...colorectal cancer, yet such therapies are costly and have side effects. Little is known about their non-evidence-based use. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using commercial insurance claims from UnitedHealthcare, and identified incident cases of metastatic colon cancer (mCC) from July 2007 through April 2010. We evaluated the use of three regimens with recommendations against their use in the National Comprehensive Cancer Center Network Guidelines, a commonly used standard of care: 1) bevacizumab beyond progression; 2) single agent capecitabine as a salvage therapy after failure on a fluoropyridimidine-containing regimen; 3) panitumumab or cetuximab after progression on a prior epidermal growth factor receptor antibody. We performed sensitivity analyses of key assumptions regarding cohort selection. Costs from a payer perspective were estimated using the average sales price for the entire duration and based on the number of claims. Results: A total of 7642 patients with incident colon cancer were identified, of which 1041 (14%) had mCC. Of those, 139 (13%) potentially received at least one of the three unsupported off-label (UOL) therapies; capecitabine was administered to 121 patients and 49 (40%) likely received it outside of clinical guidelines, at an estimated cost of $718,000 for 218 claims. Thirty-eight patients received panitumumab and six patients (16%) received it after being on cetuximab...
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...and Cases of the Reincarnation Type JIM B. TUCKER Division of Perceptual Studies Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA e-mail: jbt8n@virginia.edu Ian Stevenson began studying children who claim to remember previous lives— an endeavor that will surely be remembered as the primary focus of his life’s work—almost by accident. Enjoying a successful mainstream career with some 60 publications in the medical and psychiatric literature to his credit, he had become chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology at the University of Virginia in 1957. The following year, the American Society for Psychical Research announced a contest in honor of William James for the best essay on‘‘the topic of paranormal mental phenomena and their relationship to the problem of survival of the human personality after bodily death.’’ Ian, who had said when he interviewed for the chairman position that he had an interest in parapsychology, had been intrigued by the concept of reincarnation and in his readings had come across reports of individuals claiming to have memories of previous lives, or‘‘apparent memories of former incarnations,’’ as he called them. The reports came from a number of sources, such as books, magazines, and newspapers. Ian analyzed 44 of them as a group in a paper that won the contest and was subsequently published in 1960 (Stevenson, 1960a,b). He was impressed with the similarities in cases from...
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...suggest that that the traditional “customer-centricity” model is being replaced by a “customer-compliance business model” of service provision. The 2007 article by Dellande and Nyer called “Using Public Commitment to Gain Customer Compliance” aims to investigate the role of public commitment in gaining customer compliance in a long-term service when the customer is away from the provider. Their findings suggest that motivation is the key customer attribute in gaining compliance. Critical Evaluation of Methodology Used The research design used in Dellande, Gilly and Graham’s article is mentioned as being Cross-Sectional Design, which is defined by Bryman and Bell (2011) as a design which entails the collection of data on more than one case and at a single point in time in order to collect a body of quantifiable data in connection with the two or more variables, which are examined to detect patterns of association. Even though the article enlists several variables which are used to support the theory the research was conducted only at the weight-loss clinic “Lindora Comprehensive Weight Control”. Lindora’s website (2012) specifies that the weight management program is specific for their company, therefore implying that the results...
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...Academia logo redesign 2015 LOG IN SIGN UP Case Study 2, Under Armour's Strategy Nicola Hudson UPLOADED BY Nicola Hudson TRENDING top 1% VIEWS 1,786 DOWNLOAD Case Study 2, Under Armour’s Strategy Under Armour is an emerging company in the sports apparel industry whose mission is to “Make all athletes better through passion, science and the rel entless pursuit of innovation” . Under Armour was a disruptive innovator in the sports apparel industry by creating sports apparel using synthetic materials as an alternative to natural fibers, such as cotton. This important change in material resulted in a “shirt that provided compress ion and wicked perspiration off your skin rather than absorb it…that worked with your body to regulate temperature and enhance performance” . This promise to increase athletic performance differentiated it from competing sports apparel companies, but rivals have since implemented synthetic materials into their product lines. This case study seeks to analyze Under Armour ’s history, resources, capabilities, and core competencies, business and corporate-level strategies, as well as the general environment and competitive landscape. After careful inspection of these varying areas, the factors contributing to Under Armour’s current success and future challenges will become clearer. The conception for Under Armour began over a year ago when CEO Kevin Plank played on the University of Maryland football team. Frustrated with...
