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MANAGEMENT STRATEGIQUE

GESLAIN Charlotte Mme WALLAS
GESLAIN Pierre Mr.BOMBRAULT
HESCO YOANN
HELY Philippe-Michel Le groupe casino est le cinquième distributeur français avec les marques Franprix, Casino, Leader Price, Spar et monoprix. Le groupe compte aujourd’hui plus de 14 000 points de ventes dont 9500 en France. Sa présence internationale se fait essentiellement en Amérique latine (Brésil, Argentine, Uruguay, Colombie ainsi qu’en Asie (Vietnam, Thaïlande) et dans une dizaine de pays d’Afrique Outre la distribution, le groupe est également présent sur le secteur de l’immobilier avec Mercialys ainsi que dans l’E-commerce avec Cdiscount.
Le succès du groupe CASINO s’explique par sa stratégie. Celle-ci, définie et appliquée depuis une dizaine d’année, est composée de divers choix stratégiques.
On constate tout d’abord qu’il y a eu une croissance externe, avec un doublement de la taille du groupe en 4 ans. Avec le rachat d’enseignes (Monoprix, GPA), l’acquisition de magasins concurrents (le mutant) ou la création d’un partenariat d’affiliation sur près de 90 magasins le mutant à travers un contrat de licence d’approvisionnement, le groupe CASINO réalise une croissance externe d’envergure.
Or avec l’acquisition à 100% d’un distributeur « premium » (monoprix) et de magasins orientés vers le discount (Le mutant), le groupe reste fidèle à sa stratégie multi-format, à savoir le discount, le qualitatif, la proximité et l’e-commerce. Et ça paye : La publication annuelle de 2014 a été saluée, avec une progression de tous les indicateurs (dividende par action, bénéfice net, Ebitda, chiffre d’affaires.)
La croissance organique est également source de satisfaction pour le groupe CASINO. Grâce aux apports des réseaux Franprix, de Leader Price, ainsi que de l’agence Mercialys, la croissance organique du groupe est en progression de 2,8% pour au 2ème trimestre 2014.
Depuis 2004, différentes stratégies sont appliquées au sein du groupe CASINO.
Au niveau Corporate tout d’abord, avec une stratégie de diversification entamée avec Mercialys, qui agit dans le secteur de l’immobilier, ainsi que la création de Casino Banque qui prête de l’argent à des particuliers qui souhaitent acheter une voiture par exemple. Le groupe développe son activité dans de nombreux secteurs et innove en se diversifiant dans des secteurs où ne sont pas présents ses concurrents de la grande distribution. En outre, le groupe se spécialise également dans son domaine d’activité puisqu’il œuvre à la fois sur le discount, la proximité et maintenant le qualitatif/premium avec le rachat de monoprix.
Ensuite, le Groupe CASINO a fait des choix payants en stratégie business. En se différenciant (par le haut), avec Monoprix qui a investi 10 millions d’euros en changeant le packaging de ses 2000 références. Monoprix a modernisé son identité graphique et s’est différencié par rapport à ses concurrents (Carrefour, Leclerc…). En lançant une guerre des prix dans l’optique stratégique d’une domination par les coûts. Le groupe a investi et revu sa politique tarifaire en réalisant des baisses de prix sans précédent. Chez leader price, 60 millions d’euros ont été investi pour diminuer les prix d’environ 6%. Si les résultats peinent à se faire attendre chez Leader Price, la guerre des prix a permis à l’enseigne Géant de stabiliser son chiffre d’affaire alors qu’il était encore en chute de 2% en 2013.
Enfin, dans le contexte d’économie globalisée, le groupe CASINO a fait le choix stratégique de l’internationalisation. Il y a peu, les ventes étaient majoritairement réalisées en France Aujourd’hui, 56% d’entre elles le sont à l’international, notamment au Brésil. Or le groupe profite grandement de cette l’internalisation, car les meilleures performances sont enregistrées hors de la France : +7,% pour les activités de distribution alimentaire en Amérique Latine et +3,1% en Asie.
Centrons-nous maintenant sur l’avantage concurrentiel du groupe CASINO. Avant toute chose, il nous faut rappeler que les multiples DAS du groupe CASINO n’en sont pas un, étant donné que la quasi-totalité des groupes du secteur ont eux aussi de nombreuses enseignes dans des domaines variés. Il s’agit donc d’un facteur clé de succès.
Cependant, et en premier lieu, les différentes enseignes du groupe CASINO ont pour avantage de ne pas partager un dénominatif commun. Système U ou Carrefour, par exemple, lient le nom de leurs marques (Carrefour, Carrefour City, Carrefour Market), et partagent des produits du groupe qui doivent être vendus au même prix. Le groupe CASINO peut donc, à l’inverse, pousser la différenciation très loin, et faire du hard-discount massif ou au contraire du premium très moderne, sans risquer de trop étirer l’image du groupe.
