...Inman-Roden Reading Assignment #1 Butterfly life history and temperature adaptations, dry open habitats select for increased fecundity and longevity Butterflies occupy many habitats from the tropics to the Artic with an extreme range of temperatures that affect their ability to deal with the environment. Body temperature is a crucial factor that affects reproductive performance. (Karlsson, Wiklund) Changes in temperature propose related performance curves can trigger a selective response in life history traits. This article explains the study of four types of butterflies and which environment they are most likely to reproduce in. They tested this idea by exploring how fecundity (fertility) and longevity are changed by different temperatures. They studied four types of saytrine butterflies, two were open landscape butterflies and two were classified as “woodland” butterflies. They tested to see which butterflies adapted to dry open landscapes as opposed to closed forest landscapes by keeping egg laying females in five different environments, temperatures ranging from 68 and 104 degrees. Two of the butterflies were tested in dry and hot environments and two were tested in shady environments. The open landscape group peaked at a higher temperature at 86 degrees and the group that was placed in a shady environment peaked at 77 degrees. The durability decreased with higher temperatures among all 4 butterflies. However the open landscape butterflies survived better in higher climates...
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...this essay I will argue that it is our job as the human race to do all that we can to take care of our planet and reduce the amount of global warming that humans are responsible for. This essay is significant because this is our world. Global warming may not be something that has a significant impact on our lives, but whether it is our grandchildren or great grandchildren, there will be consequences eventually for the human race and the other species that we share this planet with. While reading Kolbert’s book, there were a few chapters that stood out to me and got me thinking more in-depth about global warming in general. In chapter 4, Kolbert goes into details with a couple of scientists on the affects of global warming on a species of toad, several species of butterflies, and a species of mosquitoes. The golden toad was a bright, tangerine colored toad that could be found in the Monteverde Cloud Forest in north-central Costa Rica. This species of toad spends a majority of its life underground, only emerging above ground to reproduce. Once males mate with a female, she lays her eggs in small puddles that usually are no more than one inch deep. It only takes a few days for the tadpoles to emerge from the eggs, but it then requires four or five more weeks for metamorphosis to complete. During this whole period, the eggs and tadpoles are extremely dependant...
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...Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Group 5 Karey Brown Jeff Fortenberry Suzie Hall Samantha Vazquez International Issues Business BUSI 4703 Dr. Juan Castro December 17, 2002 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Why Butterfly Farming? 2 The History of Butterflies and Butterfly Farming 4 The Business of Butterfly Farming Butterflies 5 A Day in the Life of a Butterfly Farmer 6 Country Analysis: Costa Rica 8 The Land 9 Plant and Animal Life 10 The People 11 Greetings and Courtesies 13 Business Culture 14 The Economy 16 Table 1 17 Graphs 1, 2 18 Finance 18 Table 2 19 Government 19 Education 20 Health and Welfare 20 Resources 21 Agriculture 21 Table of Contents (cont.) Industry 22 Trade 22 Transportation 23 Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Operations Equipment and Supplies 25 Employees 27 Marketing Butterflies 28 Exportation/Shipping 31 Conclusion 32 Works Cited 33 Butterfly Beauties brochure Appendix Butterfly Beauties, Inc. Butterfly Farming in Costa Rica Executive Summary While the name may seem somewhat "flighty," butterfly farming is a serious business opportunity. The...
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...Butterflies in their adult stage can live from a week to nearly a year depending on the species. Many species have long larval life stages while others can remain dormant in their pupal or egg stages and thereby survive winters.[3] Butterflies may have one or more broods per year. The number of generations per year varies from temperate to tropical regions with Butterfly eggs are protected by a hard-ridged outer layer of shell, called the chorion. This is lined w Eggs are almost invariably laid on plants. Each species of butterfly has its own hostplant range and while some species of butterfly are restricted to just one species of plant, others use a range of plant species, often including members of a common family.[citation needed] The egg stage lasts a few weeks in most butterflies but eggs laid close to winter, especially in temperate regions, go through a diapause (resting) stage, and the hatching may take place only in spring. Other butterflies may lay their eggs in the spring and have them hatch in the summer. These butterflies are usually northern species, such as the Mourning Cloak (Camberwell Beauty) and the Large and Small Tortoiseshell butterflies.[citation needed] Caterpillars Caterpillars of Junonia coenia. Butterfly larvae, or caterpillars, consume plant leaves and spend practically all of their time in search of food. Although most caterpillars are herbivorous, a few species such as Spalgis epius and Liphyra brassolis are entomophagous (insect...
