...Alcohol plays too significant a role in society today and should be an after thought as opposed to the most essential addition to any social event. Alcohol creates numerous social, economic, and health problems that could very easily be stopped if it played a less influential role in every day events. The use of alcohol is prominent in, but not limited to three social circles that include students, family groups, and religious gatherings. Experts have much to say about alcohol use and abuse in these three categories, including all of the negative aspects of drinking. Social drinking is a common occurrence around America. Whether it is after work or after a football game, white collar or blue, two-thirds of the American population sit down at least once a week to enjoy an alcoholic beverage (Med.unc.edu). Many of these people do not realize that drinking is what leads to uncontrolled behavior, drunk driving, and in the long run, addiction. They are thinking only of the short-term effects, not the negative long-term consequences. People who regularly turn to alcohol eventually begin to neglect their families and other responsibilities, consequently wrecking the lives of loved ones and their own as well. While the lasting negative effects of alcohol use are spewed daily through the media, the problems will not stop until society completely understands how alcohol can indeed pose a serious threat to the nations social welfare. Alcohol has an adverse effect on the economy. The...
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...February 16, 2000 ALCOHOL Philip J. Cook and Michael J. Moore Duke University and NBER Prepared for the Handbook of Health Economics, Joseph P. Newhouse and Anthony Culyer, editors. Thanks to Michael Grossman, Will Manning, and Harri Sintonen for their very helpful comments. All errors remain the authors’. Abstract Excess drinking is associated with lost productivity, accidents, disability, early death, crime, neglect of family responsibilities, and personality deterioration. These and related concerns have justified special restrictions on alcoholic-beverage commerce and consumption. The nature and extent of government involvement in this arena vary widely over time and place, and are often controversial. Economists have contributed to the evaluation of alcohol policy through empirical work on the effects of alcohol-control measures on consumption and its consequences. Economics has also provided an accounting framework for defining and comparing costs and benefits of interventions, including excise taxes. Outside of the policy arena, economists have analyzed alcohol consumption in the context of stretching the standard model of consumer choice to include intertemporal effects and social influence. Nonetheless, perhaps the most important contribution by economists has been the repeated demonstration that there is nothing unusual about alcohol in at least one essential respect: consumers drink less ethanol (and have fewer alcohol-related problems) when alcohol-beverage...
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...EVELYN M. PONGYAN IV-SINGAPORE MRS.SACOPLA INTRODUCTION Alcohol may be the world's oldest known drug. Fermented grain, fruit juice and honey have been used to make alcohol (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) for thousands of years. The production of products containing alcohol has become big business in today's society and the consumption and abuse of alcohol has become a major public health problem. The effects of alcohol abuse range from a mild hang over to mass destruction, disease and deaths on a huge scale. Alcohol use in moderation has little or no ill effects either for the user or those around them. But the misuse of what has become one of the world's most dangerous drugs takes a devastating toll on both the drinker and on society as a whole. Most agree that the occasional alcoholic drink never hurt anyone. The real danger lies in binge drinking and the development of a tolerance to alcohol, which causes the drinker to consume every greater quantities of booze in a bid to regain that original but elusive feeling of well being. PROBLEM Attached is a comprehensive community-based primary prevention plan for reducing high-risk and underage alcohol use in a community. Though it is important to realize that any effort to be comprehensive will always be lacking some components, the strategies/activities/tasks listed are possible examples of what could be undertaken to reduce high-risk and underage alcohol use. This plan is intended as a guide...
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...Selling ideas can be a very challenging process for a marketer to carry out, particularly when the ideas are centred on modifying someone’s particular beliefs and lifestyle choices. Social marketing is a concept that is used to market this selling of ideas and in this report we shall examine the concept of social marketing in relation to alcohol abuse in Scotland. We shall look to devise a direct marketing campaign to provide a solution to the problems behind alcohol abuse in Scotland. We shall examine particular target markets and analyse what impact, if any, a direct marketing campaign will have in reducing alcohol consumption in Scotland. The rationale for examining alcohol abuse is that it is an ever growing problem in Scotland with alcohol related deaths doubling in the last 15 years and it is also estimated that alcohol abuse costs the Scottish Government £5 billion a year. What is Social Marketing? Firstly, we shall define what social marketing actually is. Social marketing first became an academic practice in the 1970s when Philip Kotler and Gerald Zaltman recognised the fact that the marketing values that were used to market products may also be used to market ideas, beliefs and lifestyle choices. Kotler and Zaltzman outlined social marketing as ‘the design, implementation and control of programs calculated to influence the acceptability of social ideas and involving considerations of product planning, pricing, communication, distribution and marketing research...
