...proven remarkably accurate. Fluorescent lightening has been around since the 1930s, GE physicist Ed Hammer was the first, in 197, to figure out how to twirl that long gas-filled tube so it would screw into a standard socket. The GE CFL produced as much light as an incandescent, while drawing just 20 percent as much electricity. In 1980, Philips became the first company to market a CFL, with a design based on a series of bends rather than GE’s spiral. But problems of dimming, flicker, and light colour remained. And manufacturer claims of bulb lifetime and quality were wildly exaggerated. Consumers didn’t understand that CFLs burn out rapidly when they’re not allowed to rest at least 15 minutes between being cycled off and on. Though industry claims that some of the problems resulted from an early influx of cheap imported bulbs are true- as in the fact that CFLs have improved- many issues remain. No-name commodity bulbs still perform poorly, and even the big brands continue to poison the well by selling for example, CFL floodlights, which often wind up in outdoor motion-sensor systems. This is an absolutely inappropriate use, given how fast the bulbs expire when they have to flick on and off so quickly. The final blow came when consumers learned the CFLs contain mercury, enough that the Environmental Protection Agency’s cleanup...
Words: 714 - Pages: 3
...Effective) Energy Efficient Lighting |May 24 | | |2013 | |An analysis on the different aspects of LEDs, CFLs and incandescent lamps. |Ronald Meeske 12100979 | Table of Contents Contents Introduction 2 Lamps (Light bulbs) 2 Potential Savings Using High Efficacy Lamps 3 Incandescent Lamps (Worst Case) 3 LED lamps (Worst Case) 3 CFL lamps (Worst Case) 3 Cost implications of installing energy saving lamps 5 CFLs vs. LEDs 6 Implementing Sustainable Energy Efficient Lighting in South Africa 9 LED Initial Price 9 Awareness 9 Subsidisation 9 Light Consumption 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Table 1: Comparison of LEDs, Incandescent Light Bulbs and CFLs. 2 Table 2: Potential Savings using worst cases of: LEDs, CFLs and Incandescent lamps. 4 Table 3: Lamp cost details. 5 Table 4: Differences between CFLs and LEDs [15] 6 Figure 1: CO2 per kg saved for CFL lamps in comparison with incandescent lamps 7 Figure 2: CO2 per kg saved for LED lamps in comparison with incandescent lamps 8 Introduction Visible light is electromagnetic radiation that is perceived by the naked human eye, and is the core element of the sense of sight...
Words: 2827 - Pages: 12
...advice on keeping costs down and information on grants and discounts Grants and discounts energy-saving light bulb brands buying bulbs fRee InsuLaTIOn Get free or discounted loft and cavity-wall insulation from suppliers including British Gas, Eon, Npower and Sainsbury’s Energy. Most people are entitled to some help, with the over-70s, low-income households and those on certain benefits getting the best deals – but you need to act now as these offers are set to expire by the end of 2012. Some companies only offer deals to their customers, while others are open to all. For more information go to www.which.co.uk/insulate. OsRaM Tested 14 WInTeR fueL PayMenT Winter comforts Best Buys and advice to save money and keep your home warm O sc Re ty www.which.co.uk ili 28 Which? November 2012 800 LuMens and abOve 1 Ikea Sparsam 15W 301.494.53 £10 15 820 cFL 3 2.10 28 HHHH OsRaM Duluxstar 21W £3 21 650 cFL 3 1.84 0 HHHH HHHH 3 OsRaM Dulux Superstar 30W £11 30 2,000 cFL 4.19 49 £4 £6 20 1,200 cFL 20 1,160 cFL 2.73 2.79 68 60 HHHHH HHHH HHHH HHHH HHHH HHH LuMens and WaTTs Lumens (lm) indicate how bright the bulb is, and watts tell you how much power it uses. An old 40W incandescent bulb would produce approximately 200-500lm, and a 100W incandescent somewhere between 900-1,300lm. HHHHH HHHHH 78% 2 4 Ikea Sparsam 20W 201...
Words: 3192 - Pages: 13
...Adding insulation to your walls and attic, and installing weather stripping or caulking around doors and windows can lower your heating costs more than 25 percent, by reducing the amount of energy you need to heat and cool your home. Turn down the heat while you're sleeping at night or away during the day, and keep temperatures moderate at all times. Setting your thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year. 3. Change a Light Bulb Wherever practical, replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Replacing just one 60-watt incandescent light bulb with a CFL will save you $30 over the life of the bulb. CFLs also last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, use two-thirds less energy, and give off 70 percent less heat. If every U.S. family replaced one regular light bulb with a CFL, it would eliminate 90 billion pounds of greenhouse gases, the same as taking 7.5 million cars off the road. 4....
