...whether it was through parody, fetishization, or just pure replication; as well as what aspects of the culture they chose to reflect on. The sheer diversity of themes and styles covered by the various pop artists means that one cannot be too reductive when analysing this art movement. It is therefore with this in mind that this essay will examine just two Pop artists, Andy Warhol and Tom Wesselmann, to examine both artists’ use of commercial methods teamed with images borrowed from popular culture and how they established their own unique technique and style to reflect on the capitalist culture rising in America. Post-war America was a time of great growth and development, as America moved into a position of political and economic leadership, newfound pride in the American way of life and American culture flourished. The economic boom meant newfound freedom for Americans, as having money and freely spending it became a primary aspect of the American identity. However, with this prosperity came great pressure by the government on the people of America to continue their high consumption patterns to maintain the economic growth in the country. Thus it was to be that consumerism, commercialism and the celebrity were to define the general post-war climate within America, and it was these values...
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...pieces by Andy Warhol from the Bank of America Collection such as Endangered Species, Flowers, Jews of the Twentieth Century, Myths, Muhammad Ali and Space Fruits spanning his career from the 1950's through 1986. These portfolios provide the viewer a brilliant mirror of postwar America, as well as insight into Warhol’s forms and ideas that continue to influence artists today. According to Christopher Leitch, director of the Kansas City Museum at Corinthian Hall, "this is the largest number of Warhol’s works ever gathered together in one place.” Obviously, Warhol made art to become "commonism" due to taking everyday objects and later newspaper and celebrity photographs and turning them into art such as the Coca-Cola bottles and the Campbell soup cans. I’m interested in the silk-screen process, created by Andy Warhol, in which paint was forced onto canvas through a high-contrast negative stencil attached to the fabric after striking color were added to selected areas, so images were often duplicated with alternative color schemes. The technique seems to be simple but very effective in art and now is very common. Among his work, I’m really amazed in Marilyn Monroe because her beauty becomes gorgeous and different to the original photo. I research some information about Andy Warhol to understand about him as well as his art work. He was a painter, an...
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...Kyle Riddlespurger Ms. Brandeberry Photography Red 1 November 16, 2015 Jacques Henri Lartigue For my photography project I chose to research Jacques Henri Lartigue. Lartigue was a French photographer that was born on June 13, 1894 and lived till September 12, 1986 (92 years old). He was most recognized for his for his photographs of automobile races, planes, and Parisian models. Lartigue was born in Courbevoie, France to a wealthy family and began taking his first photos by the age of seven. He was given a brownie no. 2 and captured all sorts of things like his family and sports events. Many of his images became well known and were originally captured through stereo. He also produced his photos in all formats and media like glass plates, autochromes, and films. Though he was selling his images during his Middle Ages, he didn't get his initial fame until he was 69. The images which he took during his boyhood were discovered by Charles Rado; a member of the Rapho Agency. Rado introduced Lartigue to the curator of the Museum of Modern Art (New York), John Szarkowski, who arranged an exhibition of his work at the museum. This exhibition is what kickstarted Lartigue's fame and exposed him to the industry. This led to him to receiving multiple job offers as well as recognition from other countries. He eventually became chosen to be the President of France Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Lartigue was rewarded with his first French retrospective at the Musée des Arts...
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...developed in England during the mid-1950s and produced realistic variations of well-known, everyday objects. He moved away from his technique of the blotted line and instead used canvas and paint. At first he had difficulty choosing what he was going to paint, but throughout the course of his pop art era he focused on four main subjects: product paintings, cartoon paintings, movie stars, and death. His first versions of pop art were called product paintings. These paintings showed popular consumer items that were familiar to the average American person, such as Brillo soap pads, Coca-Cola bottles, and the most famous of all, Campbell’s soup cans. He chose products such as these because they were top-selling products in the United States and they were considered important, useful, and economical by consumers. He drew his inspiration from the leftover Campbell’s soup cans and Coca-Cola bottles that he used at lunch. Andy Warhol’s second type of paintings was drawn from comic strips and comic books. Examples of these cartoon paintings include Dick Tracy (1961) and Superman (1960). Although he had begun to produce these before the product paintings, this phase lasted only a short period of time – once he discovered that Roy Lichtenstein was also painting characters from comic strips (seen in Castelli’s Gallery), he decided that he needed to find a different subject matter. After his attempts with American products and comic strips, Warhol began doing productions of Hollywood movie...
