...The urban in fragile, uncertain, neoliberal times: towards new geographies of social justice? R. ALAN WALKS Department of Geography, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Cananda L5L 1C6 (e-mail: alan.walks@utoronto.ca) Canadian cities are at a crossroads. The neoliberalization of governance at multiple scales, inadequate re-investment in urban infrastructure, increasing reliance on continental and international trade, and the restructuring of the space economy have combined to weaken Canada’s cities just as the global economic system is undergoing transformation. Canadian urban geographic scholarship has much to offer under current conditions, and is already making significant contributions in key areas. In particular, research on what might be called the contours and impacts of urban restructuring and the neoliberal city, immigration and cities of difference, and urban environmental justice show much promise and are likely to define the core of Canadian urban geography into the future. Key words: cities, urban geography, Canada, economic restructuring, neoliberalism, social justice L’urbain ` une ´poque fragile, incertaine et a e n´olib´rale: vers de nouvelles g´ographies de la e e e justice sociale? ` Les villes canadiennes sont a la crois´e des chemins. e Alors que l’´conomie mondiale traverse une p´riode e e de transformation, la situation des villes au Canada se pr´carise avec les effets de la restructuration e ` n´olib´rale de la gouvernance a multiples...
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...technological change. Such changes inevitably alter the human experience of place and space and leads to shifts of thinking from one population to the next. Over time, cultures begin to overlap and influence each other and this influence plays immense roles in the development of independent nations’ political and economic systems as well as the well being of their people. Lecture 2 3. Define “chorology” and the importance of a “chorological view” to Geography. Chorology is defined as “the study of regions and spaces”. The modern discipline can be traced back to 18th century philosophers: Immanuel Kant believed all knowledge could be divided into either geography (classifying things according to space) or history (classifying things according to time). Geography was seen at first only in terms of exploration as an instrument of colonialism and imperialism. The goal of a “chorological view” is to have a comprehensive understanding of characteristics of spaces and regions. Therefore chorology can be considered as a specialization within geography that allows us to describe spaces and regions through the observation of their particular traits. 4. Explain Ratzel’s concept of Lebensraum. Ratzel was...
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...Chapter 1 - Geography Matters: Definitions: * Human geography the study of the spatial organization of human activity and of people’s relationships with their environments * Cartography: the body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth’s surface in the form of maps * Map projection: a systematic rendering on a flat surface of the geographic coordinates of the features found on Earth’s surface * Ethnocentrism: the attitude that a persona’s own race and culture are superior to those of others * Imperialism: the extension of the power of a nation through direct/indirect control of the economic and political life of other territories * Masculinism: the assumption that the world is and should be shaped mainly by men for men * environmental determinism: a doctrine holding that human activities are controlled by the environment * globalization: the increasing interconnectedness of different parts of the world through common processes of economic, environmental political and cultural change * ecumene: the total habitable area of a country. Sine it depends on the prevailing technology, the available ecumene varies over time. Canada’s ecumene is so much less than its total area. * Geodemographic research: investigation using census data and commercial data (i.e. sales data and property records) about populations of small districts to create profiles of those populations for market research ...
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...Growing up in Canada with a life-long fascination for Canadian geography, I have always been interested in returning to the country. Although my family moved to the US before I entered high school, I have always kept my eyes turned north, especially in recent years as I began to read journal articles about research conducted on John Evans Glacier, located about 80 N latitude. Graduating next semester with a B.S. in computer science and engineering and a minor in geographic information systems, I am interested in attending the University of Alberta for graduate study. Geographic information systems (GIS) is a field especially suited to investigating spatial patterns, modeling diverse scenarios, and overlaying spatial data. This semester, in my advanced GIS course, Spatial Data Structures and Algorithms, I am part of a team developing a temporal database and program for tracing historical trading data. My computer science skills have also been put to use in two summer internship projects, where I acquired proficiency with using LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology, now favored by NASA in its current 10-year study of Greenland and changes in the ice cap extent. Through my coursework and project experience, I have also accrued skills in using Arc/Info, ArcView, Microstation, and RDBMS software packages, and I am equally comfortable programming in Visual Basic, C++, and Java. For my graduate research project, I would like to investigate methods for improving...