Words: 854 - Pages: 4
...I. Global Warming is the single biggest environmental crisis of our time. The earth’s atmosphere is overloaded with heat. Trapping carbon dioxide which threatens the climate with disastrous consequences. II. The earth is warming, and human activity is the primary cause. III. Climate disruption puts our food, water supply, our health and our basic human needs at risk. IV. Some impacts of global warming are record high temp. In months that should be cooler, and the seasons are change more quickly then they should. Which causes glacier melting’s, severe flooding and droughts in the United States and around the country. I. This current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythm of our climate that all living have come to rely on today. A. When I did my audience analysis I asked if you knew what global warming was and if you thought it was a problem. Everyone knew about global warming or a list if had something today with our world changing. B. But what most people don’t know is that global warming or is one of the most serious public health threats in our nation. This health concern affects the most vulnerable which is our children, the elderly, and communities in poverty. II. Global warming is not just a health problem but much more. It affects our climate and our natural resources. A. One of the first things scientist has learned is that greenhouse gases are responsible for climate warming. Like co2 a. Humans emit them in many ways; most...
Words: 900 - Pages: 4
...Name: Julian Burroughs Grade: 12 Subject: Biology Topic: Global Warming Intro: Define Global Warming Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations. What Causes the Greenhouse Effect? Life on earth depends on energy from the sun. About 30 percent of the sunlight that beams toward Earth is deflected by the outer atmosphere and scattered back into space. The rest reaches the planet's surface and is reflected upward again as a type of slow-moving energy called infrared radiation.The heat caused by infrared radiation is absorbed by "greenhouse gases" such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane, which slows its escape from the atmosphere.Although greenhouse gases make up only about 1 percent of the Earth's atmosphere, they regulate our climate by trapping heat and holding it in a kind of warm-air blanket that surrounds the planet.This phenomenon is what scientists...
Words: 1989 - Pages: 8
...be as good, and First off, college is a league that people like to watch because it's entertaining and the teams are actually good because the players are all playing for the same thing, the NFL. Without a rule all the good players will try and take a shot at the NFL.Nation, Kevin Seifert NFL. "Dan LeFevour, Everett Golson and Vernon Adams Jr. among Most Recognizable CFL Players for U.S. Fans.". This will cause all the players with talent to go. It would almost be like it's not even worth having the league, the players could just go to the CFL(Canadian Football League) because it would all be the same talent which I will get to later. Secondly, NFL players won’t be as good. This is because people will think that they are ready but really they need more experience. Wolfe, Cameron. "Should the NFL's 3-year Rule for College Football Players Be Reduced?" stats they won’t be as good because players who could be good if they have more experience think that they're ready but end up being busts. Finally people will join the NFL but they're will be so many that people will be backups when they should be starter over a horrible player. Finally, players need to be in college for longer to know what's coming. John Walter , the author of “leonard Fournette is proof NFL’s Three Year Rule Is Un-American”, says that the three year rule is to protect them from themselves from trying to join without experience. They are saying that they have this rule because they don’t want them to be hurting...
Words: 677 - Pages: 3
...Capstone, Assignment 4 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX BUS 499 Capstone XXXXXXXXXXXX. Company Background Mergers and acquisitions are as old as business itself. In 2014 mergers and acquisitions are happening at an alarming rate. In May, 2014, Apple announced it would acquire Beats Electronics for $3 billion dollars. Apple is an international corporation co-founded by the late pioneer Steve Jobs. Apple’s current CEO is Tim Cook. He has previously worked for its competitors, Compaq and IBM. Apple has insisted on improving the way their suppliers treat their employees around the globe. The company recently posted the following to their website: We’ve strengthened our programs to help suppliers protect student interns and other at-risk workers. We’re continuing our efforts to end excessive work hours. In 2013, our suppliers achieved an average of 95 percent compliance with our maximum 60-hour workweek. We’re driving responsible sourcing of minerals, and we’ve publicly released a list of smelters and refiners in our supply chain to promote transparency (Corporate Responsibility, 2014). The Beats Electronics acquisition brings an electronic company that specializes in headphones and speaker technology. Beats Audio is the technology behind the brand. The brains behind the brain of Beats is Jimmy Iovine and Andre Young, AKA Dr. Dre. The acquisition may prove to be a natural transition for the company. Beats Electronics have had their products included automobiles and computers...
