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Case Study of Communication Barriers

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Q- Explain the concept of Validity and Reliability in Measurement? Also define different types of Validity and reliability discussed in lectures.

Note: Remember, I want quality work, so write in your own words. In case of copy paste, marks will be deducted.

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Validity: Validity means that how much important test measurement ant what it is design or purpose to measure validity measure in degree as a process, validation includes collecting and analyzing data to assess the accuracy of an instrument. There are lot of statistical test which measure the validity of quantitative instruments
Types of Validity:
There are several forms of validity

In the context of experimental design there are two terms external validity and internal validity
External Validity: In external validity the result shows from a sample to a population. We take data directly from sampling when we establish external validity for an instrument.
Content Validity: Content validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and representative set of items that tap the concept. The more the scale items represent the domain of the concept being measured, the greater the content validity. In others words content validity is a function of how well the dimensions and elements of a concept have been delineated
Face validity: Face validity is considered by some a basic and minimum index of content validity. Face validity shows that the items that are intended to measure a concept on the face of it. Some researcher do not see fit to treat face validity as a valid component of content validity
Criterion- related validity: Criterion related validity is expected to predict and established when the measure differentiates individuals on a criterion. They shows score differently on the instrument.
Predictive Validity: This differentiate individuals in a manner

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