...CONTENTS 1. MEANING-PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION 2. A SYSTEM APPROACH (COMPONENTS) 3. COMPONENTS :- TRANSPORTATION i. MEANING ii. FUNCTIONS iii. MODES – MEANING,FEATURES,ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES * ROAD * RAIL * WATER * AIR PHYSICAL DISTRIBUTION MEANING: Physical distribution is the set of activities concerned with efficient movement of finished goods from the end of the production operation to the consumer. Physical distribution takes place within numerous wholesaling and retailing distribution channels, and includes such important decision areas as customer service, inventory control, materials handling, protective packaging, order procession, transportation, warehouse site selection, and warehousing. Physical distribution is part of a larger process called "distribution," which includes wholesale and retail marketing, as well the physical movement of products. Physical distribution activities have recently received increasing attention from business managers, including small business owners. This is due in large part to the fact that these functions often represent almost half of the total marketing costs of a product. In fact, research studies indicate that physical distribution costs nationally amount to approximately 20 percent of the country's total gross national product (GNP). These findings have led many small businesses to expand their cost-cutting efforts beyond their historical focus on production...
Words: 3172 - Pages: 13
...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between peoples, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, and may be roads, railways, airways, waterways, canals and pipelines, and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations), and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters, and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused on containerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air...
Words: 2654 - Pages: 11
...TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ASSIGNMENT In many countries worldwide, more than 80% of freight is carried by road. Name: Leonora Oosthuizen Student number: 200840019 Name: Jaco Vermeulen Student number: 200833620 Name: Linda Gunther Student number: 200624338 TABLE OF CONENT PAGE 1. Why is such a greater proportion of freight carried by road? 3 2. Identify and discuss the advantages of moving freight by rail. 9 3. In respect of South Africa, how can Government influence freight modal split in favour of rail? 12 4. References 16 (i) Why is such a greater proportion of freight carried by road? It is a well-known fact that ‘without trucks, South Africa stops!’ Trucks are the only way to reach most factories, stores, restaurants and homes. They carry everything, from TVs and computers to clothes, medicine, children’s toys, food and construction materials – all along the production chain, to local stores and doorsteps. The current inefficiencies of the rail infrastructure in South Africa is the main cause why such a greater proportion of freight is carried by road. It is true that approximately 80% of all freight in South Africa is transported by road. The routes travelled include both proclaimed and un-proclaimed roads. The un-proclaimed roads make up an estimated 140,000 km that mostly serve rural areas. The un-proclaimed roads do not fall under the road inventory of Government and as such do not...
Words: 3456 - Pages: 14
...1. Introduction The Trucking industry in China provides road freight and cargo transportation services using trucks, cars, trailers and other road vehicles (ACMR,2). Trucking is a primary mode of overland freight, and it plays an important role in the whole area of transportation. As trucking is flexible, simple and convenient in freight, it has more advantages than by rail, air transportation for short distance transportation. 2. Analysis of trucking industry in China Since 1980s, China's economy has been developing rapidly, as well as the level of technology, which improved the network. With the commodity economy becoming increasingly active, inter-regional economic interaction and exchange of goods has become more frequent, and the average transportation distance also increased. The reform changed the planned economy and the dominance of state-owned transport enterprises in the transportation market situation. Market diversification has become more plentiful, in order to meet the new demands of the national economy in the trucking industry (Cheng, 94). Transportation market diversification and rapid development both contributed to providing goods vehicle loading, freight forwarders and shipping information emerged freight services. These services include traditional truckload, LTL and container, large bulky cargo, dangerous goods transport, and express transportation, social storage transportation services are also occasional established. The rapid development of the transport...
