...Aristotle’s Model: The Play as a Whole In Aristotle’s Poetics, Aristotle emphasizes three major elements of a good play: plot, character, and thought. To be more specific, in an Aristotelian play, thought sets the cause of action with character as emotion developer based on plot as the basic form. Besides these three main factors, the idea that a play should be a complete whole is also the basis of the Poetics (Aristotle 61). Therefore, when comparing the choices Lobby Hero by Kenneth Lonergan and The Philadelphia Story by Philip Barry for the play of the season, unification and regularity of all three elements. After comparing and contrasting both plays, Lobby Hero fits the Aristotle’s model’s three elements, plot, character and thought better than The Philadelphia Story does because Lobby Hero has a more consistent development of action, characters’ personality and emotions. The imitation of one action is very essential to construct a complete plot. Lobby Hero constructs a smooth unity of action in all of its plots while The Philadelphia Story’s imitation is vague. Although both plays have connected actions that make the structural union of all parts, Lobby Hero has a more surrounded action which is the pursuit of right things. Jeff repeatedly shows his ambition of lending help. For example, he praises William’s kindness when William is baffled by his brother’s incident; he also emphasizes his importance as a “safety specialist” to make himself sound superior. These series...
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...Victim Typologies Primary Victimization: One person targeted: - consists of a situation with personalized or individual form of victimization whereby an individual or group selects a specific person to target for victimization. A typical victim of this could be a hate crime where a specific person is picked out for victimization on the basis of their race or skin color. Domestic abuse case is also an example where the husband or boyfriend targets his wife or girlfriend. Domestic violence typically occurs within the household involving spouses or former spouses or some people in a current relationship. This is even possible among blood relatives. Regarding hate crime, this could be directed at a person or even property, the motivation stemming from the offender’s bias towards the victim. Secondary Victimization: Impersonal Target – involves an impersonal target being victimized. This could consist of a business or corporation victimizing an individual. An example of this could be a customer using their credit card in a department store only to find out that their personal information was sold out to a third party. Also, a person could use their social security number in applying for a loan only to find out that such information was sold to a third part and the customer is now being harassed to pay a loan that they may not have received to begin with. Secondary victimization involves an indirect act stemming from an organization to the victim. Tertiary Victimization: Public...
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...Out of the fourteen million HIV-positive patients documented worldwide, in 1993, two and a half million were diagnosed as AIDS cases. These statistics are tangible evidence that explain society’s fear and concern about the looming epidemic in the 1980’s and 1990’s that caused various stigmas and fostered so much discrimination. Jonathan Demme’s 1993 film Philadelphia explores the moral and ethical issues manifested by AIDS and its relation to homosexuality. This drama suggests AIDS was viewed as a crime against the self and society as a whole. The film depicts people who believed punishment was the only viable resolution for the promiscuous conduct associated with AIDS. These symbols were also discussed in Susan Sontag’ s essay “AIDS and its Metaphors.” After viewing Philadelphia in class, I thought it would be interesting to read the script in order to analyze the director’s notes and commentary. In studying Demme’s intentions for the scenes, I was able to better understand the language and relationships between the actors. I found many intriguing pieces of dialogue I had originally missed; for instance, Joe Miller is often seen in the background advertising his law firm with the line, “if you or someone you know has been injured through the fault of others, you may be entitled to legal remedy.” Andrew’s laughter after watching Miller’s commercial in the hospital is an ironic reaction to a statement that questions guilt or innocence among the ill. Joe essentially says that...
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...disaster. In this case “Broken on All Sides” refers to the poor area of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and its prison system. Not only does it relay a message of the Philly area but also relates to our entire countries problem with crime and imprisonment. "Broken On All Sides is a compelling documentary addressing racial inequities within our criminal justice system and its devastating collateral consequences. It is an excellent resource to use in educating, motivating, and empowering your group, organization, or community on this critical issue." - James E. Williams, Jr. One of the major reasons the country struggles with crime and imprisonment is because it continually targets the same areas of cities and the same type of people. Those who live in poor ghettos around the country including Philadelphia are targeted every day for crimes they commit. They feel as if they are targeted daily for crimes and cant get away from the police because of the way they live and where they live. The people in the ghettos are frustrated and feel as if they have no help from the law; the law is just against them. Instead of the law looking out for crime in the ghetto or becoming community helpers to build up trust and friendships they are just attacking them and putting more people in jail. The ghettos are discriminated against and brutally taken upon. They are trapped in a society that cannot change. The rate of crime in the U.S. is for every 100,000 people 743 people are incarcerated, researchers...
