...Type of Joint | Location | Structure | Function | Fibrous | The fibrous joints are sort of connective sutures in the skull and pelvic girdle of the horse. These joints generally allow little to no movement. | Fibrous joints are made up of connective tissue. There is no cavity or space between the bones generally allowing no movement. There 3 types of fibrous joints; sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses. | These joints are not joints that allow movement between any of the bones within the horses body. These joints are purely just joints that hold other sections of bone together but only structurally such as holding the skull together. | Cartilaginous | The cartilaginous joints are joined by cartilage such as the joint between the sternum and rib and also between vertebrae of the spine. These joints only allow slight movement. | These are joints joined by cartilage to one another. There are two types of cartilaginous joints; synchondrosis and symphyses. The first are found in developing bones usually in young horses and hyaline cartilage covers the end of the bone but the connection is made through fibrocartilage. | These joints allow very little movement but does allow some. These primarily are in place to provide structure, support, stability and protection of the bone. They reduce friction and also acts as a shock absorbed for any sudden blows. | Synovial | These joints meet together in a joint capsule such as where the carpus and radius meet. | These are the only joints...
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...Joints and Movements The Joints Definition: A joint (articulation) is point of contact between bones or between bone and cartilage. Joint Classifications Joints are classified by: * The degree of movement they allow * The structure of the joint The three types of joints that we will look at are: 1. Fibrous joints 2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints Fibrous Joints These joints are also called "fixed" or "immoveable" joints, because they do not move. These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints. Cartilaginous Joints These joints also have no joint cavity and the bones are connected tightly to each other with cartilage. These joints only allow a small amount of movement, so are also called "partly" or "slightly moveable" joints. The vertebrae are examples of cartilaginous joints. Synovial Joints Most of the joints in the body are synovial joints. These joints are "freely moveable" and are characterised by being surrounded by an articular capsule which contains the synovial fluid. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints, supplies nutrients to the cartilage and it contains cells that remove microbes and debris within the joint cavity. Because of the larger range of movements of these joints, there is an increased risk of injury eg dislocations. Synovial joints are located predominantly in limbs. Many synovial joints also have ligaments either inside...
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...Skeletal.eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3....
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...body's joints), the fibrous band of connective tissue that joins the end of one bone with another. A strain is an injury of a muscle and/or tendon (tendons are fibrous cords of tissue that attach muscles to bone). Joints Fibrous (synarthrodial) - Fibrous joints are fixed or immovable joints. Suture, Syndesmosis (Gomphosis) and Interosseous Membranes A suture joint. An example of a suture is the fibrous joints between the bones of the skull of an infant. An syndesmosis joint connects two bones through connective tissue. An example is the tibio-fibular syndesmosis, the connective tissue that binds the ends of the fibula and tibia. A gomphosis joint is when one bone fits into another bone. The edges are bound together by connective tissue. An example of a gomphosis joint is a tooth in the jawbone. Cartilaginous: (synchondrosis and symphysis) - These are partly moveable joints where the bones are attached by either fibro cartilage or hyaline cartilage. There are two types of Cartilaginous joints: Synchondrosis, which are temporary joints and symphysis which are permanent joints. A synchondroses is a joint where the surfaces are close together, yet are bound by hyaline cartilage. An example of a synchondroses is at the ends of long bones. An example of a symphysis joint is the attachment of one vertebra to another by an intervertebral disk, a fibrocartilage ring, in the vertebral column. This maintains stability. Synovial: (diarthrosis) - Synovial joints are freely...
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...Joints - Classification by Movement Joints can be classified by how much movement they allow. * Synarthroses: Immovable joints. Specific examples of synarthroses are suture joints (the joints in the skull) and synchondroses (the type of joint found in growth plates). * Amphiarthroses: Slightly moveable joints. A specific example of an amphiarthrosis is a symphysis (such as the joint between two vertebrae). * Diarthroses: Freely moveable joints. Specific examples of diarthroses are typical synovial joints such as the shoulder and wrist. * Fibrous Joints * Fibrous joints are connected only by fibrous ligaments. A ligament is dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone (as opposed to tendons, which connect muscles to bones). Ligaments are named based on their position or based on the bones they attach. There are 3 distinct types of fibrous joints: 1. Suture Joints 2. Gomphoses 3. Syndesmoses Cartilaginous Joints | The next broad classification of joints we will discuss are cartilaginous joints. Cartilaginous joints are joined by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. The cartilage of cartilaginous joints is avascular and anervous except at the margins. Hyaline cartilage is slippery and strong when compressed, but has little tensile strength (strength against being stretched). Fibrocartilage, on the other hand, is tough and strong both when compressed and when stretched (high tensile strength). There are two distinct types...