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...How technique works: The group Monarch Watch creates a kit for tagging Monarch butterflies. Each kit includes a sheet with 25 tags, a premigration newsletter, datasheet and instructions. The tags are stickers made up of polypropylene sheets printed with waterproof ink. Each sticker contains a series of three letters and three numbers and each year the tags receive their own unique series of numbers. Listed on the tag along with the unique identification number, includes an email address and phone number. The tags are available to anyone who wishes to volunteer and assist with the process. The process is performed by many volunteers throughout the US and Canada. The fall migration tagging goes from late August thru October, with concentrated efforts in September and early October when the butterflies migrate south to Mexico. Using a net, the butterfly is captured and removed from the net by firmly grasping the thorax. Once the butterfly is taken out of the net the tag is placed on discal cell on the underside of the hindwing. The sticker is placed in this spot because it is closer to the center of lift and gravity and does not hinder the butterflies’ flight. This position also is less harmful to the butterflies. Once the butterflies are tagged, the volunteer records the date, location and any other information on the datasheet they received with their packet. The butterfly is then released to continue its long journey. The information from the tag is sent back to Monarch Watch...
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...Butterfly larvae, or caterpillars, consume plant leaves and spend practically all of their time in search of food. Although most caterpillars are herbivorous, a few species such as Spalgis epius and Liphyra brassolis are entomophagous (insect eating). Some larvae, especially those of the Lycaenidae, form mutual associations with ants. They communicate with the ants using vibrations that are transmitted through the substrate as well as using chemical signals.[4][5] The ants provide some degree of protection to these larvae and they in turn gather honeydew secretions. Caterpillars mature through a series of stages called instars. Near the end of each instar, the larva undergoes a process called apolysis, in which the cuticle, a tough outer layer made of a mixture of chitin and specialized proteins, is released from the softer epidermis beneath, and the epidermis begins to form a new cuticle beneath. At the end of each instar, the larva moults the old cuticle, and the new cuticle expands, before rapidly hardening and developing pigment. Development of butterfly wing patterns begins by the last larval instar. Butterfly caterpillars have three pairs of true legs from the thoracic segments and up to 6 pairs of prolegs arising from the abdominal segments. These prolegs have rings of tiny hooks called crochets that help them grip the substrate. Some caterpillars have the ability to inflate parts of their head to appear snake-like. Many have false eye-spots to enhance this...
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...Life Cycle of a Butterfly Bamba, Phamella F. Name BEED 2-D Year and Section Second Semester S.Y 2013-2014 MRS. REMELIE R. ROBLES Instructor I. Objectives * Students will learn about the life cycle of a butterfly. * Identify the four different stages of a butterfly life cycle (from egg, caterpillar, pupa or cocoon, to a butterfly). II. Subject Matter Topic: Life Cycle of a Butterfly Materials: Real eggs of a butterfly, caterpillar, cocoon, a butterfly, pictures III. Procedure A. Motivation I’m a Hungry Caterpillar (tune of I’m a Little teapot) I’m hungry caterpillar Walking slowly Looking for something To fill my belly When I go to sleep I’ll make a little cocoon Pop! I’ll be a butterfly soon. B. Discussion I will show to the class the four different stages of a butterfly life cycle one by one, which are the eggs, caterpillar, cocoon and a butterfly and explain to them each stage. * The first stage is the eggs. This is where a girl butterfly lays eggs. She lays them on a leaf. * The second stage is the caterpillar. At this stage, the caterpillar eats all the time. It also grows really fast. * The third stage is the cocoon. The caterpillar makes a cocoon. It is mostly brown or green. This protects them. * The fourth stage is the butterfly. A butterfly comes out of the cocoon. It can now learn to fly. Butterflies are very colorful. * A butterfly finds a mate. When...
