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Carruthers

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Submitted By everjeff
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Reading Comprehension Paper #7

What does Carruthers mean by “nonconscious experiences”? How does he argue that they differ from conscious experiences? What conclusions does he think follow regarding the nature of animal experience?

When Carruthers speaks of nonconscious experiences, he is talking about the experiences that humans have that they are not active in noticing. It is hard to explain without using examples, so a good example is when you have driven somewhere for an hour, and you get there, and you can’t remember anything about your drive there or your experiences along the way. This is because you are “nonconsciously” experiencing the drive, while your mind is focused on something else, such as your plans for later in the day. Carruthers argues that these differ from conscious experiences in that we don’t “feel” them. That when we have these experiences, we do not consciously perceive them and they are done almost as automatic responses to our environment rather than behaviours we choose to engage in. His conclusion regarding animal experiences is that their brains are not as high-level as the brains of humans, and therefore all of their experiences are nonconscious because they are not self-aware. Carruthers suggests that animals simply automatically respond to their environment rather than actively consciously respond to it. This in turn means that animals do not “feel” and we should not believe that way do. The reason we feel sorry for animals is that they appear “cuddly” to us and that makes us feel bad. What Carruthers suggests is that animals welfare should not impede our ethics when making decisions that affect humans, as we are the higher level creature. This is especially evident in the way that people speak about inhumane conditions for animals being bred for food. Carruthers suggests that we should not feel sorry for these animals as they do not feel the conditions they experience.

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