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...A Study on Liquor Mafia in India By Kadapa Naveen Chandra Prakash Roll.no. C0654403 2016W_BUS 1013_2 Date: 27th January 2016 Professor: Terry Peddlesden Executive Summery The study is to find the economic, political and social influence of liquor on society. We would discuss about the consequences of ban on liquor and its effects. What are the regulations made by the government to sell liquor by retailer, how they took advantage of loop holes present in the system. Discussion of ethical dilemma for government about liquor business, their industry and impact on society. To analyze the dilemma faced by organizations, economical situations and their social responsibility. How evil forces exploiting these conditions to benefit them, in which most of them are work for government officials, politicians and retailers. The society had adverse effects from persons addicted to alcohol. Alcohol is held responsible for a clichés of accidents and injuries in India, including road traffic trashes. The deaths caused by alcohol poisoning has been at alarming state. The regulations made by government of India inefficient. Prevention programs and treatment facilities are wholly insufficient to meet India's needs. It can be anticipated that alcohol use and related problems will grow in India in the future. Unless planned policy changes are designed and vigorously implemented these problems are likely to produce an excessive burden on this developing country's resources. Introduction ...
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...Background The purpose of this assignment is to provide you with an opportunity to demonstrate your understanding of the material covered in the topic to date, as well as to work with the kinds of issues that economists actually work with. Discussion Students are encouraged to discuss the Assignment and the issues raised by the questions. This does not mean to give other students a prescription of what to do, or the answers to the questions. It means to stimulate thought and the approaches you could take to answering the issues. There can be a fine line between plagiarism and discussion. Be careful not to cross that line - discussion is a normal academic activity and helpful, but plagiarism is viewed very seriously by the University. Tutors will not answer direct questions about the Assignment, but may be approached to answer questions on the concepts the Assignment draws on. There will be some availability of consultation times for tutors during the mid-semester break. Word Limit There is no word limit. You are asked to put extra effort into writing your assignment in a succinct manner. This is a very important business skill and one that you should seek to develop. Your assignment should answer each question fully, but at the same time be to the point, focused on answering the questions, and should not include unnecessary duplication of points or information. Presentation Assignments must be typed, although diagrams can be hand drawn as they can...
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...D O N O T C O PY Balance Sheet Detective 05/2011-5791 This case was written by Elizabeth Demers, Assistant Professor of Accounting and Control at INSEAD. It is intended to be used as a basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. Copyright © 2011 INSEAD TO ORDER COPIES OF INSEAD CASES, SEE DETAILS ON THE BACK COVER. COPIES MAY NOT BE MADE WITHOUT PERMISSION. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE COPIED, STORED, TRANSMITTED, REPRODUCED OR DISTRIBUTED IN ANY FORM OR MEDIUM WHATSOEVER WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER. Exhibit 1 shows the common-size, fiscal year 2005 balance sheets of 9 companies operating in different industries and headquartered in various countries, as described below. Use your economic intuition and the financial information cues provided in the common-size balance sheets to match the companies and industries described below with those depicted in the exhibit. O PY EDF (France) Electricité de France (EDF) is a large French utility company that was recently privatized via an initial public offering. The company's principal activity is the generation, transmission, distribution, import and export of electricity and other forms of energy. The Group has operations in France, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Italy, Slovakia, Hungary, US, Mexico, Morocco, China, Brazil, Ivory Coast, Laos, Vietnam...