Words: 1758 - Pages: 8
...Social Marketing Behavior A Practical Resource for Social Change Professionals William A. Smith and John Strand AED We believe in the power of social marketing to change behavior. Indeed, we began helping mothers to re-hydrate their children in 1978. The positive effects were remarkable, and we haven’t looked back since. For HIV victims, we fought stigma, delivering behavior change that combined treatment and prevention. For civil society advocates, we’re exploring the power of technology to build networks, and the subsequent power of networks to change the behavior of systems. Every day we partner with communities across the U.S. and throughout the world. Our work requires more than slick marketing materials and catchy slogans. Our results are a reflection of an unwavering commitment to the principles and philosophy of social marketing which we share here with you… ii Table of Contents About This Book Overview The Single Most Important Thing 1 2 3 The Basics Social Marketing Thinking Like a Marketer 1. Know exactly who your audience is and look at everything from that group’s point of view. 2. Your bottom line: When all is said and done, the audience’s action is what counts. 3. Make it easy-to-irresistible for your audience to act. 4. Use the four Ps of marketing. 5. Base decisions on evidence and keep checking in. The BEHAVE Framework Working Toward a Strategy Determining the Kind of Change Problem You Face 5 6 9 9 10 ...
Words: 23464 - Pages: 94
...research are described in details. 3.1. Research Design This study is carried out with a one group pre-test and post-test design. In this experimental research, the implementation of discovery-learning through IGI (independent variable) will be monitored, and acquisition about English tenses and learners’ motivation (dependent variables) will be measured. The grammar points in this research are English tenses. A pre-test and a post-test are designed to be the same. An anonymous questionnaire on motivation is delivered after the treatment instruction. 3.2. Subjects and Program Description The researcher, who is also the teacher, carries out the study in six classes in Course 28 and Course 29 at CFL in 2006. The experimental course, Level-Seven Grammar Course, is the first of three courses for Level C (low-advanced-English level). The grammar course is offered to the students for three 45-minute periods on each occasion during nine weeks. The students are randomly chosen and can be the representatives for the research. The total number of the students was 227, but the authentic number of participants for the present study was 133 because some students did not satisfy the conditions of data analysis (see part 3.4 of this...
Words: 3256 - Pages: 14
...from 2012, according to The NPD Group’s Retail Tracking Service. Overall, the stereo headphone market increased 11 percent to $2.3 billion in 2013. * Experiential marketing Bose has begun using experiential marketing by cutting out the middle man and creating their own bose stores to let customers experience their brand. Currently there are 9 stores across Canada in main cities such as Ottawa, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver * Perceived as High quality product Deliver a quality product that is also affordable when compared to the competitors. Through consistent messaging Bose has achieved a quality perception which justified their higher costs. * Brand recognition [3] With their current NFL sponsorships Bose has been in the news frequently. And According to the 2006 Global Automotive Component Branding Study by J.D. Power and Associates, which is based on an Internet survey of 17,651 consumers, Bose has the strongest brand power not only in the United States and Japan, but worldwide. Brand strength is measured by assessing consumers' top-of-mind awareness, brand name/logo recognition and favorability (impression). * Brand loyalty Goes along with their recognition, and on most online websites there are only positive reviews and people urging to try the technology. Weakness * Beats has higher market share[4] Indeed, according to the NPD Group, a marketing research company, Beats controls 27% of the...
Words: 662 - Pages: 3
...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the study Living in this modern society, technology is very much involved. Every person is recognized with the device or gadget, he carries; that is the result of a technologically inclined society. Eventually, living without technology is like a soldier without gun; that is how people are so much dependent with technology today. Nowadays, some customers such as hospitals, manufacturing, industries, commercial establishments, schools, buildings and homes are dependent on electrical devices and equipment. These devices are controlled by modern technology for their operations, controls and processes. This includes remote sensing, SCADA, HMI, micro controller sensors and PLC. They are used for automatic control of lights and switches, and for remotely controlled operation of equipment or machine. These modern technologies save time, costs, and labor. The researcher conceptualized this study about the modern technology using HMI in the school specifically the laboratory room. Laboratory should be conducive to learning so that students are encouraged to study. It is a room where the students have the basic knowledge in theoretical aspects before they ought to gain knowledge outside. So, the study is focus on the development of a modernized laboratory equipped with automatic controls. Before laboratory is just a room with equipment, many lights, and switches. They are using manual switching of the facilities inside a laboratory room which is done...
