Contents of the Treaty of Lausanne:
Through the enforcement of the treaty, the state of peace was to be restored between the British Empire and its Allies (High Agreement/High Trust) and Turkey which is the Opposition (Low Agreement/High Trust). Diplomatic ties would resume between both the sides and diplomatic and counselor level representatives of both sides would be treated in accordance to the rulings of international law.
The agreement drawn up for the Treaty of Lausanne was divided into five parts. The following are the parts in which the treaty has been divided: * Part I - Political Clauses * Part II – Financial Clauses * Part III – Economic Clauses * Part IV – Communications and Sanitary Questions * Part V – Miscellaneous Provisions
Part I – Political Clauses
Section 1 that is the Territorial Clauses described the boundaries/frontiers between Turkey and other states. Article 2 states the frontier of Turkey with Bulgaria and Greece, while the third article defines the boundaries of Turkey with Syria and Iraq. The major purpose of all these territorial clauses is to highlight the boundaries of Turkey and several adjoining states. These clauses set an outline for the process of developing the frontiers and the establishing procedures in case any conflict occurs. Article 16 is most important for the fact that it states “Turkey hereby renounces all rights and title whatsoever over or respecting the territories situated outside the frontiers laid down in the present Treaty and the islands other than those over which her sovereignty is recognized by the said Treaty, the future of these territories and islands being settled or to be settled by the parties concerned.” This simply means that turkey surrenders the areas which were part of the former Ottoman Empire and its boundary is only limited by the areas defined by this treaty. Now according to the territorial clauses Turkey has to endorse the clauses of the Treaty of Peace and its supplementary Agreements determined by the Allied Powers, and to be aware of whatever dispositions may be made concerning the territories of the former German Empire and its allies, and to recognize the new States within their frontiers. Turkey would have no power or jurisdiction in political, legislative or administrative matters of any state outside the Turkish territory.
Section II of the Political Clauses deals with the nationality issues. According to the treaty if you reside in a state that has been detached from the Turkey will automatically gain the nationality of the new state. But the some articles of this treaty ensure that after a two year period the person could opt for a Turkish nationality. One of the articles stated that if you are in an area which has been detached from Turkey and are not of the same race as the majority you could acquire a nationality of a state where your race is in majority.
Section III contains articles with reference to the rights of the minorities. The Turkish Government will assure complete protection of life and liberty to all inhabitants of Turkey without distinction of birth, nationality, language, race or religion. The non-Muslims would enjoy the same rights as of the Muslims.
Part II – Financial Clauses
Section I of the financial clauses deals with the Ottoman Empire public debt. This section basically defines the basis on which the public debt would be distributed between the states involved in this treaty. According to this section a Council of the Ottoman Public debt would be formed within 3 months of the signing of this treaty to settle these issues. The detached states are required to submit an adequate amount security against the loan it is liable for. The Council of the League of Nations would have the power to collect the revenues assigned as security to international financial organizations.
Section II refers to the miscellaneous clauses. By the exercise of Legitimate Power has forced its Turkish counterparts to renounce the damages incurred during the period of 1st August 1914 to and the implementation of this treaty. Turkey also agrees not to claim repayment of the sums paid for the warships ordered in England by the Ottoman Government from the British government. The receivers of Turkish civil and military pensions, who have the nationality of a State other than Turkey, shall have no claim against the Turkish Government in respect of their pensions.
Part III – Economic Clauses
Section I of the Economic clauses addresses the Property, Rights and Interests of the various states. All property, rights and interests situated in territory detached from the Ottoman Empire under the present Treaty were under the control of the Allied parties’ legitimate authority over the said territory, which was restored to their legitimate owners, in their existing state. All disputes related to the identification or the restoration of property to which a claim is was submitted to the Mixed Arbitral Tribunal. It is stated in this section that it was the priority of the Allied parties to restore the ownership of the properties as in pre-war state. No tax, surcharge was to be collected from the Allied parties (High Agreement/High Trust) or their properties. Whereas in the case of territories detached from Turkey the Governments of the states had the Positional Authority to liquidate those properties within one year of the application of the treaty. The proceeds of insolvencies were to be paid to the Reparation Commission formed under this Treaty of Peace.
Section II addressed the Contracts, Prescriptions and Judgments. The clauses stated the legality of the contracts that had been carried out in the pre-war scenario. This section addressed the status of the following contracts: * Life Insurance * Marine Insurance * Fire and Other Insurances
Section III of the economic clauses addresses the issue of unsettled debts. The Allied Parties recognized that debts which were outstanding before the war or which became payable during the war and which remained unpaid due to the war, must be settled and paid, in accordance with the provisions of the contracts. Licenses for the use of industrial property, or for the reproduction of literary or artistic works, granted before the war to nationals of the Allied Powers or persons residing in their territories are deemed to be canceled in the state of the war.

Part IV – Communications and Sanitary Questions
Section I deals with the communication aspects of the treaty. As a result of this treaty Turkey was to accept the Freedom of Transit Law enforced by the conference of Barcelona as well as the regime for waterways of international interest, international railways by the same conference. The formation of new frontier railway stations between Turkey and the neighboring States shall be settled according to the treaty undertaken. The Travellers and materials flowing from or going towards Turkey for the Allied Partners were not to be subjected to any tax or to any formality of examination of passports or customs. According to the treaty Turkey was to renounce on behalf of her nationals all rights, titles or privileges over the whole or part of such communication channels that no longer land on her territory. Turkey will retain ownership of the property which it may already possess over those channels of which at least one of the end remains in its territory.
Section II addressed the sanitary questions. The Superior Council of Health of Constantinople stood abolished and the Turkish Administration was given the additional charge of the sanitary organization of the coastlines of Turkey. Turkey respected the right of the sanitary employees who lost their jobs to compensation out of the funds of the former Superior Council of Health.
Part V – Miscellaneous Provisions
Section I dealt with the prisoners of war. The Allied Parties agreed to banish the prisoners of war and captive civilians who are still in prison. The POW’s and detained civilians awaiting sentencing or undergoing trial for disciplinary offences were to be exiled irrespective of the completion of their sentence or of the proceedings being carried out against them.
Section II of the Miscellaneous Provisions dealt with the graves. The Allied Parties were to respect the cemeteries, grave and a memorial of soldiers and sailors as well as the POW’s who fell victim during the war times.
Section III dealt with some general provisions. Any agreement or order given by the Allied parties was to be deemed as final and was not to entertain any claims challenging their Authoritative Power. Archives, register and plans set forth before the war times were to be restored.