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...ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Y U K O A O YA M A J A M E S T. M U R P H Y SUSAN HANSON KEY CONCEPTS IN key concepts in economic geography The Key Concepts in Human Geography series is intended to provide a set of companion texts for the core fields of the discipline. To date, students and academics have been relatively poorly served with regards to detailed discussions of the key concepts that geographers use to think about and understand the world. Dictionary entries are usually terse and restricted in their depth of explanation. Student textbooks tend to provide broad overviews of particular topics or the philosophy of Human Geography, but rarely provide a detailed overview of particular concepts, their premises, development over time and empirical use. Research monographs most often focus on particular issues and a limited number of concepts at a very advanced level, so do not offer an expansive and accessible overview of the variety of concepts in use within a subdiscipline. The Key Concepts in Human Geography series seeks to fill this gap, providing detailed description and discussion of the concepts that are at the heart of theoretical and empirical research in contemporary Human Geography. Each book consists of an introductory chapter that outlines the major conceptual developments over time along with approximately twenty-five entries on the core concepts that constitute the theoretical toolkit of geographers working within a specific subdiscipline. Each entry provides...
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...ECONOMICS OF SCALE Name Institution Economics of scale Introduction Economies of scale is the cost advantages by enterprises due to size, input, or scale of operation with cost per unit decreasing with increasing scale as fixed costs are spread out more to units of output (Thatcher, 2009). The reason why some regions are more developed than other regions economically is because they produce their goods more efficiently and hence bringing more profit than competitor's regions. Since economies of scale lay it main focus on having an efficient production this shapes the economic development of regions. This paper is about economies of scale it describes how economies of scale shape the economic development of regions through description of different types of economies of scale and examples of countries and regions around the global (Stamp, 2009). Structure Definition Economies of scale is the cost advantages by enterprises due to size, input, or scale of operation, with cost per unit decreasing with increasing scale as fixed costs are spread out more to units of output. Economies of scale are known to improve with growing firms, therefore; it can be said that the economies of scale are directly proportional to the size of the firm (Stamp, 2009). From a simple firm which produces exercise books, the firm uses £200 to produce 10 exercise books meaning the average cost is £20 if the firm produces 40 exercise books the average cost is £12.The difference here is brought by...
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...What is human geography ? Nature of place Meanings Assumptions and expectations Disciple and power relations Developing Location.. whats here why is it here Region (imaginary- formal, function and perceptual) Place Landscape 2.1 What is globalization 2.2 what are the connections between globalization and geographical ? 2.3 why do some people or groups oppose globalization Political geography 3.1 spiritual organization-states nations 3.2 the modern nation-state 3.4 Geopolitics and critical geopolitics. 3.5 supranational organizations and the future of the state Understanding the current world map POLITICAL GEORAPHY study the effect of political actions on humans geography. spatial analysis of political phenomenon moving around people are going around. Ex china going to Afghanistan for resources The study of states- their groupings and global relations. France cannot stand the US.. their relationship is lost Territory, sovereignty, and boundaries TERRITORITALITY a country’s or local community’s sense of property and attachment toward its territory, as expressed by its determination to keep it inviolable and strongly defended (text pg 53) it’s a space of something its our natural action to protect or control our territory.. and meaning of territory. Must all the land be owned? Ex even when we went to the moon we had to plant a flag and say it was ours SOVEREIGNTYexclusive control over territory a principle of international relations(all...
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...Themes and Traditions of Geography Jennifer Friedrichsen Geography 100 4/20/2012 Dr. Siri Nimal Wickramaratne Themes and Traditions of Geography “Geography is the science that studies the relationships among natural systems, geographic areas, society, culture activities, and the independence of all of these over space.” (Christopherson, 2010, p. 4) Over time there have been two attempts that have influenced the basic understanding of geographic information, which allows us to gain additional and improved knowledge as well as appreciation for environmental changes and the different cultures around the world. These attempts are The Four Traditions of Geography and The Five Themes of Geography. Four Traditions of Pattison The four traditions consist of the spatial tradition, area tradition, man-land tradition and earth science tradition. Spatial Tradition is an “academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates geographic phenomena from a strictly spatial perspective” (Pidwirny, 2006). Spatial Tradition focuses on the mapping, positioning, direction, and distance, the characteristics of the form and movement related to these aspects or the distribution of phenomena. Area Studies Tradition is “an academic tradition in modern Geography that investigates an area on the Earth from a geographic perspective at either the local, regional, or global scale” (Pidwirny, 2006). This is the descriptions of different areas or regions. The nature of these...
