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Cervical Cancer Screening

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RUNNING HEAD: CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING IN PRIMARY CARE

Protocol Paper Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Care

Fall, 2008

ABSTRACT

In the 1970s cervical cancer was the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States. However, in the past 40 years, the number of cases of cervical cancer and the number of deaths from cervical cancer have declined radically. This decrease is largely the result of many women getting regular Pap tests (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004). Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections can lead to cervical cancer. Since HPV and precancerous lesions of the cervix are usually asymptomatic, prevention and regular screening remains imperative for early detection and treatment of cervical cancer. Here we examine strategies for prevention, assessment, and management for cervical cancer and contemplate briefly potential implications if left undiagnosed or untreated.

Cervical Cancer Screening in Primary Care
Introduction

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major health concern in the United States. Genital HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in America. There are more than 100 different types of HPV infections. Of these, 40 affect mucosal surfaces and more specifically anogenital epithelium including: Cervix, vagina, vulva, rectum, urethra, penis, and anus. The different strands of the HPV infections are divided into “high-risk” and “low-risk,” depending on their oncogenic potential (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2008). HPV infection is the major cause of genital warts and cervical cancer (CDC, 2008). Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among woman (United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 2006). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2008), estimates that in the

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