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...support of the use of the death penalty, making the claim that it is morally justified and serves as a deterrent. 2) In support of his argument, the author provides several pieces of evidence and arguments to support his claim. To support his claim, he initially argues that the death penalty serves as a deterrent and is morally justifiable. He continues his argument on morality by stating his belief that when one has raped and murdered a child, the person deserves to die and no longer has the right to life. In this letter, the author justifies the moral use of the death penalty with a quote from President Obama, insinuating that there are such crimes so heinous that the community is justified in expressing the full measure of outrage and meting out the ultimate punishment. Following that, the...
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...In this research note we will discuss strengths and weaknesses in the design of this study, and propose ways to deal with the weaknesses in a follow-up study. We will address two themes; generalizability and reliability/validity. Generalizability Generalizability theory is mainly used as a tool to conceptualize and design reliable data. (Brennan 2001) If we want to operationalize generalizability than generalizability would be an extension of your conclusions from for example a small survey to a much larger population. Applying this on case studies, Mills, Durepos and Wiebe (2010) say generalizability refers to the ability of extending the validity of one's case study conclusions to other cases of the kind. In his paper, Malmi actually uses the term theoretical generalization and defines it as the explanations generated from this and other case studies that will help ABC failure as a phenomenon to become understandable. In order to achieve this, Malmi explicitly illustrates the different interests of organizational stakeholders, different purposes for the use of ABC and describes political, economic and cultural influences on ABC implementation. Due to the multiple factors affecting ABC implementation, Malmi described ABC failure in a broad context such that his conclusion is easier transferable to other organizations. Reliability and validity In the context of quantitative studies, reliability can be defined as the extent to which evidence is independent of the person...
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...CRJ 311 Entire Course (Ash) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.crj311nerd.com CRJ 311 Week 1 Assignment The CSI Effect CRJ 311 Week 1 DQ 1 Peer Review CRJ 311 Week 1 DQ 2 Your First Scene CRJ 311 Week 1 Journal You're an Expert! CRJ 311 Week 2 Assignment Conducting Your Own Field Sobriety Test CRJ 311 Week 2 DQ 1 Drugs and Scheduling CRJ 311 Week 2 DQ 2 Field Sobriety Tests CRJ 311 Week 2 Journal SANE or Not CRJ 311 Week 3 Assignment Case Study Analysis The Enrique Camarena Case CRJ 311 Week 3 DQ 1 Hair Evidence CRJ 311 Week 3 DQ 2 Arson Dogs CRJ 311 Week 3 Journal Professional Painter CRJ 311 Week 4 Assignment What's Your Impression CRJ 311 Week 4 DQ 1 Bite Mark Evidence CRJ 311 Week 4 DQ 2 Fingerprint Evidence CRJ 311 Week 4 Journal Cold Case Investigation CRJ 311 Week 5 DQ 1 Blood Patterns CRJ 311 Week 5 DQ 2 DNA Evidence CRJ 311 Week 5 Final Paper CRJ 311 Week 5 Journal Cold Case Investigation ======================================================== CRJ 311 Week 1 Assignment The CSI Effect (Ash) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.crj311nerd.com Read “Fact or Fiction?; The Jury is Still Out on the CSI Effect; A TV-Insprired Interest in Forensics Has Left the Courtroom Vulnerable to Junk Science,” which is located in the ProQuest database in the Ashford Online Library. What is the CSI Effect, and do you believe it is a legitimate concern? In your paper, address the following: Summarize the CSI Effect and evaluate if it is a legitimate concern. ...