Words: 3091 - Pages: 13
...Impact of unstable Economic on Transportation Like many economic activities that are intensive in infrastructures, the transport sector is an important component of the economy impacting on development and the welfare of populations. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive multipliers effects such as better accessibility to markets, employment and additional investments. When transport systems are deficient in terms of capacity or reliability, and the unstable economy hey can have an economic cost such as reduced or missed opportunities. Transport also carries an important social and environmental load, which cannot be neglected. Thus, from a general standpoint the unstable economic impacts on transportation can be direct and indirect: • Direct impacts related to accessibility change where the unstable economy is disabling larger markets to save time and costs. • Indirect impacts related to the economic multiplier effects where the price of commodities, goods or services drop and/or their variety increases. Mobility is one of the most fundamental and important characteristics of economic activity as it satisfies the basic need of going from one location to the other, a need shared by passengers, freight and information. All economies and regions do not share the same level of mobility as most are in a different stage in their mobility transition. Economies that possess greater mobility are often...
Words: 2736 - Pages: 11
...Shah | NR13130 | Manali Sharma | NR13145 | Tejas Vasani NR SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Jasmin Padiya N.R. INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BATCH 2013-2015 * Industry Overview The Indian logistics industry was valued at an estimated US$ 130 billion in 2012-13. It has grown at a CAGR of over 16 per cent over the last five years. The industry comprises the following main segments: * Freight and passenger transportation via road, rail, air and water * Warehousing and cold-storage. The contribution from the movement of goods including freight transportation and storage is about 90 per cent. Aggregate freight traffic is estimated at about 2-2.3 trillion tonne kilometres. Road dominates the mode of freight transport mix and constitutes about 60 per cent of the total freight traffic. Rail and coastal shipping account for about 32 per cent and 7 per cent, respectively, while the share of inland waterways transportation and air is less than 1 percent. Warehousing comprises industrial and agricultural storage. Of the total warehousing space of about 1,800 million sq ft, the industrial and agricultural segments constitute about 86 per cent and 14 per cent, respectively. Government organisations including Food Corporation of India, Central Warehousing Corporation and the state warehousing corporations account for about two-thirds of the agricultural warehousing segment1. Warehousing also includes cold...
Words: 4225 - Pages: 17
...“APL vs. Peer Voss and the Rafaela S”, will be mentioned in order to distinguish the difference between a seaway and a straight bill of lading. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Bills of Lading The bill of lading (B/L) is used for the transportation of goods by sea. The word “lading” derives from the word loading, referring to the loading of goods onto a ship. (Investopedia, 2015) This document is signed and act as a legal contract between the shipping company, which has the responsibility for the carriage of goods from the port of origin to the port of destination, and the customer who makes the export (shipper) and the import (consignee). Its role is very important because in case of error, the commodity, which can be worth hundreds of thousands dollars, may end up into the wrong hands before the fulfillment of all the obligations from the contractual parties who participated in the carriage. The information presented on the bill of lading have to be properly completed, in order to avoid mistakes during the carriage of the goods. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the names of the sender and the recipient of the goods, the names of the loading and discharging ports as well as, the name of the ship in which the cargo is loaded and the dates of departure and arrival in the appropriate ports. In addition, extra information have to be mentioned on the bill of lading regarding, the nature of the goods that are going to be transported, the...
Words: 3143 - Pages: 13
...private limited company which was incorporated in South Delhi. There are two professional promoters that have 15 years of experience combined. The experience is from Tata Steel, which is a company in India that is one of the oldest and biggest in the area. The two promoters had experience in shipping, customs, transportation and forwarding. AML has been able to construct a successful infrastructure in the past five years and have gathered personnel that are very experienced in the logistics field. AML was able to be one of first companies in South Delhi to provide door-to-door delivery. A concept that AML has been able to implement is being a “specialist in customized solutions and services” which is not heard of in northern India in the transportation industry (Murphy & Wood, pg. 173). AML is able to control all of logistics for their customers. The services offered are; import consolidation, door-to-door services, exports and consultancy on customs and logistics. Import consolidation is when a company is able to combine their cargo in coordinates with other shippers. With these consolidation AML is able to save on shipping charges and other extra costs of transportation. “AML has a well-spread network of offices and trade connections in the United States, Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East to render import consolidation by both air and sea to any part of India. It promises a personalized prompt service with value for cost” (Murphy & Wood, pg. 173). Door-to-door...
