Politics, Economy, & International Relation­ Sai Quebec votes “no” to Sovereignty Association Pg 374
On May 15, 1980 a vote was taken for those who wanted quebec to be a country of its own or stay within Canada.
This topic arouse by Rene Levesque because he believed the French language and culture was being ignored, he also believed quebec was not supported by the federal government. Rene Levesque was for an independent country but Prime Minister Trudeau wanted all provinces to stay together to uphold Canada's unity. With the disappointing loss of the votes another referendum was promised. National Energy Program (NEP) is Established Pg 401
In 1980 the Federal government took further steps to ensure Canadian control of energy supplies. Thus the
National Energy Program is introduced. Their goal was to establish 50% Canadian ownership of the Canadian oil and gas industry, to make Canada self sufficient in energy by
1990 and to control oil prices. American oil companies were provoked with Canada's progress which lead American companies to pull many of their drilling rigs out of Canada leaving many unemployed, mainly in the western region.
The NEP caused a big divide between Ottawa and Western provinces. Constitution Act is Signed by Queen Elizabeth Pg 375
On April 17, 1982 the Constitution Act was signed. Before this act any changes required the approval of the British government because of the British North America Act.
Trudeau took action to make Canada a more independent country with this act. The act included 3 main points. The first being the power to amend the constitution would be brought home from Britain. Next is the changes to the constitution could be made if the federal government and 7 provinces agreed. Last point was that a charter of rights and freedoms was to be added. The charter of rights and freedom is the foundation for the basic rights and freedom of citizens. Free Trade Agreement­ Pg 508
In 1985 Trudeau proposed the idea of free trade with
America. Free trade would benefit Quebec in the sales of hydroelectric power and western products of oil, gas, timber, gas and cattle with America. Free trade also allows the lowest­prices goods to enter the market. The agreement had some positive outcomes but many argued against free trade saying it only benefited “big businesses” and that jobs would be lost as companies close or move to America.
Despite the conflict the agreement was passed on January
1988. The agreement included elimination of tariffs where both countries have open access to each other's market,
American investments in Canada would be reduced etc.
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Entertainment, Recreation, & Leisure­ Saduni
Film/TV : At the turn of the century the Canadian gov. pushed to have more canadian made films and shows because most of the content was american and felt like canada was losing its culture. In 1982, CRTC
(Canadian radio­television and telecommunications commission) allowed pay TV, which abled cable operators to give other channels that people could choose to purchase.The shift marked a leave from broadcasting policy that was based and made on the amount of space available, to more of what the canadian people wanted and what they created. It was a way for canadian government to promote economic prosperity and national unity, without having to deal with the cost directly during time of economic instability. The Increasing number of shows allowed Gov. to collect funds & taxes which funded canadian made content and encouraged the making of said content.The 1980s prepared viewers for increase of domestic and foreign content.
Anne of Green Gables:1985
Released 1 December 1985, was Produced and Directed by Kevin
Sullivan for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The Televisions show was based off Lucy Maud Montgomery's book, Megan Follows was cast as Anne Shirley (Main character), Megan Follows was 16 years old when she was cast for the role and from Toronto. Filming took place mostly throughout southern Ontario
SIG : Most successful Canadian mini film series of all time
Popular Films/shows
Music: French Canadian or Quebecois singers and artist began to grow in popularity.Indie and rock music was also beginning to gain popularity.With increasing amount of artists came stronger industry infrastructure of managers, publicists, studios, a variety of government or corporate funding opportunities. MunchMusic TV channel and its french equivalents united its different artists together and bringing new artist to the public eye
Musicians : Bands like Tragically Hip and artists like Bryan Adams brought Canada recognition to Canada’s music industry and still continues to be staples in Canadian rock playlists.
Sports: People like Wayne Gretzky and Randy Carlyle played during the 80s and later became iconic Canadian sports icons
Video Games: The 80s were the golden age of arcade game. The rising influence of home computers, oversaturation of third party games and the lack of good games lead to the crash of the north american video game market. The PC master race born! Because of the availability and low cost of home computers, they continued to gain popularity and allowed users to create their own games. Nintendo releases the NES which boosts interest in consoles
Important because the video game crash allowed a whole new type of visual entertainment to rise and was the birth of many game titles that are significant today. Also the rejuvenation of innovation in storytelling and technology. (Both console and PC) 6