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...of Philadelphia has one of the most racially segregated school systems in the United States with the largest performance gap between black and white students nationwide. “Philadelphia’s black population, and particularly its affluent black population, lives in much poorer neighborhoods than comparable whites because they are so highly segregated by race” (Denvir). The average black elementary school student in Philadelphia is reading at the 21st percentile, while his white counterpart is reading at much higher 66th percentile. The disparity experienced within the public education of Philadelphia children is caused by rampant segregation within the school system itself. Through my own experience, as well as the writings of the renowned psychologist Franz Fanon and philosopher Paulo Freire, I have found that the solution to the public education problem begins with a narrowing of the gaps between the haves and the have-nots. The Citypaper article written by Daniel Denvir unearthed a number of unbelievable disparities between the black and white students within the Philadelphia education system. Studies indicate that “Philadelphia blacks are exposed to poverty at a rate nearly three times higher than whites. The average black person in the Philly area lives in a neighborhood with a 24.8% poverty rate, compared to just 8.4% for whites. Chicago, Cleveland, St. Louis and Detroit follow close behind” (Denvir). The location within the greater Philadelphia area is the cause for...
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...Legalizing Marijuana makes Pennsylvanians Rich Introduction Growing up on the gritty streets of West Philadelphia I was exposed to many drugs. From an early age I can remember seeing guys hang out on the corner. It wasn’t until I became a preteen that I realized that these young men weren’t just “hanging out”. They were actually hustling and making drug transactions. In high school I was offered my joint. Scared of my parents finding out and remembering the negative effects of drugs that I learned about in school forced me to decline. Many of my peers were not as strong and fell into peer pressure. The smell of marijuana on the way to school became a familiar scent. As I got older and began to explore the City of Brotherly Love I learned that Philly is drug infested. I’ve met a lot of good people who have fallen into addiction. Their drug usage impedes their everyday life. I have a friend who I went to high school with. My friend was a top athlete and scholar. After a terrible car accident he developed an addiction to prescription pain killers. He ran from doctor to doctor trying to keep his fix alive. The process lingered on for a couple years, One day I asked him why he didn’t get help or try to stop. His main argument was that he wasn’t doing anything illegal like crack or heroine, so he didn’t think he had a problem. His argument got me thinking about the government and how they dictate what medications are okay and not okay for people...
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...During the eighteenth century, England was a crime-ridden country with half of the population impoverished. Workers in England worked long hours without any holidays, except Christmas, Easter, and hanging days, where they see criminals being executed (Smith, 1999, p. 23). Life as a indentured servant in the Americas was better than living in England with crime and hard work, as those who emigrated from England served as indentured servants for a period of time, and once their service is up, their master provided their servants with clothes and money to “make a proper start in life” (Smith, 1999, pg. 24). Even convicted felons on royal pardon in the Americas have better lives than those who stayed in England, as they are sent over to replace deceased colonists (Smith, 1999, pg. 26). However, the journey to the Americas was more arduous (Smith, 1999, pg. 27). They were ill-prepared for the journey, encountering sea-sickness, bad food, and poor...
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...Purpose and history For all the crimes the colonists committed, there were plenty of punishments to choose from. Most of the punishments were public, where heavy use of shame and shaming was included. Through the method of shaming, the criminal justice system meant more to teach a lesson than simply punish the offender. The “criminal” was almost always male. However, punishment for such crimes as witchcraft, infanticide, and adultery fell heavily on the women. In addition, much of the blame and punishment for crimes was attributed to those in the lowest rank in society. Whipping was the most commonly used form of punishment, especially in the south with slaves. Other frequently used punishments included branding, cutting off ears, and placing people in the pillory. These punishments were sometimes harsher, depending on the crimes committed. In the American colonies, executions were less common than in England. However, when such a method was used, it was most often a public hanging. Usually capital offenses, such as murder or rape, or repeated serious offenses constituted a need for an execution. Imprisonment was uncommon in colonial America since the budding colonies did not have people to spare to keep the community in order. Every person was valuable for their working ability, and losing even one worker to law keeping was neither reasonable nor an efficient use of resources. In addition, colonial communities rarely had enough extra money to build a prison and feed prisoners...