Le groupe, très international (encore une force) se fait un devoir de s’adapter parfaitement aux spécificités des pays d’implantation. De nouvelles marques sont créées pour l’expansion à l’étranger (contrairement aux concurrents), réduisant le beta de risque, tout en témoignant du respect du groupe CASINO pour la culture locale. Là encore, la volonté du groupe de vraiment différencier chacune de ses marques lui apporte un avantage concurrentiel. On peut citer la marque GPA au Brésil, ou Big C dans des pays de l’ancienne Indochine. Le second avantage, bien plus important, dont dispose le groupe CASINO sur ses concurrents est sa puissante présence dans l’e-commerce. Là où ses principaux rivaux réalisent certes des ventes par Internet, CASINO dispose d’un véritable champion du web : CDiscount. Ce site de vente de produits (qui a commencé récemment à proposer un rayon « alimentaire ») est un modèle de développement hybride. Par rapport à ses concurrents pure-players, il peut proposer un retrait dans les magasins du groupe CASINO, évitant les inconvénients des points-relais ou le coût d’une livraison par La Poste. Et par rapport aux sites des autres groupes de grande distribution proposant une option drive-in, il a l’avantage de n’être nullement aligné sur les prix d’un magasin en particulier. Ainsi, en combinant la praticité d’un système d’achat en ligne avec drive-in, et les prix d’un pure player, CDiscount compte bien se placer (en France et à l’international) sur le long-terme comme la clé de voute de la stratégie de CASINO.
Avec les autres organes e-commerce appartenant au groupe à l’étranger, CDiscount forme « CNova », pierre angulaire de l’avenir de CASINO. Ayant anticipé avec sagesse l’évolution probable du marché de la distribution (comme le montre l’adoption rapide des Bitcoins), qui passera de plus en plus par le numérique, CASINO compte bien prendre une place de leader au niveau mondial avant ses concurrents. Le projet CNova est extrêmement ambitieux, mais s’il se concrétise, il transformera le léger avantage concurrentiel de CASINO en une arme dont tous les rivaux de CASINO feront les frais. Car si le marché de la grande distribution physique est fluctuant, sur le net, le premier arrivé est extrêmement difficile à déloger.
Et avec CNova, le groupe CASINO est parti pour devenir le premier acteur majeur de la grande distribution hybride numérique/physique. Ce qui est l’un des plus bel avantage concurrentiel dont on puisse rêver sur ce marché.
Notre analyse a mis en évidence différents choix stratégiques, applicables au groupe casino, pour lesquels nous opterions à l’avenir. En nous basant sur les domaines d’activité stratégiques identifiés précédemment, nous avons décidé de concentrer les efforts principalement sur la proximité.
La domination par les coûts et la différenciation par le haut ont déjà fait partie des stratégies récentes de Casino. Cependant, la différenciation peut être accentuée, et une spécialisation du groupe ainsi qu’un développement à l’international sont des choix stratégiques qui pourraient se révéler payants à l’avenir.
Tout d’abord et au niveau Corporate, nous proposons à Casino de poursuivre sa segmentation avec une stratégie de spécialisation. Il pourrait être judicieux de se spécialiser dans la vente les surgelés en magasins propres, à la manière de Picard. Casino vend déjà des plats cuisinés surgelés dans ses magasins. Picard n’ayant pas de concurrent (personne à ce jour à part l’enseigne ne vend exclusivement de surgelés en magasin). Ainsi le groupe pourrait sérieusement concurrencer Picard sur le terrain des prix, car l’enseigne possède un positionnement très haut de gamme. Cette option permettrait de gagner une certaine clientèle adepte des surgelés (praticité, conservation)
L’autre outil rentre dans une stratégie Corporate d’intégration verticale. Dans ce cadre, l’idée est d’acquérir, en amont, des fournisseurs (agriculteurs français, éleveurs…). Cette stratégie, dont toutes les enseignes du groupe Casino pourront bénéficier nous permet tout d’abord d’être plus compétitifs au niveau des prix et également de contrer les concurrents comme Auchan et Système U qui s’associent pour peser dans les négociations face aux fournisseurs. L’acquisition de certains éleveurs et agriculteurs permettra à Casino d’apporter une valeur ajoutée à ses marques de distributeur. En effet, cette provenance pourra être spécifiée sur les emballages. Cet outil est une grosse force surtout en matière de marketing, de communication pour la marque, de manière à ce que les consommateurs se sentent plus proche de la marque.
Au niveau stratégie business, la continuation de la stratégie de différenciation peut s’avérer payante. L’outil utilisé sera la carte de fidélité du groupe Casino, qui sera valable chez toutes les enseignes du groupe. La carte sera basée sur celle de Casino avec des points fidélité. Cette carte pourra cumuler des points chez Casino, Leader Price, Franprix, Géant, Monoprix. Ainsi, nous assurons de garder les clients dans les enseignes du groupe et nous leur facilitons leurs courses : plus besoin de chercher un Casino pour les points fidélité, il y aura bien un Spar, un Monop’ ou un Franprix pas loin.
D’autre part, l’introduction en bourse de CNOVA doit s’inscrire dans une stratégie long terme dans le cadre du DAS e-commerce et doit occuper une place centrale. Ici, il est capital de donner une place importante à cet aspect car il est un vecteur de différenciation pour le groupe par rapport à ses concurrents. L’introduction en bourse de CNOVA donne également une visibilité au groupe dans le cadre de son internationalisation. Nous proposons dans ce cadre d’étendre le champ d’action de CNOVA à une plus grande partie d’Asie (Corée du Sud, Japon), d’Afrique (après la Côte d’Ivoire, penser à élargir au Maghreb où le distributeur est déjà très présent) et également en Europe, pour continuer d’inverser la tendance « trop française ».
En développement constant depuis 10 ans, le groupe a réussi à redresser sa situation grâce à une stratégie payante au niveau Corporate et Business. L’internationalisation, la croissance externe et organique ont également joué un rôle important. Si le groupe CASINO maintient la stratégie qui fait désormais sa force et saisit les opportunités qui se présentent à lui, son futur s’annonce radieux.

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