A Walk Through the 1980’s in
Canada

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Fashion, Trends, & Slang ­ Joanna

Society, Culture, Women, & Minority Groups ­ Matthew Jen

Popular Outfits
Fashion in the 1980’s were funky, fun, and expressive. For a lot of women, a casual look would be styled with oversized off the shoulder sweatshirts, leggings, and leg warmer paired with big accessories often in neon colours and would overall, look preppy. The men on the other hand, would often wear big/volumized jackets, parachute pants or acid washed jeans, and high top shoes. As well, for both genders, wearing athletic clothing outside of the gym was a popular fashion trend.

Terry Fox
April 12, 1980, Terry Fox Starts the Marathon of hope in order to raise money on cancer research and raise awareness for cancer.
Terry had to stop running on September 1st, 1980 because the cancer spread to his lungs.

Science and technology ­ Ayaan Canadarm
Canadarm is Canada’s most famous technological achievement which made its debut on the spacecraft
“Columbia” that was launched on November 13, 1981.
This design marked the beginning of Canada’s close collaboration with NASA. The shuttle’s Canadarm had 30 years of successful operations when it finally retired in July
2011 after its 90th and final mission. It s excellent

performance record inspired many scientists as well as engineers to develop new technologies for medicine, industry, and more.

Accessories
Depending on what they are wearing, women liked to pair their neon outfits with jelly bracelets, bangles, leg warmers, head and wristbands, and big hoop earrings. As for their hair, women often got permed curls which had lots of volume, almost looking frizzy, and did their makeup in bold­neon eyeshadow all over their lid, just under their eyebrows. Men accessorised with sunglasses, head and wristbands, and sometimes carried around boomboxes. The popular male hairstyle was the mullet. The mullet was shorter in the front and longer at the back “Business in the front, party in the back.” ­ Billy Ray Cyrus

Slang
The slang in the 80s were iconic and you can still hear these slangs in today’s society. Some well known slang from the 80s include: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Base, 411, BFF, Bite Me, Bomb,
Bounce, Cheeuh, Chill, Couch Potato, Dank, Fricking, Fugly,
Get Bent, Juiced, Legit, Narc, Noob, Spazzing, Spiffy, Stud,
Thongs, Tits, Trippin’, Wannabe, Whatchu Talkin Bout?,
What’s Crackalackin’?, and Yikes.
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Refugee Crisis
In 1978, Canada made a commitment to accept more refugees known as the Immigration Act. However, many people would make false claims about being a refugee to get quick access into Canada.
It is estimated that in 1986, 10,000 people falsely claimed refugee status the get into Canada.

Immigration
In the 1980s, there was a huge boom in immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Even in the 1980s, these people were racially discriminated against. A poll stated that the most common reason for racism is the fear of being overtaken by other cultures. Meech Lake Accord
In 1987, Brian Mulroney vowed to end bitterness between Quebec and the rest of Canada. He created a new constitutional agreement known as the Meech Lake Accord. The Meech Lake
Accord eventually was not put into place because Manitoba disagreed and did not respond in the 3 year lim. They believed that the accord did not support Aboriginals as much as it did
Quebec.

Francophone Communities in Ontario
In the 1980s, it is estimated that about 75% of French Canadians lived outside of Quebec. Rene Levesque referred to these people as
“dead ducks.” Ontario and Toronto set up French­language school boards in 1988 because the current system at the time was not meeting francophone demands. That system had stated that each school could make its own decision on French­language education.
The New system guaranteed French­speaking students the right by law to education in their own language both primary and secondary.

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Mirror­In­Space
During the beginning flight of the Shuttle “Atlantis”, two canadians designed and conducted an experiment on the manufacturing of mirrors in space. One of the guys’ name was Jean­François Deschênes (20) and the other canadian’s name was Daniel Ray (19). These two men were all smiles when the steel canisters containing their experiment was opened to reveal shiny, silver mirrors.
This was a great accomplishment for them as it proved that mirrors can be made in space.

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