...1. Write an essay on protein structure and synthesis Protein synthesis is a cellular process leading to the production of proteins. This term is also synonymous to protein translation. It begins with a sequential process of transcription of DNA into mRNA, which is then used as input for translation after exon-intron splicing. The addition of successive tRNA molecules based on the code of mRNA matched up by base-pairing through their anti-codons in the ribosomes creates the nascent protein. After the protein chain has been synthesized, post-translation modification occurs, e.g. phosphorylation, motifs added to the protein. This may happen at various levels: secondary (alpha-helix, beta-sheets, turn, random coiling), tertiary and quarternary. Protein synthesis is also the process wherein peptide bonds between two amino acids whose formation is controlled. The synthesis begun when the mRNA combines in a little subunit of ribosomes close to an AUG sequence in mRNA. Start codon which is the AUG codon is being such because it does the coding of the first amino acid to be made of protein. “The AUG codon base-pairs with the anticodon of tRNA carrying methionine. A large ribosomal subunit binds to the complex, and the reactions of protein synthesis itself can begin. The aminoacyl-tRNA to be called for next is determined by the next codon (the next three bases) on the mRNA. Each amino acid is coded for by one or more (up to six) codons” (Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis...
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...What was your purpose? What effect were you trying to achieve? My purpose was to write about tanning as a cause of the skin cancer, and about skin cancer as a consequence of tanning. 2. What was interesting about the process you went through in writing this paper, and what did you learn from it? It was very interesting to research about skin cancer, as I am particularly interested on the subject. I also did not know tanning or any ultraviolet radiation exposure can have such serious consequences. 3. What was the most difficult aspect about this paper, and what did you learn from the attempt? It was difficult to give it a clear structure on cause/effect, although the subject clearly illustrates this structure. 4. What do you see as the strengths of the paper, and what would you try to do if you were to revise it some more? The strength of the paper is the very reliable sources. 5. What’s not a part of your paper that you think might help a reader understand or appreciate it more? What didn’t you put in? I did not further develop on skin cancer, how it presents and develops. 6. What kind of grammar or formatting feedback would you like from your instructor? I would appreciate full feedback on both. 7. When using the APUS Online Library article databases, did you evaluate the credibility of the sources you chose? Yes. 8. Are your memo and essay in correct MLA format? Yes. 9. Did you save your file using your last name and the name of the assignment? Yes. 10. Are...
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...broadly classified into two groups: chromosomal and nucleotide instability. Hence, this essay will briefly cover the causes and the associated disease of the two groups. There are possibilities of having faults in DNA due to chemical or environmental effects, so cells have diverse mechanisms...
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...The eassy will aims to discuss and explore synthetic modecules and their impact on technology and our daily life. The essay will explain the definantion of the Synthetic molecules and describe the issues it can solve. It will also, explain how different bonding types are applied. The essay will also discuss and analyze one of the synthetic molecules. I chose to discuss the Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and its applications to solve a specific problem, looking into advantage and dis-advantage and how the science can address the disadvantage of it. I used examples for better clarification for the reader and added conculsion to the essay. Synthetic organic chemicals are man-made created through industrial synthesis. Substances that contain carbon atoms. This definition relies heavily on the element carbon. Synthetic molecules have different types Nylon, Polyvinyl Chloride, Low-Density Polyethylene, high-density Polypropylene (HDPE). LDPE is a flexible material used in applications like shopping bags has high ductility but low tensile strength. HDPE is a strong plastic, normally used in plastic cartons for milk or garbage bins. I will choose Low-Density Polyethylene to talk about. The LDPE has a high degree of short and long...
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...Alana Niedjadlo January 15, 2014 Argument Essay Mrs. DiGangi Using Animals for Scientific Testing 26 million animals are used for scientific testing each year. In 2013 a poll showed only 39% of people found testing morally wrong, 67% of registered United States voters found animal testing wrong as well. Many people believe animal testing is acceptable and have saved many humans lives. The same poll stated 56% of people, along with elderly people don’t have an opinion on animal testing but don’t care either way. Animals shouldn’t be used for scientific testing because it is inhumane, animals are not reliable testing subjects, and testing on animals is very expensive. Animal testing is cruel and inhumane. Many of the animals being tested on are subjected to force feeding, inhalation, deprivation of food or water, physical restraint, infliction wounds and burns. One of the tests used on the animals is the draize eye test which is used for cosmetic companies and shampooing products. The test evaluates irritation caused by shampoos or other products, rabbits are the testing subjects and they are incapacitated in stocks with their eyelids held open with clips for multiple days so the product doesn’t get blinked away. The USDA reported in 2010 over 97,123 animals suffered pain during the various tests they go through; most of the animals were given no anesthesia for relief. (Animal) Many people think these tests are normal and just save our lives, or help cures. These tests or...