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...kkkkk ? and ?Late Ferry?. Through poetic devices, Gray enriches our understanding of the concept of journeys and expands our knowledge. However, by contrasting ?Late Ferry... Save Paper Inner Journey- Alibrandi, My Place, The Road Not Taken development towards a better understanding of themselves and the world around them. The growth we derive from such journeys can present us with an avenue for self... Save Paper Statement Of Purpose I could engage with persons from diverse backgrounds and cultures to expand my understanding of the world I live in. I have a desire to go beyond the boundaries... Testing extent has studying the concept of physical journeys expanded your understanding of yourself, of individual, and of the world? Peter Skrzyneckis Immigrant... The Power Of Journeys along the way, and the experiences we possess. Journeys have the ultimate power to change our thinking, our ideas and concepts, inevitably changing us individually... Save Paper Inner Journeys extent has studying the concept of inner journeys expanded your understanding of yourself individuals and of the world? Inner journeys are about the process in... Journeys Lead The Traveller To Knowledge other end of the scale, Priscilla: Queen of the Desert also maintains the concept of Journeys lead the traveller to knowledge, but in a more clever and humorous way... Save Paper Journey Speech story of Edwards view on himself from a different perspective as a hero...
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...Possible Questions National Geographic Society 1. Fahey remarks about magazine piles “ that has come to haunt people today don’t want clutter. Comment? 2. How can Fahey promote cross functional and cross divisional collaboration by bringing radical changes in business model from paper to digital. 3. What should be the best strategy for fahey to integrate the media and magazine by transforming the culture, behavior and value of a legacy organization. 4. In 1994 Fahey was CEO of ‘Life Time’ ironically facing same challenges with earlier generation of media and technology. Fifteen years later same person is seen as elite general manager at work in a completely different organization. Has his thinking and management style changed? 5. Whom should the e commerce boss report to? How to transform a 123-year-old cultural icon and prepare it for the digital world? Slowly, Key concepts include: 1. Practitioners need to understand the power of the history of their own organizations in order to effect change. 2. Making transformational changes at the National Geographic Society involved pulling management levers to alter a deeply ingrained culture, develop new organizational capabilities, and design a compensation structure aligned with new values. 3. A one-size-fits-all approach to management doesn't work. General managers encountering similar problems in different organizations may need different solutions to solve them. That has come back to...
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...Summary: The Bhutan country was an emerging market. They strived to instill innovative leaders who wanted to open up to foreign markets. The main industrial strive to increase its growing tourism business was in the form of Royal Bhutan Airlines. They experienced industry growth. This caused them to rethink their strategy of high value low volume. This was due to wanting to preserve the culture and geography of the small nation of under 700 thousand people. Royal Bhutan Airlines was contemplating how to increase size and lower costs by online booking, increased domestic travel, and alliance partnerships. Issues: The major issues that interfered with growth was corporate culture, tariffs, seasonal traffic, and logistical burdens. For starters, Royal Bhutan Airlines was a direct extension from the government since it was designed as a taxi service for Indian officials. They were set on preserving the pristine nature of the Bhutan culture, religious and geographically. Hence why they set small limits on tourists coming in and out of the country. Tariffs caused higher prices on people traveling to the country due to having to go through specific travel agents. Season trends were a large portion of the problem for Royal Bhutan Airlines. To solve this problem, consider buying smaller more economical planes that are only used during slower seasons. It would help with the load percentage. During peak seasons bring out the larger aircrafts. This would also reduce wear...