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...due to misinformation and stigmas. Even though marijuana is stigmatized as a gateway drug that leads children to harder drugs, marijuana should be legalized for medicinal use because it is incredibly expensive to keep marijuana illegal and adults deserve freedom to use marijuana as medicine without having to deal with the criminal element or fear of being unjustly prosecuted. The gateway effect states that marijuana acts as a stepping stone, or a gateway, that leads people to harder drugs. They support their argument with statistics that show that most people who use hard drugs have tried marijuana before (http://www.mjlegal.org/gateway.html). What though is the gateway theory? Is it based on facts brought to light by years of scientific study? No, in fact the gateway theory does not explain anything at all. It is simply an observation that has been vague at best and dispersed by media outlets and the governing body. It is true that many people that use hard drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or LSD did in fact use marijuana before they tried the harder drugs. The true reason for this is marijuana is much more accessible due to its popularity than other illicit drugs (http://www.mjlegal.org/gateway.html). In fact the Institute of Medicine agrees that the marijuana gateway theory is misleading and was quoted as saying: "In the sense that marijuana use typically precedes rather than follows initiation of other illicit drug use, it is indeed a "gateway" drug. But because underage...
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...TARA – 14th Annual Roads Convention Proceedings, November 17, 2011 The Practicability of Blood Alcohol Concentration Test & Drunken Driving in Tanzania Authors: Address: Emails: Key Words: Gilliard W. Ngewe & Batholomew Marcel National Institute of Transport ngeweg@yahoo.co.uk : batholomewm@yahoo.com Alcohol intoxication, blood alcohol concentration, breathe alcohol content, central nervous system, correlation coefficient, drug, drunken driving, enforcement mechanisms and impaired driving Abstract Beverage alcohol is widely enjoyed the world over in countless different settings and by a great many people. It is well recognized that irresponsible drinking patterns coupled with certain behaviors, such as driving, may bring about a range of harmful outcomes. Accordingly, many countries agree on the need to establish regulations that prohibit impaired driving, particularly as it applies to the operation of automobiles on public roads. The setting of maximum allowable Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) level is a tool for enforcement and for prevention. The offense of driving with a BAC above the legal limit is variously known as “Driving under the Influence” (DUI), “Driving While Intoxicated” (DWI), “drink – driving” or “drunken driving” among other similar names. The most common method of determining BAC is by measuring the alcohol in an exhaled sample of breath. However, there are claims that breath alcohol levels do not reliably mirror blood alcohol levels, in response certain...
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...Brett Hall, R.D. ToxicBellyBugFix.com 2 WARNING: Hi, my name is Brett Hall, Registered Dietician, and I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but in my professional, expert opinion, your entire G.I. tract (consisting of more than 20 feet of small and large intestine) has been infested with toxic “bugs” that are secretly causing a massive “bacterial imbalance” within your body—a condition that may very well lead to a long road of pain and suffering for both you and your loved ones, and even worse, become life-threatening. toxic “bugs” What makes me say this? Well, like you, millions of folks all over the world are unknowingly creating this dangerous imbalance through the ingestion of bacteriapromoting foods, medications, and other “toxic materials” that we are exposed to on a near daily basis. I’m talking about the use of antacids, artificial sweeteners, “diet” beverages and food items, certain brands of yogurt, ibuprofen, laxatives, alcohol, mouth wash and even some brands of chewing gum, dishwasher detergent and toothpaste. What’s more, this bacterial imbalance is also directly linked to the use of antibiotics— either prescribed to us by a doctor or those quietly hidden within our water and food supply—especially within meats and dairy products.1 And if that wasn’t bad enough, believe it or not, these health-destroying bacteria further feed and multiply on something you probably eat every single day—sugar.2 ToxicBellyBugFix.com 3 Fact is, if you suffer from irregular bowel...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Introduction This chapter contains the background of the problem, statement of the problem, purpose of the study, objectives of the study, research questions, justification of the study, limitations of the study, the scope of the study and the conceptual framework. 1.2 Background to the Problem Seventy percent of Kenyan families are affected by alcoholism (Simiyu, 2006). Man has, over time, indeed come to acknowledge the fact that alcoholism is indeed destructive to the human race. This explains the reason as to why numerous studies have been conducted and some are still underway in relations to various areas where alcoholism is indeed a major threat. It is however important to note that most of these studies are mainly centered on the alcoholic. Alcoholism is a term that has many and sometimes conflicting definitions. In current and historic usage, alcoholism refers to a condition that results from continued consumption of alcohol despite the social and medical impacts that are raised by the vice. Alcoholism also referred to, in the nineteenth century and partly in the twentieth century, as dipsomania, may also refer to pre-occupation with or compulsion towards the consumption of alcohol and/or impaired ability to recognize the negative impacts of excessive alcohol consumption. The Macmillan dictionary (2002) defines the word alcoholism as a medical condition that makes it difficult to control the amount of alcohol you drink. ...