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...Subject Matter * produced realistic variations of well-known, everyday objects * throughout the course of his pop art era he focused on four main subjects: product paintings, cartoon paintings, movie stars, and death. * product paintings- showed popular consumer items that were familiar to the average American person, such as Brillo soap pads, Coca-Cola bottles, and the most famous of all, Campbell’s soup cans. * chose products such as these because they were top-selling products in the United States and they were considered important, useful, and economical by consumers * Warhol’s second type of paintings was drawn from comic strips and comic books. Examples of these cartoon paintings include Dick Tracy (1961) and Superman (1960). * began doing productions of Hollywood movie stars, the most well-known being those of Elvis Presley, Marilyn Monroe, and Elizabeth Taylor * Politics and newsworthy events and imagery were also captured in his art., The Birmingham riots were captured along with several other images of the civil rights movement. Mushroom clouds, electric chairs and police dogs were also depicted. His signature art style was silkscreened, mass-produced canvas art in variations of color in multiple editions. Andy Warhol used commercial silkscreening to create multiple copies of his art pieces. Based on close-up portraits of his subject material, silkscreen techniques enabled him to produce the same image in multiple color variations. He...
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...Name ENGL 2303 ___ 23 Jun 2010 The Life of Andy Warhol Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Andy Warhol and the artistic contributions he made to society. Thesis: I will accomplish this by discussing his background information, his contribution to Pop Art, and some of his other areas of artistic interest. Introduction I. I will use a statement that draws attention to how much Andy Warhol influenced art in the 20th century. II. I will establish my credibility by how and where I researched the information about Warhol. III. The purpose is to inform my audience about Andy Warhol and the artistic contributions he made to society. A. This will give background information about Andy Warhol’s life and important events. B. This will tell how he was a part of the art style Pop Art and what he did with this. C. This will tell what other types of creative work he did such as fashion and filmmaking. (Transition: Before we get into his art, I’d like to discuss how his life started out and some personal information about him.) Body I. I will tell about Andy Warhol’s upbringing and special events in his life from the print source “The Wigged Out World of Andy Warhol” by Todd Lyon A.Warhol started from humble beginnings: he was born in a Catholic household and was ill so he stayed in his room much of the time with comic books. B. His father died when he was 14 years old and he used the money left behind to attend the Carnegie Institute...
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...culture such as news or by responding to clever advertisements. Pop art often incorporates irony and consumer goods and usually with very bright colours. Artists often used pop art to communicate to people and let everybody know their thoughts on different issues. Most pop art are variations of well known, everyday objects. 3)Warhol’s works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement. Throughout the course of his pop art era he focused on four main subjects: product paintings, cartoon paintings, movie stars, and death. These paintings showed popular consumer items that were familiar to the average American person, such as Brillo soap pads, Coca-Cola bottles, and the most famous of all, Campbell’s soup cans. He chose products such as these because they were top-selling products in the United States and they were considered important, useful, and economical by consumers. Andy Warhol’s second type of paintings was drawn from comic strips and comic books. Examples of these cartoon paintings include Dick Tracy (1961) and Superman (1960). he decided that he...
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...comics. These early works were first shown as back drops for department store windows and were painted in loosely brushed style based on Abstract Expressionism. Warhol’s first works using comic material tended to soften hard professional gestures and aggressive vocabulary of the texts and images. Warhol countered the scrupulous accuracy of the original genre with imprecision and deliberate error. In doing so, he soiled the comic strips narrow-minded ideological and decorative purity. Andy Warhol’s next series, depicting the mass-produced goods of Compels Soup cans and Coke bottles, captured the clean-edged look of commercially manufactured objects and made him famous. He also turned his art into mass produced objects. At the time many critics were up in arms over the banal subject matter. Abstract Expressionists were also angry at losing their place in the art market to a young upstart commercial artist. Campbell’s soup had a special significance to Warhol because it was his favorite meal as a child;...
