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Cancer in Young Adults

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There are many different types of cancer and virtually any cancer can affect people aged between 19 and 24. But there are some types that are more common in this age group. These include bone tumours, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular cancer, ovarian germ cell tumours, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, skin cancer and soft tissue sarcomas. Some hospitals now have teenage and young adult cancer units, which provide care and treatment especially for this age range. You may be able to choose to receive your care and treatment on one of these units, or you may choose to receive this care on an adult cancer unit. http://www.nhs.uk/young-cancer-care/Pages/cancer-young-people.aspx During the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to a unique group of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who lie at the crossroad of therapeutic care by pediatric and adult hematologists/oncologists. ALL is a disease that affects infants, children, adolescents, and adult patients. With current therapies, the vast majority of children with ALL are now long-term survivors; unfortunately, the same good results have not yet been obtained for adults with ALL. This review will describe current controversies surrounding the treatment of adolescents and young adults with ALL--a group who finds themselves in the transition from "pediatric" to "adult" treatment approaches. The review focuses on recent insights into disease biology, prognostic factors, and treatment outcomes that have led to a series of prospective clinical trials specifically designed for adolescents and younger adults (AYAs) with ALL. These trials have been designed to provide important new clinical, psychosocial, and biological insights, and to further improve the survival of this challenging and unique group of patients. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239766 The DNA of immature blood cells, mainly white cells, becomes damaged in some way. This abnormality causes the blood cells to grow and divide chaotically. Normal blood cells die after a while and are replaced by new cells which are produced in the bone marrow. The abnormal blood cells do not die so easily, and accumulate, occupying more and more space. As more and more space is occupied by these faulty blood cells there is less and less space for the normal cells - and the sufferer becomes ill. Quite simply, the bad cells crowd out the good cells in the blood. The bone marrow is found in the inside of bones. The marrow in the large bones of adults produces blood cells. Approximately 4% of our total bodyweight consists of bone marrow. There are two types of bone marrow: 1. Red marrow, made up mainly of myeloid tissue. 2. Yellow marrow, made up mostly of fat cells. Red marrow can be found in the flat bones, such as the breast bone, skull, vertebrae, shoulder blades, hip bone and ribs. Red marrow can also be found at the ends of long bones, such as the humerus and femur. White blood cells (lymphocytes), red blood cells and platelets are produced in the red marrow. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight diseases. Platelets are essential for blood clotting. Yellow marrow can be found in the inside of the middle section of long bones. If a person loses a lot of blood the body can convert yellow marrow to red marrow in order to raise blood cell production. White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets exist in plasma - Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/142595.php

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