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...Introduction Javan gibbon is an endemic species in West Java and it is categorized as endangered species now (IUCN, 2008). Javan gibbon habitat is sentralized in lowland forest and mountain forest, one of that are situated at Gunung Tilu Protected Area. However the area has been facing many problems which resulted from human activites such as stealing the forest products, and the existence of tea plantation in this protected area. The research objectives is to develop the habitat suitability map of Javan gibbon in Gunung Tilu Protected Area (GTPA) utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS). Method Javan gibbon habitat suitability mapping was initiated by collection the spatial and attribute data, such as digital map, data survey, and literature. This mapping was based on some habitat variable which determine the Javan gibbon habitat suitability, namely Leaf Area Index (LAI), accesibility (elevation and slope), and distance to road. Variables then were analyzed with GIS and produced thematic map for each variable. Javan gibbon distribution survey data in GTPA by KONUS (Konservasi Alam Nusantara) was used for determine the weight value of habitat variable using a Principal Componenet Analysis (PCA). Result of PCA were utilized as weight to determine Javan gibbon habitat suitability model. Furthermore, the model analyzed by using scoring and overlay methode. Result and disscussion The habitat suitability model: IKH = (2,154xFLAI) + (2,154xFjalan) + (1,044xFtinggi)...
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...English 269: Intro to Cultural Studies 30 September 2010 Cultural Geography Project The small piece of property between Torches on the Hudson and Gully’s Restaurant in Newburgh has become a cornerstone of revitalizing the city’s economy. Although it is only about half a mile long, in less than ten years the enormous facelift that has been given to the area has done wonders for the city’s revenue and tourist appeal as well as provided a much needed aesthetic boost to the waterfront area. Newburgh’s waterfront area has a rare appeal for this particular case study because it has aspects of providing a sense of community in the sense that it is often a focal point for local social gatherings, but it is also a place whose very existence is predicated upon the fact that it generates revenue for the city. As a young kid I can remember days where my father and I would drop my mother off at work and spend the rest of the morning running errands while stopping at the Newburgh Waterfront for lunch. By and large the place was decidedly unimpressive. In fact, there wasn’t much to be seen other than the old rickety piers and the folks ignorant enough of their state to trust their sturdiness (my father and I were quite often included in this class). There were sidewalks to nowhere, not much parking, very little landscaping was done, no shops, just a pier and the few people on it. It seemed, when looked at as a whole, very much like an area that had been almost forgotten by the city...
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...An organisation cannot satisfy the needs and wants of all consumers. To do so may result in a massive drain in company resources. Segmentation is simply the process of dividing a particular market into sections, which display similar characteristics or behaviour. There are a number of segmentation variables that allow an organisation to divide their market into homogenous groups. These variables will be discussed briefly below Demographic Segmentation Demographics originates from the word ‘demography’ which means a ‘study of population’. The population can be divided into age, gender, income, and family lifecycle amongst other variables. As people age their needs and wants change, some organisations develop specific products aimed at particular age groups for example nappies for babies, toys for children, clothes for teenagers and so on. Gender segmentation is commonly used within the cosmetics, clothing and magazine industry. All Bar One within the UK have developed their bars to attract the female audience, taking opportunity of the rise in the number of women who now enjoy ‘social drinking’. In the UK we have also seen the introduction of Maxim, (www.maxim-magazine.co.uk) a male lifestyle magazine covering male fashion, films, cars, sports and technology. We have also seen the introduction of unisex cosmetic products like CK1 which works on the similarities between the two genders. | ...
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...DB 1: Geography posted by Stacy Harris Thu Dec 9 23:48:28 2010 According to yourdictionary.com, Geography is defined as the study of the earth and all of its features. This also includes the human race and the effect that humans play on the earth. NationalGeographic.com states that there are five themes in Geography. These themes are location, place, human/environment interactions, movement, and regions. If I would have not read this article, I would think that location, place, and region are just about the same. But as I read the article, I found this was not the case. Location refers to the latitude and longitude of an exact spot on a map or globe. Places are defined by the characteristics that distinguish them from other places. For instances, the animal population of certain place makes it unique, as well as other features like mountains and even human architecture. Region refers to an area on earth that is unified by a specific attribute. These attributes can be either human or physical and can include things like climate,religious, political, cultural, and many others. Movement is used to study the way people and products move from one place to another through interactions and travel. It is also used to study resources and where they are located around the earth and how these resources are dispersed throughout the world. Human interaction/environment is used to describe the way that people interact with the world around them. This interaction can be both positive and negative...
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