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...“They say that time changes things, but you actually have to change them your self” . Is it ever possible to call art everyday objects? One soup can, may be really boring but is it possible 100 of them being an actual piece of art having an incredible value? Can it be possibly believed that Homer Simpson is in the world wide history of art? "Everything is beautiful. Pop is everything." Everything is allowed in Pop Art. Abstract Expressionism held sway for fifteen years. But in the early sixties, a group of artists occurred. They were much more different from all other artists since their subjects were Coke bottles, beer and soup cans, comic strip characters and hamburgers. Having to do with so common things mostly everyone has and being so popular objects their movement was labeled Pop Art. Pop Art is basically a 20th century art movement that utilized the imagery and techniques of consumerism and popular culture. It was really easy of it to develop since by the mid to late 1950s the economic and social climate was changing enormously, and so it was really easy for new generation of painters to interest society. Pop Art developed in the United States and in Britain mostly. In the United States the artists were responding to the nation’s consumer society well as in Britain the style had a more nostalgic flavour. The main difference in my opinion of British Pop art and American Pop art is that in the first we have an overtone of melancholy which was not been shared yet in...
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...cultural items (Pop Art, in Wikipedia). A few of the important painters of this movement are Jasper Johns, Robert Rauschenberg, and Andy Warhol. In the sixties, a group of artists, led by Andy Warhol invented a “new American realism” called Pop Art. Pop represented American life at that time, with ubiquitous Campbell’s soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles, and comic strips. One of the chief tactics of the Pop artists was to “transform the everyday into the monumental”. According to Sayre, Pop Art left behind traditional artistic media like painting, and turned instead to pieces made with mechanical reproduction techniques, such as photolithography. These methods evoked commercial illustration more than fine art (Sayre, 512-13). Andy Warhol was an American painter, printmaker, and filmmaker who became famous not only for his work in these areas, but also for his association with celebrities, intellectuals, and wealthy buyers. It was Warhol that came up with the saying, “15 minutes of fame”. Andy’s most famous painting is Campbell's Soup Cans, also called 32 Campbell's Soup Cans. Produced in 1962, it consists of thirty-two canvases, each with a painting of a Campbell's Soup can, one...
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...production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance (Dictionary, 2012). Some of our most revered American’s brought us the visual aspects of different forms of art. Norman Rockwell posted many of the most famous painting by an American in The Saturday Evening Post. One of his most illustrious paintings was “Rosie The Riveter” that spawned a revolution for women in the workplace taking over job’s dominated by men called off to war. There have been many others who have influenced art in America. Grandma Moses, who started painting as a very late stage in her life painted country scene setting and about farm life, Andy Warhol, who is most famous for painting Campbell’s Soup cans (Mofitt, 2007). Frederic Remington for his depictions of the Old American West in the late 19th century, and Georgia O’keefe for her Southwestern United States painting scenes to name a few. Culture comes from ones upbringing. Culture is defined as the behaviors and beliefs characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group (Dictionary, 2012). It reinforces our beliefs, traditions, language, food, and demographics. Culture is a learned behavior, such as manners, communicating with others, family values, and clothing. According to Dennis O’Neil, culture is a powerful human...
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...degree from Carnegie Institute for Technology, where he studied pictorial design. He quickly moved to New York City, where he would develop the 1960s Pop art movements. He landed a job with Glamour magazine in September 1945, doing drawings. He also drew advertising for Vogue, Harper's Bazzar, book jackets, and holiday greeting cards. His first solo exhibition was held at Hugo Gallery, New York, in 1952. It featured drawings to illustrate stories by Truman Capote. (Hou, 1990) He received many accolades for his work, including the 35th Annual Art Directors Club Award for Distinctive Merit in 1956, and the 36th Annual Art Directors Club Medal and Award of Distinctive Merit in 1957. (Hou, 1990) In 1962, he exhibited the paintings of Campbell's soup cans, which has become a “Pop Art”icon. His most famous celebrity models include Marilyn Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, Mick Jagger and Mao Zedong.(Hou, 1990) His portrait " Eight Elvises" sold for $100 million dollars in 2008. It is known as one of the most valuable paintings in world history. (Hou, 1990) Warhol began to make his first paintings in 1960, based on comic strips and Coca-Cola bottles. In November 1964, opened his own art studio known as "The Factory",became know to frequent nightclubs like Studio 54 and Max's Kansas City,and began his self portrait series. (Hou, 1990) (Warhol, 2013) On June 3, 1968, Warhol was shot by Valerie Solanas[->0], the founder of SCUM . He survived , however, spent two months in a hospital. A film...