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...The skeletal system: Have you ever wondered what keeps your body in shape, or what supports it? What it is is a very complex system of bones. A bone is a structure that severs as a unit for the formation of this mass frame composed of hundreds of bones, called the skeletal system. The skeletal system is composed of about two hundred and six bones in total. Each bone is connected to another bone through ligaments or tendons. Ligaments are segment of tough connective tissue that joins bones together or sever to keep an organ in place. Tendons are cables of though fibers that attaches a muscle to a bone. There are two parts to the skeletal system: the axial skeletal system, and the perpendicular skeletal system. The axial skeletal system is the portion of the skeletal system that supports the head, neck, and trunk. The axial skeletal system consists of the cranium, vertebral column, the rib cage, and the thoracic cage. The Appendicular skeletal system consists of the limbs and the upper and lower part of the body such as the femur, the carpals, tarsals, humerus, and several more. Bones have many purposes in the body that help it function properly. One purpose is to maintain the body's framework and hold it upright. Without the skeletal system, the body could not function properly, because the body would be a big puddle of organs tissue, veins, and muscles basically. The organs must not have any pressure in them to function properly, and the skeletal system relives the organs from...
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...Describe the three (3) classes of joints based on structure. a. b. c. 3. Describe the three (3) classes of joints based on function. a. b. c. 5. A cartilaginous joint is a(n) (immovable / slightly movable) joint. Give two examples. a. b. 6. What structural features of synovial joints make them more freely movable than other types of joints? Match the parts of a synovial joint with the descriptions below. A. Articular cartilage SF. Synovial fluid F. Fibrous capsule SM. Synovial membrane L. Ligaments _____a. Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of articulating bones. _____b. Lubricates joint and nourishes articular cartilage; consistency of uncooked egg white. _____c. Inner layer of the synovial capsule; secretes synovial fluid _____d. Fibers that bind bones together _____e. Together these form the articular capsule (2 answers) 11. Perform the action described. Then write in the name of the type of movement. a. Describe a cone with your arm as if you are winding up to pitch a ball. The movement is called _____________________. b. Stand in anatomical position (palms forward). Turn your palms backward. This action is called _________________. c. Move your fingers from "fingers together" to fingers apart" position. This action is _________________ of the fingers. d. Raise your shoulders, as if to shrug them. This movement is called _____________________ of the shoulders. e. Stand on your toes. This action at the ankle joint is called _____________________________...
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...WGU ALT1 Anatomy and Physiology Labs for RN - BSN All Labs http://www.homeworkminutes.com/question/view/41056/ALT1-Anatomy-and-Physiology-Labs-WGU-All-3-Labs ALT1 Labs Part 1 1. A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the sutures between the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. 2. 1. A. Why are synarthroses an important component of fibrous joints? 2. Cartilaginous joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? 3. 1. A. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? 2. 1. A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? 2. 1. A. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? 2. A. Which synovial joint is most movable? 3. 1. A. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? 2. 1. A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? 2. Hinge joints like the knee’s or elbow have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to injury? 3. 1. A. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps muscle (on the anterior part of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps muscle (on the posterior part of the arm) as this action is performed? 2. 4. ALT1 Labs Part 2 5. 6. Organization of Nerve Tissue Lab The Multipolar Neuron 1. A. What is the function of a neuron? What is the difference between a neuron and a nerve? 2. A. What gives a multipolar neuron its name? 3. B...
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...center affected digit to IR Center PIP to the IR Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP of affected digit Collimate to the affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of digit, including 1” proximal to MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria No rotation Entire digit from fingertip to distal metacarpal Lateral Finger Lateromedial (2-3) or Mediolateral (4-5)  Position of Part Rest hand on lateral (radial) surface for 2nd or 3rd digits, or on the medial (ulnar) surface for 4th or 5th digits Extend affected digit Close remaining digits into a fist; hold in flexion with thumb 2nd and 5th digits directly in contact with IR 3rd and 4th placed parallel with IR Adjust to a true lateral position Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of the digit, including 1” proximal to the MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit in lateral position No rotation PA Oblique - 2nd through 5th  Position of Part Hand pronated with palmar surface resting on IR Center IR to level of PIP joint Rotate hand externally until digits are separated on a 45* angle (or placed on a 45* wedge) Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of digit including 1” proximal to MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit rotated 45* Includes distal portion of metacarpal AP Thumb Projection 1st Digit Robert View  Position of Part Hand in extreme medial rotation ...
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...“It sifts from Leaden Sieves” It sifts from leaden sieves, It powders all the wood. It fills with alabaster wool The wrinkles of the road It makes an even face Of mountain and of a plain- Unbroken forehead from the east Unto the east again It reaches to the fence, It wraps it rail by rail Till it lost in fleeces; It deals celestial veil To stump and stack and stem- A summer’s empty room Acres of joints where harvest were, Recordless, but for them It ruffles wrists of posts As ankles of a queen Then stills its artisans like ghosts, Denying they have been. Paraphrase The snow falls from the sky through the clouds like flour. It powders all the trees. It fills every cracks of the road with the white. It makes the mountain and the plain becomes flat land in white. As far as we can see is white from east unto the east again. The snow reaches the fence, and wraps it by rail until cannot be seen but white snow. The snow deals the sky layer. Coming noisy and full fill the farm acres of joints where harvest were, recordless but for them. The snows annoy the pole of posts as well turned of queen. Then stills its artisans and disappear in silence, denying they have been make an annoyance. ☺ The Imageries of “It Sifts from Leaden Sieves” There are some imageries used in this poem, but, personification is the major imagery used by the writer. It can be found in these sentences: 1. It sifts from leaden sieves, 2. It powders all the wood. 3. It...
