...ON RESEARCH PROPOSAL “Competitiveness, Challenges and Prospects of SMEs in Bangladesh for Internationalization” Course no: BA-412 Course name:Business Research Methodology Submitted to: Eijaz Ahmed Khan Assistant Professor Business Administration Discipline. Submitted by: Pioneer II Group Members Mahmudul Hasan Siddiqui ID # 040308 Tasmin Islam ID # 040316 Zahir Abdullah ID # 040320 Salma Begam ID # 040328 Mohammad Ali ID # 040342 4th Year, 2nd Term Business Administration Discipline Khulna University, Khulna. Date of Submission: 13 July, 2008 “Competitiveness, Challenges and Prospects of SMEs in Bangladesh for Internationalization” 1. Introduction: The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in the east have started refocusing their attention on SMEs to enhance their role in bringing about structural changes in their economies. For Bangladesh SMEs have assumed special significance for poverty reduction programs and potential contribution to the overall industrial and economic growth through SMEs internationalization process. This research uses some studies to identify some competitiveness, challenges and prospects of SMEs in Bangladesh for Internationalization as well as some constraints that have been hampering SME growth and to provide some pointers for the future. In Bangladesh this SME sector is contributing more than 25% of the total GDP. So the economic escalation and poverty alleviation of this country becomes the...
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...This research paper will focus on how the World Bank has helped many third world counties to transition into developing nations. The mission of the World Bank is total elimination of poverty from the face of the earth by the year 2030 (www.worldbank.org). The World Bank has been helping many developing countries to fight against diseases such as AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria in many parts of the world (Clark, 2011). The World Bank is offering financial help for several programs to help with agriculture, transportation, infrastructure, and irrigation in many South Asian countries to reduce poverty. There has been so much controversy about the activities of the World Bank. Even though the main mission of the World Bank is to alleviate poverty from the face of the earth, there has been severe criticism that the World Bank is changing its focus to financial policy reforms and structural adjustments. The World Bank as an international financial institution has done so much to help numerous developing countries when they are in financial crisis or needed help to undertake a major development project. Regardless of the criticism and corruption accusations, this author believes that the World Bank is in the right direction by providing basic reforms and structural adjustments in order to alleviate poverty. If the World Bank just donated billions of dollars to a developing country without any concrete objective, that money might be used for gaining political advantages. For this research...
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...of great strategic opportunity which should be pursued vigourously. From an international perspective, peace and development remain the central themes of our era, and China is working to achieve this peaceful environment for development. From a domestic perspective, 25 years of economic reform and opening up have laid a solid basis for development, and China has achieved favourable conditions to accelerate development. However, opportunities are always accompanied by challenges. A key challenge for China is to adopt new thinking and ideas for development and make a new breakthrough in reform, so as to tightly grasp and make a full use of this opportunity to further promote its modernization drive. I. CHINA’S DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND ISSUES China has experienced rapid economic growth since the late 1970s when economic reform and opening policies was initiated. From 1978 to 2004, China’s GDP grew by a yearly average of 9.5 per cent, the highest levels of GDP growth in the world. China has successfully maintained its sustained and rapid economic growth in recent years by improving and strengthening macro-control policies. Confronted with the external shocks of the Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 and the global economic slowdown in 2001–2002, China adopted proactive fiscal policies, a prudent monetary policy as well as restructuring measures to keep rapid economic growth in line with expanding domestic demands. In 2003, China overcame the serious 1 The opinions expressed in...
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...DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY guidance on the application of community development approaches to different aspects of anti-poverty and social inclusion work €10 Siobhán Lynam Bridgewater Centre, Conyngham Road, Islandbridge, Dublin 8 Tel: 01 670 6746 Fax: 01 670 6760 Email: info@combatpoverty.ie Website: www.combatpoverty.ie COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC POLICY Siobhán Lynam Community Development and Public Policy 1 © 2006 ISBN: 1-905485-11-5 While every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this book is accurate, no legal responsibility is accepted by the author or Combat Poverty for any errors or omissions. The views expressed in this publication are the author’s own and not necessarily those of Combat Poverty Agency. 2 Community Development and Public Policy CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface 4 5 Introduction Background to the publication Structure of the publication 6 6 Section 1: Defining public policy 1.1 What is public policy? 1.2 How is policy made? 1.3 The public policy cycle 1.4 Example of a community organisation’s impact on policy 7 7 8 13 16 Section 2: A community-development approach to policy making 2.1 Giving voice to excluded groups 2.2 Characteristics of a community-development approach 2.3 Value of adopting a community-development approach 18 18 19 21 Section 3: Influencing public policy making 3.1 Develop a policy agenda 3.2 Make it an integral...