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...Dynamic Era In examining leaders it is apparent that successful leaders, particularly when leading through difficult times need to be able to transform and drive change through creative and innovative approaches, in a way that inspires and transforms both the people and therefore the organisation (Johnson, 2009). Conant is an example of a transformational leader who used a people centred approach to turn around the Campbell’s Soup company. In 2001 Campbell’s share price had dropped by 50% in three years (Gerdeman, 2013). Sales of canned soup had declined in a highly competitive market and 62% of its managers considered themselves not actively engaged in their jobs (Waghorn, 2009). However, By 2010, Campbell’s total shareholder return, at 68% was nearly 5 times the return of the S&P 500 and employee active engagement levels soared to 62%, which is an engagement ratio of 23:1. Gallup Organisation considers 12:1 to be ‘world class’ (Waghorn, 2009). How did Conant achieve this? No one leadership strategy can transform a business this close to failure. For Campbell’s it took a combination of cost control, innovation, a change in marketing direction and especially, a concerted effort to invigorate the workforce and change its culture (Waghorn, 2009). Conant believes that of all the measurable elements in building culture, engagement correlates most closely to shareholder returns. Conant’s people focussed strategy states that “to win in the market place…you must first win in the...
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...The CEO Institute Bill Knaust BUSI 630 FHSU “An effective training program needs a high-quality program design to maximize trainee learning and transfer of training. Program design refers to the organization and coordination of the training program.” (Noe, p. 193) Doug Conant became CEO of Campbell’s Soup in 2001 in the midst of a tumultuous time for the company. Campbell’s Soup stock was hitting rock bottom and “in Conant’s words, the company had "a very toxic culture." Employees were disheartened, management systems were dysfunctional, trust was low, and a lot of people felt and behaved like victims” (Duncan, 2014). To change the culture, Conant implemented the CEO Institute to “create a meaningful leadership experience for its participants” (Noe, p. 228). The design elements of the CEO Institute follow the three phases of the program design process. Using the design process allows Campbell’s to teach and train employees through learning which refers to a permanent change in human behaviors, and competencies that are not the result of growth processes. Transfer of training refers to trainees effectively and continually applying what they have learned in training to their jobs. (Noe, 152) This entire process is based on the adult learning theory, how adults learn. Phase 1, pre-training, involves preparing, motivating, and energizing trainees to attend the learning event. Phase 1 also involves ensuring that the work environment supports learning...
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...The CEO Institute at Campbell Soup Benjamin Stern Organizational Training and Development BUSI 531 Columbia College Under the leadership of Douglas Conant, Campbell Soup instituted a program known as the CEO Institute (Duncan, 2014). Conant saw a need to develop and engage employees since “the company had ‘a very toxic culture.’ Employees were disheartened, management systems were dysfunctional, trust was low, and a lot of people felt and behaved like victims” (Duncan, 2014). Recognizing that employment engagement was part of the problem, Conant sought to transform the culture of Campbell Soup. “When Conant first entered the scene, employee engagement was extremely anemic: for every two people actively engaged, one person was looking for a job” (Duncan, 2014). Conant knew that workers "won’t be personally engaged unless they believe their leader is personally engaged in trying to make their lives better" (Duncan, 2014). The CEO Institute arose out of the need to inspire such leaders and bring about a transformation in Campbell Soup’s culture. “The goal of the CEO Institute at the Campbell Soup Company is to “create a meaningful leadership experience for its participants” (Noe, 2013, p. 228). “The CEO Institute is a unique, intensive, two-year program only open to 20-24 participants per year. Candidates must be submitted for consideration by their business unit president or functional leader” (Newell, 2011). Upon their selection, “each participant is required to handwrite...
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