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Carbon Monoxide

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Carbon Monoxide
Carbon monoxide, CO, is a colourless, odorless, tasteless gas which is lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals. It can combine with your hemoglobin creating carboxyhemoglobin. It can affect your heart, blood, kidney and lungs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).
The production of carbon monoxide is a serious concern when incomplete combustion reactions are taking place. Its molecules are similar in size and shape to diatomic oxygen molecules. This similarity allows carbon monoxide to bind to oxygen binding sites in the blood more tightly than oxygen itself (Ontario Association of Fire Chiefs). The longer a person inhales carbon monoxide, the fewer bindings sites that are available to carry oxygen throughout the body.
Carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete burning of various fuels including coal, wood, charcoal, oil, kerosene, propane and natural gas. Products and equipment powered by internal combustion engines such as portable generators, cars, lawn mowers, and power washers also produce CO (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Many people die every year from CO produced by non-automotive consumer products. These products include malfunctioning fuel-burning appliances such as furnaces, ranges, water heaters and room heaters; engine-powered equipment such as portable generators; fireplaces; and charcoal that is burned in homes and other enclosed areas (Ontario Association of Fire Chiefs).
Causes of Carbon monoxide poisoning: * Cars, trucks, or other engines are left running in enclosed spaces, such as garages. Carbon monoxide can build up in a garage and leak back into the house. Even sitting in an idling car in an open garage or swimming behind an idling boat can be dangerous. * Fuel-burning appliances are not installed or used properly. Dangerous levels of carbon monoxide can build up inside houses and other buildings. * Fuel-burning heating systems and appliances are used during cold weather, when doors and windows are closed. Chimneys in older buildings become blocked and release fumes into the homes or offices. Newer houses that are well insulated and tightly sealed can trap carbon monoxide inside.

Symptoms
Early symptoms include: Headache, dizziness, and nausea.
As carbon monoxide builds up in your blood, symptoms get worse and may include: * Confusion and drowsiness * Fast breathing, fast heartbeat, or chest pain * Vision problems * Seizures

A victim may die out of lack of oxygen in different tissues of your body after a period of loss of consciousness. Also, there might be permanent damages even in the case of a lucky survival (Ontario Association of Fire Chiefs).
How to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning * Be aware of the dangers * Keep household appliances in good working order, and use them safely. Make sure the servicing is carried out by fully qualified and registered professionals. * Do not use gas ranges or ovens for heating. * Do not block air vents in rooms. * Make sure all rooms are well ventilated. Be especially careful if your home is very well insulated. * Chimneys and flues should be swept thoroughly and regularly by a fully qualified sweep. This should be done at least once every twelve months. * Beware of gas powered tools and equipment when used inside rooms. * When using chemicals that contain methylene chloride make sure you use a mask. * Do not leave gasoline-powered motors running in your garage. For example, motorbikes, cars or lawn mowers. * If you have an indoor barbeque, do not use charcoal. * Carbon monoxide alarms - these can be installed in the home. Most of them give out a loud high-pitched sound when CO gas levels have risen beyond a certain point.

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