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...synthesis Essay Is space exploration really worth the cost? This is the inevitable question we must face when deciding how much of our tax dollars and the federal government's dollars are spent on space exploration versus things such as education, social security, medicare and health. Although space exploration could eventually make a difference in the way we live our lives and life as we know it here on Earth, we should be focused on the things that could change our lives now. Things like a cure for cancer, and a cure for HIV and AIDS. Our money needs to stop being spent on space exploration, and be put towards something that’s been proven to benefit the people of our nation. It would not be wrong to say that maybe one day space exploration could provide us with something miraculous here on earth, but in the meantime the extensive amount of money being spent on space exploration should stay here where we can make a difference now. In February of 2006, Margaret Mclean published an article on a web page dedicated to ethics called To Boldly Go: Ethical Considerations for Space Exploration. The article stated, “almost $17 billion will fly into NASA’s coffers with around $5.3 billion dedicated to space exploration” (source E). I don’t know about you, but to me this seems like an awful lot of money to be spending on something that has no supporting evidence of benefiting the United States and its people. Our government is responsible for how our tax money is spent and it is clear...
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...City University of Hong Kong GE1341 Life and Health: Innovative Essay Topic: Why Do we need to store fat in adipose tissue? Why people become obese? Name: Wong Ming Yan Cannis SID: 54404835 Introduction: In this piece of innovative essay, I am going to have a brief introduction on the structure of adipose tissue, including white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT): an indispensable part of our body with the function of energy storage and as an endocrine gland. After introducing the functions of adipose tissue, I will focus on topic: about the function of adipose tissue as a place for storage of fat. People become obese is partly due to adiponectin and leptin, the two hormones affecting adipose tissue and resulting in obesity....
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...Multiple Choice Questions 1. Regarding the lac operon, if lactose is present, which of the following occurs? A) Lactose binds to the operator preventing the promoter from attracting RNA polymerase and preventing transcription. B) Lactose bind to RNA polymerase, which then binds to the promoter and transcribes the needed genes. C) Lactose binds to the repressor, which does not bind to the operator, and RNA polymerase transcribes the needed genes. D) Lactose binds to the operon, which attracts RNA polymerase, then transcription of the needed genes occurs. E) Lactose binds to the CAP site to prevent the CAP protein from binding Answer: C 2. Which of the following is likely to be expressed? A) euchromatin B) heterochromatin C) DNA without methyl groups D) DNA with many methyl groups E) euchromatin and DNA without methyl groups is more likely to be expressed Answer: E 3. Which of the following is a method of posttranscriptional control? A) transcription factors B) the life span of a mRNA molecule C) differential processing of mRNA D) how fast the mRNA leaves the nucleus E) both differential processing and how fast mRNA leaves the nucleus are involved in posttranscriptional control. Answer: E 4. Which gene in an operon is incorrectly matched with its...
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...ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 2 EXAM 3 DIGESTION/NUTRITION Spring 2012 True/False 1. Peristalsis is defined as a mixing movement, which results in food in small segments of the alimentary canal being mixed with digestive enzymes. 2. Receptive relaxation is related to peristalsis in that when peristalsis occurs the muscular wall just ahead of the contracted ring relaxes. 3. The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi. 4. The stomach is c-shaped and extends from the duodenum to the spleen. 5. Bile is composed of HCl, pepsin, mucus, and intrinsic factor. 6. Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa by the presence of fats, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum. 7. Food passing from the stomach through the small intestine would pass first into the duodenum, then the jejunum, and lastly the ileum. 8. The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and inhibited by sympathetic impulses. Matching Questions 9-13 pertain the key below: a. primary or deciduous teeth b. incisors c. crown d. palatine tonsils e. pharyngeal tonsils 9. Useful in biting food. 10. Also are called adenoids. 11. Found on both sides of uvula. 12. Portion of a tooth that projects beyond the gum. 13. Usually appear between the ages of 6 months and 2 1/2 years. Multiple Choice 14. The...
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...CHAP TER Separating Ideas and Shaping Content Writing Paragraphs 1. PURPOSE, AUDIENCE, TONE, AND CONTENT L E A R N I N G 1. 2. 3. 4. 6 O B J E C T I V E S Identify the differences between summary, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation paragraphs Identify the content in writing paragraphs Demonstrate how audience and tone influence content Apply purpose, audience, tone, and content to a specific assignment Imagine reading a poorly written review of a movie that you would like to see this weekend. You cannot follow the characters, action, or conflict because the author of the review rambles on and on. Without clear paragraphs, this review will likely lose your interest, and you may skip the movie altogether! When you are the writer, it is helpful to position yourself as a reader. Ask yourself whether you can focus easily on each point you make. Effective writers use a single paragraph for each new idea they introduce. Paragraphs separate ideas into logical, manageable, and distinct units. Each paragraph focuses on only one main idea and presents coherent sentences to support that single point. Because all the sentences in one paragraph support the same point, a paragraph may stand on its own. Each paragraph is shaped by Purpose: the reason why the writer composes the paragraph. < Tone: the attitude the writer conveys about the paragraph’s subject. < Audience: the individual or group whom the writer intends to address. < Content: the written material in the paragraph...