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...According to National Geographic monarch butterflies travel up to 3,000 miles each fall to their wintering site in central Mexico. In 2004, an estimated 550 million completed the winter migration, while in 2003 only 33 million arrived. Further, between 2012 and 2013, there was a 43.7 percent decrease in the area occupied by the butterflies in the winter sanctuaries, the decline has numerous reasons: climate change, deforestation, and habitat loss, agricultural use of pesticides and herbicides Monarch butterflies are known for the incredible mass migration that brings millions of them to California and Mexico each winter. North American monarchs are the only butterflies that make such a massive journey, the insects must begin this journey each fall ahead of cold weather, which will kill them if they tarry too long. Monarch butterflies reflect ecosystem health and biodiversity, they are pollinators which make them very important for plan reproduction, and ecosystem sustainability. During the journey north, monarchs produce four generations, and share habitat with small birds and animals which feed larger birds and animals. Monarch butterflies begin life as eggs and hatch as larvae that eat their eggshells and, subsequently, the milkweed plants on which they were placed, short after that the larvae become juicy, colorful caterpillars, then create a hard protective case around themselves as they enter the pupa stage. Although Monarch butterflies may well qualify as one of the most beautiful...
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...A different sort of book For everyone Except for those who have given up completely (and even they might secretly enjoy it) HOPE FOR THE FLOWERS words and pictures by (1972) Trina Paulos HOPE FOR THE FLOWERS Trina Paulos A tale…. Partly about life Partly about revolution And lots about hope For adults and others (including caterpillars who can read) Many thanks To everyone All over the world Who has helped me Believe in the butterfly. This is the tale Of a caterpillar Who has trouble Becoming what He really is. It is like myself – like us. Love Trina To the “more” of love – the real revolution And my father who believed in it. CHAPTER 1 Once upon a time A tiny striped caterpillar Burst from the egg Which had been home For so long. “Hello world,” he said. “It sure is bright out here in the sun.” “I’m hungry,” he thought and straightaway began to eat the leaf he was born on. And he ate another… and another….and another. And got bigger…and bigger….and bigger…. Until one day he stopped Eating and thought, “There must be more to life that just eating and getting bigger. “It’s getting dull.” So Stripe crawled down From the friendly tree Which had shaded and fed him. He was seeking more. There were all sorts of new things to find. Grass and dirt and holes and tiny bugs – each fascinated him. But nothing satisfied him. When he came across some other crawlers like himself he was especially excited. But they were so busy eating They had...
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...Butterflies are Great. According to Wikipedia- “Butterfly eggs are protected by a hard-ridged outer layer of shell, called the chorion. This is lined with a thin coating of wax which prevents the egg from drying out before the larva has had time to fully develop. Each egg contains a number of tiny funnel-shaped openings at one end, called micropyles; the purpose of these holes is to allow sperm to enter and fertilize the egg. Butterfly and moth eggs vary greatly in size between species, but they are all either spherical or ovate. Butterfly eggs are fixed to a leaf with a special glue which hardens rapidly. As it hardens it contracts, deforming the shape of the egg. This glue is easily seen surrounding the base of every egg forming a meniscus. The nature of the glue is unknown and is a suitable subject for research. The same glue is produced by a pupa to secure the setae of the cremaster. This glue is so hard that the silk pad, to which the setae are glued, cannot be separated. Eggs are usually laid on plants. Each species of butterfly has its own hostplant range and while some species of butterfly are restricted to just one species of plant, others use a range of plant species, often including members of a common family. The egg stage lasts a few weeks in most butterflies but eggs laid close to winter, especially in temperate regions, go through a diapause (resting) stage, and the hatching may take place only in spring. Other butterflies may lay their eggs in the spring and...
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...embrace emerging experience. I participate in discovery. I am a butterfly. I am not a butterfly collector. I want the experience of the butterfly.” -William Stafford With the rise of knowledge about endangered species and diminishing protected ecology, it is becoming essential to study and get involved with this very tragic trend in our environment. Butterflies are one of the many insects that require attention. Despite of their usefulness, conservation of butterflies in our country is seemingly neglected This research aims to focus in Atrophaneura semperi. A butterfly species, considered endemic in the Philippines. (backpackingphilippines.com/2008/10/lep…) Not only has my huge interest in butterflies led me to pursuing this topic but also a certain curiosity about this specific species and how widely spread it is in the Philippines and all over the world. I would like to discuss its importance, the reproductive cycle, and the protection programs offered for their specific case, as I go through the next chapters of this study. Data generated could be used for species monitoring, biogeography, conservation program and creation of database information of butterflies in the Philippines as economic development and climate change progresses. II. TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE Some researchers theorize that butterflies most likely originated in the Cretaceous period when the continents...