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...WTO Forum OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR VIETNAM IN WTO ACCESSION Prof. Dr. Do Hoai Nam Director, National Center for Social Science & Humanity It is imperative to explain the opportunities and challenges faced by Vietnam in its WTO accession. In principle, opportunities and challenges in integration for Vietnam now are affected by two major factors. The first is the complex and fast changing international context. The second is Vietnam's specific issues in its own development. To come up with an appropriate approach, the study on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam in WTO accession should clarify these factors. 1. New international context, opportunities and challenges in development for Vietnam In recent period, the world situation changed rapidly and profoundly as never before. The impact of globalization and the knowledge-based economy forces developing countries to join the world economy system, and the situation for them is much more difficult than before. In general, the level of development in the modern world is measured by the following indicators: First, high speed of change and the faster pace of shortening in the production and technology cycle. Second, the global network structure and the complex nexus of the world economy. Third, conditions for economic development become unstable and unpredictable. Fourth, the balance of power is profoundly changing and driving the world economy, with power concentrating in a few nations and transnational corporations...
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...CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESH CAN REAP ADAPT ITSELF TO REAP THE BEST BENEFITS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Lt Colonel Sharif Md Abul Hussain Dir Planning and Development, Bangladesh University of Professionals, E-mail: hussain2682@gmail.com ABSTRACT The study investigates specific information regarding the challenges of globalization faced by Bangladesh and how it should prepare itself to coup with the challenges. The result suggest that Bangladesh is not in comfort in coping with the winds of globalization, as it has less access to and use of different opportunities living at the margin in the hierarchies of global order with low technological base, poor infrastructures and governance in most arenas. The study also suggest that Bangladesh needs to be engaged with all its development partners in a healthy and constructive process of interaction on stabilization, reform programme and other critical issues like national capacity building, competitiveness, political stability, cross border terrorism, arms and drug trafficking, climate change and environmental degradation. The policy implication is that various economic policy orientation and utilization of resources should be as such that they can supplement economic growth in a sustainable manner and create avenues for employment. KEY WORDS: Benefit, Environment, Globalization, Governance, Infrastructure, Poverty, Population, Policy, Political stability, Resource 1.0 INTRODUCTION Globalization is a process of expanding trade...
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...While the impact of globalisation maybe hotly contested, with its proponents claiming extraordinary benefits for mankind and its opponents stressing disproportionate benefits for the rich, and marginalisation and disempowerment of the poor, for countries such as Bangladesh with low income, smaller capacities and even lesser bargaining turf, globalisation has thrown up a host of challenges with great rapidity. And yet we continually strive to integrate into a globalised world whilst balancing our national agenda of democracy, development and trade. While speaking on Bangladesh, since coming here as Bangladesh’s High Commissioner I have come to realize, increasingly and sadly as time has gone by, that Bangladesh is often bypassed and when discussed or referred to in the South Asian context, the emphasis more often than not is on negative elements. Overcoming certain misperceptions about my country and bringing it out of the ugly shadows generated by misinformation, sometimes seem in itself the biggest challenge to me. However, whatever we as a nation have achieved since our independence have come as part of our victories in our persistent struggle on numerous fronts in an increasingly globalized world. As it traversed the oceans of fire and blood during its long struggle for national independence, across the barren desert of autocratic rule and overcoming the horrendous calamities wrought by nature’s wrath, Bangladesh has manifested, if nothing else, its indomitable...
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...Globalisation – A drastic change maker in India Globalisation is the new buzzword that has come to dominate the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war and the break-up of the former Soviet Union and the global trend towards the rolling ball. The frontiers of the state with increased reliance on the market economy and renewed faith in the private capital and resources, a process of structural adjustment spurred by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of the developing countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new opportunities to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promise improved productivity and higher living standard. But globalisation has also thrown up new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial market and environmental deteriorations. Another negative aspect of globalisation is that a great majority of developing countries remain removed from the process. Till the nineties the process of globalisation of the Indian economy was constrained by the barriers to trade and investment liberalisation of trade, investment and financial flows initiated in the nineties has progressively lowered the barriers to competition and hastened the pace of globalisation. Though the precise definition of globalisation is still unavailable a few definitions worth viewing, Stephen Gill:...
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...crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia, China and the Middle East and is thus at the fulcrum of a regional market with a vast population, large and diverse resources, and untapped potential for trade. The increasing proportion of Pakistan’s working-age population provides the country with a potential demographic dividend but also with the critical challenge to provide adequate services and increase employment Economical view: Pakistan faces significant economic, governance and security challenges to achieve durable development outcomes. The persistence of conflict in the border areas and security challenges throughout the country is a reality that affects all aspects of life in Pakistan and impedes development. A range of governance and business environment indicators suggest that deep improvements in governance are needed to unleash Pakistan's growth potential Pakistan also faces significant economic challenges. The sharp rise in international oil and food prices, combined with recurring natural disasters like the 2010 and 2011 floods had a devastating impact on the economy. As Pakistan recovered from the 2008 global crisis, its gross domestic product (GDP) grew 3.8 percent in Fiscal Year 2009/2010 (FY09/10). The 2010 floods, with an estimated damage of over $10 billion, caused growth to slow down to 2.4 percent in FY10/11. The Pakistan economy grew by an estimated 3.7 percent in 2011/12, against the pre-flood targeted growth rate of 4.2 percent. Inflation declined, but continued...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...Rising Food Prices, Poverty, and the Doha Round Sandra Polaski Senior Associate and Director, Trade, Equity and Development Program MAY 2008 Summary This paper examines the issues at stake in the Doha Round in light of rising food prices and their impact on global poverty. It first reviews the causes of high food prices, emphasizing those that are susceptible to action by governments. The author then presents recent evidence on how food prices affect the poor and concludes that, although many poor households will require urgent assistance, more are likely to gain from rising prices than lose. She argues that the Doha Round must allow developing countries adequate policy flexibility so that they can build up their own agricultural sectors, increase food supply in the medium and long term, and shield the poor from market failures that can affect their very survival. An agreement should: • • • Sharply restrict domestic and export subsidies provided to wealthy country farmers, which drive farmers in developing countries off the land or into poverty. In-kind food aid should also be restricted in favor of cash assistance. Allow developing countries to shield at least twenty percent of tariff lines from reductions as “special products” to foster greater domestic production and shield poor households until they become more productive or find other livelihoods. Create a robust “special safeguard mechanism” that would permit developing countries to address short term volatility in...