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...1 Introduction Discourse analysis is both an old and a new discipline. Its origins can be traced back to the study of language, public speech, and literature more than 2000 years ago. (Schiffrin, 2001) Much of the structural analysis of the term can be said to have resulted from books such as the archaeology of knowledge, discipline and punish and the history of sexuality which were written by the famous sociologist Michael Foucault. Foucault defines discourse as ways of constituting knowledge, together with social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations, which inhere in such knowledge, and relations between them. (Quinby, 1999) Putnam and Fairhurst [2001: 79] use the term 'discourse analysis' to refer to 'the study of words and signifiers, including the form or structure of these words, the use of language in context, and the meanings or interpretation of discursive practices'. Discourses are more than ways of thinking and producing meaning (this meaning could be in form of language, speech, text etc.). They constitute the ‘nature’ of the body, unconscious and conscious and conscious mind and emotional life of the subjects they seek to govern (Weedon, 1987) 1.2 Extract Overview The extract to be assessed is from figure 8.1-8.4.1.The case study written by Finlay, (2000) talks about a company’s operating environment. In the case study Finlay wants his readers to analyse a company’s operating environment by looking at either the value chain or Poter’s...
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...there are so many different considerations and opinions surrounding the issue. Anthony Gifford’s article, “The Legal Basis of the Claim for Slavery Reparations”, Ta-Nehisi Coates’ “The Case for Reparations”, and chapter nine of Michael Sandel’s book, Justice: What’s The Right Thing To Do? all dig deeper into this issue and take a look at the idea of slavery reparations from various different angles. One of the big questions to reflect on while considering the possibility of slavery reparations in America is: What can be done in order to begin resolving the issue of slavery reparations? The...
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...practice using a multiparadigm approach. It has been observed by many researchers that a single paradigm is inevitably limiting when attempting to uncover certain facets within organisations and can obscure others (Schultz and Hatch 1996). The apparent discourse within organisational culture theory has exemplified organisational theory to the extent that Mingers and Brocklesby (1997) praised organisational studies for exemplifying and encouraging multiparadigm interests within other fields of research (e.g. physics, biology). The benefits of a multiparadigm approach is argued to offer a midpoint between the extremes of academic theory; this has been achieved in organisational culture by constructing consistent representations of the effect organisational culture on an organisations performance. Schultz & Hatch (1996) explain that it is difficult to find organisational theorists who simultaneously recognise contrasts and connections between paradigms. The work of Dahler-Larsen (1994) is a good example of this: predominantly critical of corporate cultures claim that the...
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...practice using a multiparadigm approach. It has been observed by many researchers that a single paradigm is inevitably limiting when attempting to uncover certain facets within organisations and can obscure others (Schultz and Hatch 1996). The apparent discourse within organisational culture theory has exemplified organisational theory to the extent that Mingers and Brocklesby (1997) praised organisational studies for exemplifying and encouraging multiparadigm interests within other fields of research (e.g. physics, biology). The benefits of a multiparadigm approach is argued to offer a midpoint between the extremes of academic theory; this has been achieved in organisational culture by constructing consistent representations of the effect organisational culture on an organisations performance. Schultz & Hatch (1996) explain that it is difficult to find organisational theorists who simultaneously recognise contrasts and connections between paradigms. The work of Dahler-Larsen (1994) is a good example of this: predominantly critical of corporate cultures claim that the...