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...Rheumatoid Arthritis A Review of The Literature Mechanisms of Human Pathology Charles Childers Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune systemic inflammatory process that primarily attacks synovial joints as well as other tissues and organs of the body. This disorder is characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells leading to an inflammatory response of the synovium that may ultimately cause destruction of articular cartilage. In cases of severe comprehensive damage joints can become ankylosed. RA is usually known to affect the wrist and hands bilaterally and symmetrically, but may be seen in any of the other synovial joints. The destruction can be progressive leading to joint deformations and disabilities.1 RA can also bring inflammation of the lungs, pleura, sclera of the eye, and pericardium. Nodules have been seen in the extensor tendons subcutaneously especially over the olecranon process. As has been reported,1 mechanistic paths to synovitis leading to this articular damage have shown tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) to take a significant part in joint inflammation responsible for the destruction. Therapies have developed to target TNF-α bringing a substantial impact on patient care. The exact etiology remains unclear in this autoimmune progressive disorder, but much is being looked at in search of an autoantigen or another triggering agent. According to Robinson,2 the importance of early diagnosis and...
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...ATS Arrow Training Services Provide Responsible Service of Alcohol - NSW - Correspondence Assessment [pic] Assessment for jhonatan valencia Reference #TFLZRQ23YT Welcome Dear jhonatan, Welcome to your correspondence course assessment. This assessment document has been specifically customised and linked to your student training record. Therefore this document should not be shared with anyone else. If there are multiple people undertaking the training, then each person should work off their own assessment document. For help with managing teams, please contact support who will be more than happy to assist. Thanks for choosing to train by correspondence with us! Kind regards, The ATS Arrow Training Services Correspondence Team Getting started PLEASE NOTE: Microsoft Word 2003 or higher is required to edit this file. We are not aware of any other non-Microsoft software that are fully compatible at this time. If you see a yellow "Protected View" bar at the top of this window, then you will need to click the "Enable Editing" button to allow you to type. Please read the instructions for each question very carefully. eg. if you are asked to select 3 items and you select 2, then you will be marked incorrect. Submitting your completed assessment On completion please be sure to save and then email this assessment to submit@elearningportal.com.au with the hash tag #TFLZRQ23YT in the subject line. HINT: to create the email,...
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...theory, alcoholism is a learned response. This often happens at a young age. A child may see things around them or on TV of people drinking and they tend to believe that is the right thing to do. This addiction is primarily believed to be because of society's influences. This often will affect persons who mostly drink in groups. This theory is based more on the peer pressure a person might receive, so they often turn to alcohol drinking problems during college years. Moreover, it has become a public health concern because of its effect on the future of a child. The goal of the current study is to assess the primary psychosocial factors that predict problem drinking among college students. Variables examined included demographic variables, personality, drinking history, alcohol expectancies, drinking motives, stress and coping, activity involvement, and peer and family influence. Evidence from studies of college drinking indicated that the variables associated with...
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...University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado. Abstract The role of aldosterone has expanded from the hormone's genomic effects that involve renal sodium transport to nongenomic effects that are independent of the effect of aldosterone on sodium transport. The nongenomic effects of aldosterone to increase fibrosis, collagen deposition, inflammation, and remodeling of the heart and blood vessels, however, are markedly increased in the presence of high sodium intake. The genomic effect of aldosterone increases renal sodium transport, but the administration of large doses of aldosterone to normal individuals does not cause edema, relating to the phenomenon of "aldosterone escape"; however, in edematous disorders including cardiac failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome, impaired aldosterone escape leads to renal sodium retention and edema formation. There is now considerable evidence for the nongenomic effects of aldosterone in several important diseases. Thus, low dosages of mineralocorticoid antagonists, with little or no effect on urinary sodium excretion, have been shown to afford a beneficial effect on morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced cardiac failure and after acute myocardial infarction. Three-drug-resistant hypertension has also been found to respond to spironolactone in modest dosages. The combination of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) with spironolactone to treat such resistant hypertension may be more effective than adding an angiotensin...
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