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...Copyright © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-07-180360-1 MHID: 0-07-180360-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-180359-5, MHID: 0-07180359-9. E-book conversion by Codemantra Version 1.0 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us page at www.mhprofessional.com. Trademarks: McGraw-Hill Education, the McGraw-Hill Education logo, 5 Steps to a 5 and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of McGraw-Hill Education and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property...
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...MULTIPLECHOICE SECTION INSTRUCTIONS: Read all instructions carefully. Please answer all questions. Each question is worth 0.5 points. The Multiple Choice section is worth 40 points. **Do not enter your answers here.** Type in the letter you select as the best answer on the Answer Sheet provided by your instructor. 1. Which of these would be a valid hypothesis? A) Human history is determined by a series of supernatural events. B) Humans should help in the conservation of other animal species. C) Humans are controlled by forces beyond our understanding. D) Humans and bacteria share a common genetic code. 2. In the scientific method, a hypothesis . E) is a statement of fact F) can only be tested once G) is usually proven to be correct H) is a proposed explanation based on observations I) none of the above 3. What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method? I. State the problem II. Analyze and interpret the data III. Share the results with other scientists IV. Develop a hypothesis V. Design and perform an experiment to test the hypothesis A) I → II → III → IV → V B) III → I → V → II → IV C) V →IV → III → II → I D) I → IV → V → II → III E) V → II → I → III → IV 4. To test a hypothesis about a given variable, experimental and control groups are tested in parallel. Which of the following best explains the dual experiments...
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...There are no sources in the current document.The purpose of this essay is to explain the role of cytokines in depression. Over the last few decades there have been many controversial hypotheses put forward to explain the observation of depressive symptoms in people, who have a physical injury or are under psychological stress (Schiepers, et al., 2008). Research shows that most controversy was over how the messages from the immune system were interpreted or translated into being a signal to the central nervous system (CNS). While most research agreed that there was a correlation in data between cytokines and depressive symptoms, they did not believe this indicated a causal link (Anisman, 2002). I have chosen to focus one of the most popular theories, the “cytokine theory of depression”, as I believe the research shows that it has a causal link between inflammation, cytokine activity and depressive symptoms (Roque, et al., 2009). This hypothesis recognises and explains the highly integrated processes and mechanisms that a person or animal goes through, from the initial stressor to displaying the depressive symptoms, termed as “sickness behaviour” (Dantzer, 2006). “Sickness Behaviour” is the term given to the symptoms caused by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery of the body; these symptoms overlap with the general characteristics of depression and include; decreased appetite, increased desire to sleep, cognitive dysfunction, social withdrawal and decreased...
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...medicine is the balance between the benefits of marijuana and the health risk it has to the user(Owen, Sutter, and Albertson). In America, 23 states and Washington Dc has legalized the usage of smoked marijuana in variety of medical conditions. The federal is still clear, that the use of marijuana is illegal. According to the Director National Institute of Drug Abuse, the call for the legalization and the acceptance of usage of marijuana as a recreational drug is evident and there need for people to have enough information on both its adverse health effect and possible medicinal benefits .I feel that, marijuana medicine should not be legalized until is proven to be safe and reliable(Lynne-Landsman, Livingston, and Wagenaar ,16). In this essay explain the adverse effect of marijuana to support my position. Then I will discuss...
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...My Sister’s Keeper Based on the book by Jodi Picoult ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would all like to thank the Man with the Big guns from above named God. We thank you the most for without you we would never be able to do the things we love in life. We would never be able to see and feel the great wonders of the world that you have made for us especially the friendship and love that you never fail to provide us. Thank you for that. To our teacher we thank you for giving us a chance to show you what we can do. For always teaching us the right things to improve in ourselves not only in our writing of essays in class but also in our own separate lives. You have helped us in so many ways but the most would be for giving us the opportunity to make peace with the ones we have hurt in the past. Without you we would have lost another friend in life and lost the opportunity for friendship that could last for a life time. Thank you from the Bottom of our hearts. We also thank those who have helped us in making this book of ours, for without them we wouldn’t be able to finish. Thanks for our parents for providing us with everything we need in class just to give us a good education. Thanks to those who became patient with us under pressure thank you for understanding. And lastly the leader would like to thank her members for all the things they have done, for doing their own parts and cooperating oh so well with everything she asked for them to do, thanks...
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