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...the higher incarceration rates for black men to tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine than for other drugs; harsh new sentencing laws; the prison construction boom; and poverty, lack of good jobs and poor education in inner cities. We will address how tougher punishments have resulted in worse treatment for minorities in the criminal justice system. The tougher punishment for the use of crack cocaine, which is prevalent in minority neighborhoods, and the harsh new sentencing laws are a result of a new, stringent brand of law enforcement in which officers are trying to arrest as many people as possible. Unfortunately, as a result of this new brand of law enforcement, minorities, who are disproportionately thought to be suspects of crime (see "The Rise of Local News and...
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...“Em Up?” Goals: Incapacitation: Physically prevent offenders from committing additional crimes against society. Retribution: (just Deserts). Offenders need to pay for their crimes. Deterrence: You understand this from the previous chapter. Rehabilitation: The ‘forgotten’ goal. Restitution: The offender “compensate” the victim, victim’s family of community for the crime. It can be community service or money for property crimes. In the case of murder and violent offense it can be apologizes and/or convincing remorse for their crimes. They help the victim forgiveness is healthier than anger. This is often referred to as Restorative Justice. Types of Incarceration Jails (city and county level): They confine those awaiting trail and those serving ‘short’ sentences. Depending on the state sentences can range from a maximum of one year (NY and NJ) to five years (PA). Approximately 50% of those in jail are bail eligible (they simply cannot afford – you only need to post 10%). Generally conditions in jails are much worse than prison. They tend to be Under-funded, under-staffed, people coming and going, high staff turnover, people coming off the street with drug/alcohol/mental conditions, and far fewer activities. Prisons: State custody, more serious offenders with longer sentences. Prison have far more resources than jails. The Incarceration Binge Causes 1, Three Strikes/Mandatory Minimums: A Classic Bait and Switch These and Mandatory minimums...
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...Strategies and Crime Prevention October 21, 2014 Policing and the Fear of Crime Summary This article titled Policing, and the Fear of Crime, was mainly about the relationship between fear and crime and how it affected those who have been victims of crime. The article started off by giving examples of a nurse that was raped, a black family whose home was vandalized, and a teenager from the ghetto that is shot to death. The authors stated in the article that society would focus more on what the victims and their material losses rather than the victims fear and worry about repeated victimization. In certain cases this is true. When someone is robbed and you hear about it on the news most people specifically wait to hear what was stolen rather than how safe the victim feels after the attack. Fear can be a bad thing. Fear can prevent people from going about their daily lives and living and fear can make or break people. Fear is not always a bad thing though. In this article, several there were examples of fear making victims rethink their daily routines and activities and to take extra pre-cautions to be safer. This in turn makes it harder for offenders to find and prey on victims. This type of action is called target hardening. According to the article, society does not systematically collect data. The data on fear that is collected is generally very old. The biggest survey to cover the United States was done in 1980. A report called “The Figgie Report on The Fear of Crime” was released...
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...The Mysterious Mr. Poe ” All that we see or seem, Is but a dream within a dream” (http://quotations.about.com/cs/morepeople/a/bls_edgar_allen.htm), this quote is one of many Poe’s famous sayings. He was known as the inventor of the modern detective story and innovator of the science fiction genre. Although, many people know him because of his tales of horror as well as his haunting lyric poetry there is a whole other side to him other than a morbid, mysterious creature lurking in the shadows of moonlit cemeteries. His childhood was very tragic and his adult life full of sorrow. This death though, was something to for everyone to think about. Poe, I believe is one of the most unique characters in the literary world. Edgar Poe (his original name), was born on January 19, 1809 in Boston. Within three years of his birth, both of Poe’s parents had died. His two siblings, Henry and Rosalie, moved away to live with other families. Poe, however, went to live with a wealthy tobacco merchant, Mr. John Allan, (hence, acquiring the middle name Allan). Poe had always dreamed since his childhood to be a writer, but, Mr. Allan wanted him to be a businessman and a Virginia gentleman. Because of Poe’s immense interest in poetry, by the time he was thirteen, he had acquired enough poetry to make a book. In 1826, Poe left for the University of Virginia. While excelling in his classes he had also accumulated a considerable amount of debt. Because of Poe’s debt, he had taken up to gambling to...