Words: 15414 - Pages: 62
...Sampa Video, Inc. • A small video chain is deciding whether to engage in a new line of delivery business and is conducting an economic analysis of the valuation impacts of this decision. • This is a case basically regarding how to measure the benefits of financial leverage via different valuation approaches. Firm valuation (discount cash flow) and cost of capital • When you use the after-tax cost of capital to be the discount rate, you basically take in the effect of the financing. • If you discount the project cash flows (without financing) by the after-tax cost of capital, you will get the exact net present value as you use it to discount the total cash flows (project cash flows plus the financing cash flows). • That is, when you use the after-tax cost of capital to discount financing related cash flows, the net present value would be zero. ） （t=0） Initial invest. (total cost) Inc. rev. Inc. cost Deprec. OP CF NOP CF Project CF Financing Interest (AT) Repay. Fin. Rel. CF Total CF 8,000,000 0 (8,000,000) 8,000,000 (8,000,000) ） （t=1） ） （t=2） ） （t=3） ） （t=4） 6,000,000 (2,000,000) 2,000,000 3,500,000 6,000,000 (2,000,000) 2,000,000 3,500,000 6,000,000 (2,000,000) 2,000,000 3,500,000 6,000,000 (2,000,000) 2,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 3,500,000 6,500,000 (360,000) (360,000) (360,000) (360,000) (8,000,000) (360,000) 3,140,000 (360,000) 3,140,000 (360,000) 3,140,000 (8,360,000) (1,860,000) ...
Words: 1727 - Pages: 7
...Internship Report Submitted By: Poulami Dey MBA/June-July/2010 Semester 4th Roll no.: 50 Enrolment No: EIILMU/09/ F0741 Project A PROJECT REPORT ON CURRENT MARKET SENARIO AND FUTUREPROSPECT FOR SOLAR LAMPS AND LED PRODUCTS AT BAJAJ ELECTRICALS LTD Company ACKNOWLADGEMENT My summer internship or training with Bajaj Electricals Ltd is a life time experience that I will cherish throughout my carrier .This project has provided a great opportunity to experience the excellent and modern work culture and work process of Bajaj Electrical Ltd. I wish to thank my respective project guide at the organisation Mr. Kalyan Bhattacharya. His guidance was extremely useful throughout my project work in giving me the detailed understanding of the entire product portfolio and the overall industry overview. I would also wish to thank all the distributers and group of dealers who shared their extremely important time to equip me with the important and valuable organizational insights and helping me to prepare the project. Along with the corresponding people at the organisation, I am sincerely thankful to our internal guide Prof, Anirban Dutta, who has helped me with the adequate academic insight whenever it was required. I wish to give my warm regards to all the persons involved in the timely completion of my project, directly or indirectly. I would like...
Words: 8494 - Pages: 34
...Mohit Malik (211076) Nitish Dhaiya (211085) Nitish Singhal (211087) Pooja Gupta (211094) Priyanshu Aggarwal (211103) Rishi Kad (211112) INTRODUCTION Havells India Limited is a $1.3 Billion leading Fast Moving Electrical Goods (FMEG) Company and a major power distribution equipment manufacturer with a strong global footprint. Havells enjo ys enviable market dominance across a wide spectrum of products, including Industrial & Domestic Circuit Protection Devices, Cables & Wires, Motors, Fans, Modular Switches, Home Appliances, Electric Water Heaters,Power Capacitors, CFL Lamps, Luminaires for Domestic, Commercial and industrialApplications. Havells India Ltd. was founded in 1958 by Qimat Rai and since then it is powering the smiles of people like none other electrical brand in the country. Its global network constitutes of 7000 professionals across 91 branches & representative offices in over 50 countries. Its fourteen state-ofthe-art manufacturing plants in India located at Haridwar, Baddi, Noida, Sahibabad, Faridabad, Alwar, Neemrana and seven world class manufacturing plants located in Europe, Latin America & Africa are manufacturing globally acclaimed products, synonymous with excellence and precision in theelectricalindustry. Today, Havells owns some of the most prestigious global brands like Havells, Crabtree, Sylvania, Concord, Luminance and Standard.Today, Havells alongwith its brands, have earned the distinction of being the preferred choice of electrical...
Words: 5546 - Pages: 23