Words: 1629 - Pages: 7
...and trade increases, United States’ ports and businesses begin to look for alternative forms of transportation in order to move cargo off of the roads and onto the water. One solution to this issue is the implication of Short Sea Shipping. Short Sea Shipping is the act of shipping intercontinentally, using waterways such as rivers and inlets to transport people and goods from one destination to another without crossing over oceans. An example of this would be using the Mississippi River as a trade route to transport goods from Canada to the Gulf Coast. Though Short Sea Shipping has been around for centuries, today’s over-congestion of North American highway trade and travel has created a greater demand for this method of transportation. It has already proven to be a successful mean of shipping and is currently at the forefront of Europe’s transportation system. The use of this type of shipping has many benefits, including: the potential to alleviate air pollution, reduce accidents and congestion on our freeways, while also saving the shipping companies money. International trade between Asia and the United States’ West Coast ports, transiting through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, is expected to double in volume in the next fifteen years (ESCAP 2010). These greater volumes of commercial traffic are adding to congestion and environmental pressures on landside transportation systems, particularly those associated with the major urban regions on the West Coast. Short Sea...
Words: 2732 - Pages: 11
...company to our stockholders, employees, customers and all stakeholders” Huffman Trucking founded by K. Huffman, a native of Cleveland, Ohio. Huffman Trucking began in 1936 with a single tractor-trailer. Market Needs Jordanian transportation market has many transporting needs must be filled by transportation companies offering trucking transporting services. To be one recognized competition in the Jordanian transportation market, Huffman trucking must satisfied market needs through multiple choices of offered trucking services. “Huffman Trucking offer Arrow Trucking, JB Hunt Trucking, Car Transport Services, Hot Shot Trucking and Schneider Trucking” (Manta). Market Growth The Jordanian transportation market growth has remarkable growth in the past two decades, and become an important sector that provide more than 15% of Jordan GDP “transport and communications sector enjoyed a banner year in 1994, with a growth rate of 6.8%. This improvement continued in 1997 at 8.9%, and the sector contributed a 15.7% share to GDP at constant factor cost” (Sectorial Analysis). The growth in transportation market is followed by growth in service offered by Huffman Trucking. The business relationship in growth between Huffman Trucking and Jordanian transportation market must be an equal relation. Huffman Trucking continued to grow from internal sales and the acquisition of five Eastern regional carriers. In these days Huffman Trucking “owns and operates 800 road tractors, 2,100 45' trailers...
Words: 1146 - Pages: 5
...Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air,rail, road, water, cable, pipeline and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles and operations. Transport is important since it enables trade between people, which in turn establishes civilizations. Transport infrastructure consists of the fixed installations necessary for transport, including roads, railways, airways, waterways, canalsand pipelines and terminals such as airports, railway stations, bus stations, warehouses, trucking terminals, refueling depots (including fueling docks and fuel stations) and seaports. Terminals may be used both for interchange of passengers and cargo and for maintenance. Vehicles traveling on these networks may include automobiles, bicycles, buses, trains, trucks, people, helicopters and aircraft. Operations deal with the way the vehicles are operated, and the procedures set for this purpose including financing, legalities and policies. In the transport industry, operations and ownership of infrastructure can be either public or private, depending on the country and mode. Passenger transport may be public, where operators provide scheduled services, or private. Freight transport has become focused oncontainerization, although bulk transport is used for large volumes of durable items. Transport plays an important part in economic growth and globalization, but most types cause air pollution and use...