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............................... 2 Business Background of Bangladesh ....................................................................................................................... 2 Problems and Prospects for Modern Enterprises ............................................................................................... 4 Poverty and inequality ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Social development ................................................................................................................................................ 4 Political affairs, good governance and human rights ...................................................................................... 4 Security matters ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 Indigenous peoples and Chittagong Hill Tracts .............................................................................................. 5 Climate change and geopolitical challenges ..................................................................................................... 6 Impressive economic growth – and constraints...
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...South Vietnam and its US backers. A visit to Vietnam by US president Bill Clinton in 2000 was the culmination of American efforts to normalize relations with the former enemy. In 1986 the Doi Moi resulted in Vietnams sucessful transition to a socialist orientated market economy. Elements of market forces and private enterprises were introduced soon after and a stock exchange opened in 2000. In 2007 Its successful economic reforms resulted in it joining the World Trade Organization which has promoted more competitive, export-driven industries, It also became an official negotiating partner in the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement in 2010. These lifts in protectionism has meant that poverty has declined significantly however, Vietnam is still working to create jobs to meet the challenge of a labor force that is growing by more than one million people every year. It also still suffers from relatively high levels of income inequality, disparities in healthcare provision, and poor gender equality. This essay aims to firstly set out the role of the WTO and why Vietnam sought accession, it will then discuss both the positive and negative impacts that freer trade has had on the country. Vietnam joined ASEAN/AFTA in 1995, ASEM in 1996, and APEC in 1998. In January 1995, Vietnam applied for WTO...
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...a member of an economic advisory team working on tax reforms. I have followed your country’s significant achievements since the early 1980s: a steady pace of economic growth, strong increases in primary education enrollment and girls’ education, striking reductions in fertility and infant mortality rates, widespread immunization, success in exports of ready-made garments, increases in food production, improvements in disaster preparedness and flood relief, and the emergence of an impressive NGO system and grassroots strengths. These are achievements that many observers would have thought impossible three decades ago, when some were sufficiently foolish as to refer to Bangladesh as a “basket case.” The aggregate statistics on growth and poverty illustrate this progress. As you know, the growth rate of GDP per capita accelerated steadily, from less than 1% a year in the 1970s to 1.8% in the 1980s and above 3% in the 1990s. By the 1990s, Bangladesh’s I am grateful to Shahrokh Fardoust and Halsey Rogers for their contributions to the preparation and writing of the speech. I am also grateful for substantive inputs or comments received from David Dollar, Steven Knack, Eric Bell, Sadiq Ahmed, Fred Temple, Kapil Kapoor, Syed Nizamuddin, Eric Swanson, Ranjana Mukherjee, Sadia Afroze Chowdhury, Tercan Bayson, Gary Pursell, Dani Kaufman, William Shaw, Peter Lanjouw, Varun Gauri, Ray Rist , Amy Heyman, Shekhar Shah and Sarah Nedolast....
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...development would have flattened people psychologically. Now they take it in their stride … 2 Policy-makers and commentators have long been cajoling Australians into accepting that they are a part of the global economy, which means an acceptance of a whole range of ‘new realities’. One of the major themes of the pro-globalisation position is that Australia has accepted these new realities and adjusted well to globalisation by embracing economic liberalism. The results, it is argued, have been overwhelmingly beneficial. John Howard points out the Australian economy has grown for fourteen years straight – a remarkable achievement by any standards. This success story of growth has tended, however, to override more disaggregated, negative analyses of social outcomes in Australia. A less sanguine part of this new globalising ‘reality’ appears to be an acceptance of rising inequality. Indeed, it is often implied that rising inequality is a spur for growth. The argument is that everyone is better off, it’s just that some people are better off than others. While commentary is often not explicit about the association of globalisation and rising inequality, occasionally it is: The other thing we have to face up to is that in the end we have to be a productive and competitive society and greater inequality might be inevitable.3 Others argue that rising inequality is not a problem if poverty is not rising. Edwards, for example, maintains: “increasing inequality is not of itself a bad...
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