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...(Life Cycle of a Butterfly) Objective: You will be able to describe the process a caterpillar goes through to become a butterfly. Student Role: A news reporter of a science television station Audience: Your favorite television station viewers Format: An informative newscast report Topic: Have you ever wondered what a caterpillar goes through to become a butterfly? Directions: 1. Visit The Children’s Butterfly Site to learn more about the butterfly life cycle. 2. Use a storyboard worksheet to map out your script. 3. Type your script so it is easy to read. 4. Practice reading your script aloud until you feel you can read it fluently and with expression. 5. Create a video at Screencast-O-Matic. 6. Read and record your script as a professional news reporter. Resources: Websites to visit: The Children’s Butterfly Site http://www.kidsbutterfly.org/life-cycle Enchanted Learning : All About Butteflies http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/lifecycle/ Learn About Nature theButterflySite.com http://www.thebutterflysite.com/life-cycle.shtml The Life Cycle of a Butterfly http://www.tooter4kids.com/LifeCycle/Butterfly_Life_Cycle.htm The Very Hungry Caterpillar and Its Life Cycle http://education.nationalgeographic.org/activity/the-very-hungry-caterpillar-and-the-butterfly-life-cycle/ Assessment: Prepare a 3-5-minute script for a newscast segment to explain how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly. Explain the steps...
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...Name: Professor: Course: Date: The Dawn Appears with Butterflies Joy Harjo’s poem “The Dawn Appears with Butterflies” describes death and dying, familial relationships and spirituality. It is a story told in first person, of a young husband who has died suddenly, leaving his wife “to the grace (that) we pursue as wild horses (pursue) the wind,” (lines 17,18) and the young widow has to leave before dawn to prepare her late husband’s body for burial. It is the widow’s friend, who tells this story in prose, surmising that life is the “gradual return to the maker of the butterflies” (line 29). It is a story of grievance and preparation for burial that comes off as humorous as well as deeply unreasonable and confusing. The speaker and the young widow spend the night before the funeral, waiting for dawn and the depth of the widow’s loss is counterbalanced – “your tears made a pale butterfly, the color of dawn” (line 25)- by the depth of connection with the universe and the acceptance of the inescapability of death to us all. It is Harjo’s use of the butterflies-at-dawn imagery that infuses joy and triumph over the darkness in the incessant continuum of dawn versus darkness, and brings about thoughts on the nature of grief and the part that spirituality plays in the grieving process. In this poem, Harjo uses several elements. She uses metaphors in some instances “Your grief is the dark outlining the stars” (lines 18, 19), “Everything is a prayer for this journey” (line 58), and...
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...Vanessa virginiensis The Monarch Butterfly, or Vanessa virginiensis, is a large orange or black butterfly that is most known for its distinctive multi-generational migration from Canada to Mexico and vice versa. Many conservation societies are beginning to raise awareness about the conservation and safe use of herbicides that have affected the Monarch over the last few years, after a ten-fold decrease in the population. The Monarch can be found in the entirety of the Continental United States, as well as Canada and Mexico, depending on the season. As well as being found in the United States, a common attractant of the butterfly is a plant called milkweed, which is often a host plant in which the Monarchs’ eggs are laid. Monarchs have many...
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...A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. Butterflies comprise the true butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea), the skippers (superfamily Hesperioidea) and the moth-butterflies (superfamily Hedyloidea). All the many other families within the Lepidoptera are referred to as moths. The earliest known butterfly fossils date to the mid Eocene epoch, between 40–50 million years ago. Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism. Some, like the Monarch, will migrate over long distances. Some butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic relationships with social insects such as ants. Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; however, some species are agents of pollination of some plants, and caterpillars of a few butterflies (e.g., Harvesters) eat harmful insects. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts. Wing development Wings or wing pads are not visible on the outside of the larva, but when larvae are dissected, tiny developing wing disks can be found on the second and third thoracic segments, in place of the spiracles that are apparent on abdominal segments. Wing disks develop...
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