Words: 773 - Pages: 4
...A PROJECT REPORT ON Export-Import Process & Documentation towards B2B FOR Hindustan Cargo Ltd. MASTER OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (MMS) UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI SUBMITTED TO MAHATMA EDUCATION SOCIETY’S PILLAIS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH NEW PANVEL UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Chndrakumar P. Mutha SUBMITTED BY Aditya Ajit Jadhav (2012-2014) Roll No. 139 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Life of human beings is full of interactions. No one is self-sufficient by himself whenever anyone is doing some serious and important work a lot of help from the people concerned is needed 84 one less specially obliged towards them. I cannot forget acknowledging them in few words as without the guidance & co-ordination of them in my project report would not have been possible. A large number of individual contributed to this project. I am thankful to all of them for their help and encouragement. My writing in this project report has also been influenced by a number of website and standard textbooks. As far as possible, they have been fully acknowledged at the appropriate place .1 express my gratitude to all of them. I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. Chandrakumar Mutha, Accounts Head of Hindustan Cargo Ltd. Navi Mumbai Branch for giving me an opportunity to work on this project. I must also thank the management of Hindustan Cargo Ltd. to provide excellent opportunity and environment to be able to pull my project through. Cooperation of the staff is also...
Words: 8994 - Pages: 36
...AUV Rivalry of Development and Survival In and Out of the Road The Case of Transport Industry in Metro Manila Philippines Candy Lim Chiu, MBA, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Hiromi Shioji, D. Econ, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ABSTRACT The Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) industry’s days are numbered despite the fact that it is an epitome of Philippine ingenuity on hybrid vehicle, cheap transportation, means of livelihood and employment generator that spans more than 50 years as the King of the Road. Its detour in the Philippine economy continue to be challenge by factors such as indirect government support, environmental issues, social demands, economic crisis, transport competition and entrance of substitution of Asian Utility Vehicle (AUV) that collide from all direction living the industry in jeopardy. This paper examines the similarities, differences and trends of transport business and industry in the Philippines concentrating to two major rival mode namely PUJ and AUV where it present diverse lessons to be shared for future studies of transportation business and industry around the globe. Ultimately, it aims to make recommendation on measures of ensuring a level of playing field between the players with the existence of substantial economic potential, industry improvement and concrete policy instrument. INTRODUCTION From downtown city of Metro Manila famously overcrowded public utility vehicles (PUV) headed by the legendary Public Utility...
Words: 10276 - Pages: 42
...China 2015: Transportation and Logistics Strategies Leadership requires innovation, expansion and redesigned networks A s China’s economy grows, so grows its transportation and logistics industry. China is becoming a more mature and self-confident country and a driving force in the new global economic structure, and this is bringing new challenges and opportunities to the five sectors of the country’s transportation and logistics industry — express, road freight, air freight, contract logistics and international freight forwarding. How can Chinese companies improve the country’s transportation and logistics environment? Leadership in this industry requires innovation, expansion and redesigned networks. China’s extraordinary economic growth continues. Even as the global economy struggles to recover from the financial crisis, various statistics indicate that China’s economy has emerged resilient, with rapid growth expected to last into the foreseeable future. In this context, the transportation and logistics industry in China is also poised for major growth over the next five years, portending significant changes for its five main segments: express, road freight, air freight, contract logistics and international freight forwarding (see figure 1 on page 2). As the boundaries between these segments blur, consolidation will accelerate and network coverage and density will grow. At the same time, an increasing focus on sustainability will add new pressures to cost structures....
Words: 4163 - Pages: 17
...CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NAME : TAFADZWA MUDHLIWEVHU REG NUMBER : C13121173D PROGRAMME : BSSCM MODULE : PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT LEVEL : 2.1 ASSIGNMENT Discuss the policy instruments that the government of Zimbabwe applies to intervene in the freight-transport industry and point out in your view how these measures affect business logistics management and performance in the country. Introduction Transport policy deals with the development of a set of constructs and propositions that are established to achieve particular objectives relating to social, economic and environmental development, and the functioning and performance of the transport system. Policy has to be dynamic and evolutionary. The Relevance of Transport policies arise because of the extreme importance of transport in virtually every aspect of economic, social and political activities of nation states. The Logistics Performance Index ranked Zimbabwe at position 103 out of 155 economies, an indication on how difficult it is to move goods by roads in the country. Transport Sector Environment in Zimbabwe The transport sector environment is made up of public and private institutions and organisations. These are supported by legislation, which is implemented and policed by various institutions and individual operators of motor and non-motor transport. Legislation...
Words: 2302 - Pages: 10
