted to block the United States from trading with the other. From 1803 to 1807, the British seized 528 U.S. flag ships and France seized 206. One other cause was that Britain was encouraging Native Americans who were residing in America to revolt and turn hostile toward Americans. There were many incidents building up that fueled to the start of the War of 1812. First, there was the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair on June 22, 1807. This was the event in which the U.S. frigate Chesapeake...
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