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...the bones below according to shape and size (flat, long, short, irregular, or sesamoid) (0.5 point each). |Bones |Type of Bone | |Carpal Bones |short | |Cervical Vertebrae |Irregular | |Femur |long | |Ilium |Flat | 2. (2 Points) For each diarthrodial joint listed below, list the joint classification (ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid, gliding, or saddle) (0.5 point each). |Joints |Type of Joint | |Glenohumeral |Ball and socket | | Interphalangeal |Hinge | |Patellofemoral |Hinge | |Talocrural |Hinge | 3. (1 Points) Identify the primary agonists and antagonists during a leg curl. |Agonists: |Hamstrings | ...
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...furniture only made of wood, without a nail? Several years ago, a friend of mine, studying architecture, introduced the amazing craft called mortise-and-tenon joint to me and told me that it had been used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world. In traditional Chinese architecture, wood components, such as beams, roof frames and brackets, were made to interlock with perfect fit, without using fasteners or glues, enabling the wood to expand and contract according to humidity. Although he spoke like an encyclopedia about it, I could not get a clear picture of what it was like. Few days ago, I came across an app called “wood joints”, which a friend of mine shared on Wechat. After downloading it, I was amazed to find that this app provides a high quality 3D model (the mortise-and-tenon joint in books are two dimensional drawings) to view the 27 classical mortise-and-tenon joint structures broken down into their composite parts. The first thought that occurred to me was that creativity comes from our “big questions” which lead us toward our purpose. The big question of the designer of the app started with the influence of his father who used to make the furniture by himself. He started to ask himself, “How can I use computer technology to gain a clear perspective of the classical mortise-and-tenon joint structures?” After 6 months of preparation and hard work, his team accomplished the dream. Actually, the app is a good example of the long tail effect. According...
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...proliferation, because the treatment, which uses injections of ozone, causes the proliferation (growth, formation) of new cartilage and connective tissue in areas where it has become weak or damaged. The response to treatment varies from person to person but most people only need from 5-10 treatments. Prolozone is a homeopathic/oxygen-ozone injection technique developed and pioneered by Dr. Frank Shallenberger MD, HMD in the 1990′s. It is excellent for all forms of musculo-skeletal and joint pain including chronic neck and back pain, rotator cuff injuries, degenerative and arthritic hips and knees, degenerated discs and shoulder and elbow pain. Because in many cases prolozone actually corrects the pathology of the disorder, there is a 75% chance for the chronic pain sufferer to becoming permanently pain free. 2. History: Historical review shows that a version of this technique was first used by Hippocrates on soldiers with dislocated, torn shoulder joints. He would stick a hot poker into the front of the joint and it would then miraculously heal normally. Of course, hot pokers are not in use today but the principle is essentially the same – stimulate the body to repair itself through the use of controlled irritation. The injection of “proliferating” agents first began in...
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...Septoplasty is the term used for a surgical procedure designed to correct a displacement of the cartilage and bone dividing the nostrils. This condition is frequently referred to as a deviated septum. During a Septoplasty procedure, the nasal septum is straightened and then repositioned in the center of the nose. To straighten and reposition the nasal septum, Dr. Kevin Sadati may need to cut and remove parts within the nasal septum prior to repositioning, and inserting them in the proper position. Several factors are taken into consideration when planning a Septoplasty procedure. These factors include the features and physical structure of the nose as well as whether or not the patient is experiencing breathing difficulties. While it is common to have some deviation of the septum, when the condition is severe, breathing difficulties can result. These breathing difficulties may be caused by a blockage in one side or both sides of the nose, which is reducing the airflow and causing the breathing problems. In addition, some people who have a deviated septum experience a drying effect, bleeding and/or crusting within the nose. Dr. Sadati performs Septoplasty procedures to straighten the nasal septum through trimming, repositioning and replacing the cartilage, the bone or both. Patients who have this procedure will receive some form of anesthesia: It is the complexity of the surgical procedure that determines whether a patient receives local anesthesia, local anesthesia with sedation...
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...Joint Pain Joints form the connections between bones. They provide support and help you move. Any damage to the joints from disease or injury can interfere with your movement and cause a lot of pain. Joint pain is a matter of serious concern, primarily because joints play a huge role in the overall functioning of the human body. Joint pain is the result of an injury, infectious disease, or medical condition or is the result of structural damage within the joints. There are many different types of painful joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, etc. Joint pain is extremely common. Knee pain is the most common, followed by shoulder and hip pain, but joint pain can affect any part of your body,...
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