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...New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 11, 1 (June 2009): 304-317. EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS IN MALAYSIA: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE MAIMUNAH AMINUDDIN1 Independent Scholar Introduction This paper offers an overview of the employment relations framework in Malaysia, focusing on the current status of three key areas central to the employment relations system, namely, the strength of the trade union movement, security of employment for employees, and the state’s position on measures to deal with sexual harassment. It will only examine these subsystems of the employment relations system as they apply in the private sector where the majority of employees work, this sector is considered the main driver of Malaysia’s economy. The Trade Union Movement The relationship between employers and employees in Malaysia is regulated by a number of laws which were introduced prior to independence (1957) and in the first decade immediately thereafter. The colonial economy prior to World War II (1939-45) was based on tin mining and rubber plantations. The need for labour in these two industries changed the human landscape of Malaysia (Malaya as it then was) for ever. The colonial government either allowed or actively encouraged the importation of labour from China and India, thus creating the multi-racial society which is Malaysia today. The wages of this growing group of employees were low and working conditions were mostly abysmal. Jomo and Todd explained the lack of governmental ...
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...RULE CR 45 SUBPOENA (a) Form; Issuance. (1) Every subpoena shall: (A) state the name of the court from which it is issued; (B) state the title of the action, the name of the court in which it is pending, and its case number; (C) command each person to whom it is directed to attend and give testimony or to produce and permit inspection and copying of designated books, documents or tangible things in the possession, custody or control of that person, or to permit inspection of premises, at a time and place therein specified; and (D) set forth the text of subsections (c) and (d) of this rule. (2) A subpoena for attendance at a deposition shall state the method for recording the testimony. (3) A command to a person to produce evidence or to permit inspection may be joined with a command to appear at trial or hearing or at deposition, or may be issued separately. A party may be compelled to produce evidence at a deposition or permit inspection only in accordance with rule 34. (4) A subpoena may be issued by the court in which the action is pending under the seal of that court or by the clerk in response to a praecipe. An attorney of record of a party or other person authorized by statute may issue and sign a subpoena, subject to RCW 5.56.010. (b) Service. (1) A subpoena may be served by any suitable person over 18 years of age by giving the person named therein a copy thereof, or by leaving a copy at such person’s dwelling house or usual place of abode...
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...too insignificant for people to put an effort to learning about. There are also times where information is overly simplified and have no real background to make a worthy judgment. Amidst all of the fallacies in the fast food industry, there exist reliable sources of information. In recent years, there has been an increase of connecting ideas of the transformation of fasts foods. Although some arguments claim the reason is one clause over the other, some will divert and stray off topic. They exert random facts to either make the claim reasonable or by overflowing them with sources that seems reliable from authoritative figures. Rabin article “Proximity to Fast Food a Factor in Student Obesity” goes to say: Ninth graders whose schools are within a block of a fast-food outlet are more likely to be obese than students whose schools are a quarter of a mile or more away, according to a study of millions of schoolchildren by economists at the University of California and Columbia University. (Rabin) The basis of proximity and obesity are non sequitur ideas. The field of study was limited and difficult to draw a conclusion because there is no reliable comprehensive connection. Researching related concepts such as types of foods, productions, and manufacture, connect with fast food resulting in student obesity are better. Although there is relevance to the idea of proximity...
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...history of the subaltern classes which included: (1) their objective formation (2) their active or passive affiliation to the dominant political formations (3) the birth of new parties and dominant groups (4) the formations that the subaltern groups produce to press their claims (5) new formations within the old framework that assert the autonomy of the subaltern classes; and (6) other points referring to trade unions and political parties. Gramsci claimed that the history of the subaltern classes was just as complex as the history of the dominant classes, although the history of the latter is usually that which is accepted as ‘official’ history. For him, the history of subaltern social groups is necessarily fragmented and episodic, since they are always subject to the activity of ruling groups, even when they rebel. Clearly they have less access to the means by which they may control their own representation. and less access to cultural and social institutions. Only ‘permanent’ victory (that is, a revolutionary class adjustment) can break that pattern of subordination, and even that does not occur immediately. The term has been adapted to post—colonial studies from the work of the Subaltern Studies group of historians, who aimed to promote a systematic discussion of subaltern themes...
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