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...FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | H.H HOLMES | AMERICAS FIRST SERIAL KILLER | | Kevin Hutter | 10/20/2011 | H.H HOLMES, THE FIRST AMERICAN SERIAL KILLER, IN THE FOLLOW RESEARCH PAPER WE WILL BE LOOKING AT PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HIS CRIMES TROUGH HIS EARLY CHILDHOOD TILL HIS EXECUTION IN THE LATE 1800’S | Herman Webster Mudgett, better known under the alias of Dr. Henry Howard Holmes, was one of the first documented American serial killers in the modern sense of the term. Mudgett was born in Gilmanton, New Hampshire [4] to Levi Horton Mudgett and Theodore Page Price, both of whom were descended from the first non-native settlers in the area. According to the 2007 Most Evil profile on Holmes, his father was a violent alcoholic, and his mother was a devout Methodist who read the Bible to Herman. He claimed that, as a child, schoolmates forced him to view and touch a human skeleton after discovering his fear of the local doctor. The bullies initially brought him there to scare him, but instead he was utterly fascinated, and he soon became obsessed with death. Born to an affluent family, Holmes had a privileged childhood. It has been said that he appeared to be unusually intelligent at an early age. Still there were haunting signs of what was to come. He expressed an interest in medicine, which reportedly led him to practice surgery on animals. Some accounts indicate that he may have been responsible for the death of a friend. [2] Holmes also talked about his childhood...
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...Crimes Theory Ontavia Johnson Strayer University Information Technology in Crime 170 Dr. Wesley E. Phillips, Jr. Crime Theory There are many digital crimes that are produced through the life of technology. Differential Association Theory is well known to be the cause of digital crime. This theory originated in the Chicago School of Criminological Theories, which embraces the sociological approach, that criminologist use to analyzing criminality. Differential Association Theory was introduced by Edwin Sutherland in 1947. He was one of the first to take an interest in the classical individualist theories of criminal behavior and concluded the Differential Association Theory. The Differential Association Theory is recognize the most relevant terms of digitals crimes, and well as can be used to clarify non-digital crimes using motivation, rationalization, and attitudes necessary for the crime. Testing several criminological theories, including strain theory, techniques of neutralization, social learning theory, and self-control theory, Morris and Higgins found that differential association was the most pronounced theoretical predictor in self-reported piracy (Morris, R. G., & Higgins, G. E. 2009). Normative conflict at the individual level is translated into individual acts of delinquency through differential association learned through communication usually in intimate groups (Sutherland, 1947). In further arguments peer pressure and peer attitudes are an influence...
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... Each year in the United States a large amount of resources is spent policing, prosecuting and jailing people for marijuana offenses. In 2010 New York City spent approximately $75 million for the arrest and prosecution of people for small amounts of marijuana (Levine, Siegal, 2011). That is money that could be spent elsewhere on programs that really needed it. The $75 million dollars could have easily been spent to help with the cities homeless problem, or be spent to strengthen the cities schools. Statistics show that from 2009 to 2010 the rate of murder, rape, assault and robbery went up in New York City (city-data, 2014). The man hours used catching and arresting people for marijuana could have been used to help prevent some of these crimes. Jeffrey Miron a economics professor at Harvard University says ‘legalizing marijuana would save $7.7 billion per year in government expenditure on enforcement of prohibition’(2006). With governments at a local, state and federal level operating in a huge deficit each year the money saved from legalizing marijuana would surely help the budgets. With rising medicaid cost and the large amount of money spent on protecting...
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