...Asses the significance of the Russian Revolution of 1905 on Government and Culture The significance of the Russian Revolution of 1905 had a dramatic affect on Government and culture.The Russian Revolution of 1905 forced Tsar Nicholas 2 to make radical changes to the way the Government was concerned, and is arguably the end of the autocracy. The Tsar had made concessions on allowing people the freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom of press. He also aloud a creation of a state Duma (Parliament) and that no law could be made without going through the Duma, and also the further development of universal franchise. This was all decided in the October Manifesto. These controls were mainly aimed for the Government side of things. The significance of the revolution had on culture was also a vast improvement than before. Education was now viewed as an important state action, and the fact that the Tsar no longer had absolute control of his subjects lives. Adding to this, the way the Russian Jews were treated and their behavior did also change due to the affects of the Revolution of 1905. Although the Tsar had made many concessions on his power control, he still had vast amounts of power in controlling the Russian Empire. He still had the power to dissolve Duma’s and the secret police was still a vastly strong force within the Empire. However the effects of the Russian Revolution of 1905 had a great impact on Government and on culture of the empire when compared to the way...
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...How far do you agree that the March Revolution of 1917 was due to the failures of Nicholas 2? The March Revolution of 1917 brought autocracy in Russia to an end, when ministers of the last Duma forced the Tsar Nicholas 2 to abdicate. The Revolution happened due to the Nicholas's 2 failures due his reign, however there was a number of problems which appeared before Nicholas 2 or happened without the will of Nicholas 2. When Nicholas 2 came to power in 1894, his main objective was to keep all power in his hand, in another words, Nicholas wanted to remain as an autocrat and be the only ruler of Russia. On the other hand, Nicholas 2 wasn't as reactionary as his father, because Nicholas was not prepared to be extreme in dealing with the social and political unrest in the same manner as his father. His weak leadership led to the policies which after worked against the Tsar. The first social reform was done by Nicholas 2 in 1897. It was reform which limited the working to 11,5 hours from Monday to Friday and to 10 hours on Saturday. However, these policy didn't change the attitude of workers against the Tsarist regime, because people still wanted more liberal social system and a new government which Nicholas was not intend to change. This unhappiness caused by the lack of changes or reforms led to the strike in Saint Petersburg by factory workers who were led by Father Gapon in 1905. The strike finished really dramatically, because a lot demonstrators were killed by...
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...characters in Animal Farm relate to ideas and people involved in the Russian Revolution such as, Joseph Stalin, Karl Marx and the idea of communism. George Orwell tends to give animals on the farm characteristics of those who lead the Russian Revolution. The novel is simply a reflection of this time period with the twist of the people involved being portrayed as animals instead. George Orwell's novel Animal Farm is directly related to the Russian Revolution in several ways. In the novel Animal Farm, Mr. Jones treats his animals extremely poorly and fails to give them enough food to be healthy (Orwell 18). He is sometimes cruel in which he beats his animals with whips and on the other hand he is sometimes kind by mixing milk into the animals' mash. This relates to Czar Nicholas II of the Russian Revolution. He was a poor leader compared to his western kings and he was sometimes cruel and brutal with opponents, and other times he was kind and hired spies to make money (CITE). Old Major is also a character that can be compared, he taught animalism as Karl Marx had taught and invented communism. Major also spoke of how the animals did all the work while the humans kept all the money and for that reason the animals should revolt against mankind. Marx believed that the workers of the world should unite and take over the government. Both Major and Marx died before they could actually see the revolutions they were a part of (Orwell 20) (CITE). The...
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...Paper 2: The Russian Revolution c. 1910-24 Checklist: Key Topics to Revise A. Russia before the First World War: i. The Nature of Russia as a State ii. Government and Politics under the Tsar iii. Economy and Society iv. Failures before WWI v. Opposition to the Tsar B. The First World War i. Russia’s involvement in WWI ii. Rasputin iii. Effects of WWI on Russia C. The Revolutions of 1917 and the Provisional Government i. The Fall of the Tsar (February / March Revolution – 1917) ii. Reasons for the fall of the Tsar iii. The Provisional Government iv. Bolshevik Revolution (October 1917) v. Reasons for Bolshevik Success D. After the Revolution: Bolshevik Government, Civil War, New Economic Policy i. A Marxist Dictatorship? ii. Making Peace with Germany iii. The Civil War iv. War Communism v. The New Economic Policy vi. The death of Lenin (1924). SECTION A) Russia before the First World War: i. The Nature of Russia as a State • Huge country, poor transport and communications (took a week to cross). • Russian land was hard to farm – much was infertile Tundra, Desert or Taiga (forest). • 44% of people were Russian – the rest were different nationalities, many of whom wanted to be free of Russian rule. • Over 80% of population = peasants. ii. Government and Politics under the Tsar • Tsar was an autocrat (absolute ruler). He relied on the army and Okhrana (secret police) to maintain control. • Tsar viewed by many as God’s...
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...significance and effect on Russian government and politics in the early 20th century. A report by Stalin on the war in 1905 states that the “Unbearable conditions” of the war are causing “unrest and discontent among the troops” - further suggesting that the soldiers blamed their superiors, and therefore the government for their treatment during the war through the soldiers “no longer blindly obeying the orders of their superiors”. Through this, it could be suggested that the soldiers were becoming dissatisfied with a regime that they saw did not help them at all (as shown through the poor organization of the war effort - lack of food, proper medical care, decent housing and clothing). Morison agrees with this view, further suggesting that the regime was “branded as incompetent and unworthy” because of how badly the war was going. This in itself would suggest war had a major significance on Russian government as the people were beginning to become unsatisfied with the current regime through its attitude towards the war, and thus would be more likely at this point to push for a new regime that they believed would be more suitable for the Russian people. Furthermore, military defeats at Port Arthur highlighted the weaknesses of the army to the common people, and when Russia was apparently losing the war the people held the government accountable for the massive defeat. This suggestion is supported by Hughes, in that he argues that the war “frustrated many patriotic Russians who were appalled...
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...Animal Farm Chart Comparison of characters to Russian Revolution Animal Farm Russian Revolution Mr. Jones •irresponsible to his animals (lets them starve) •sometimes cruel - beats them with whip •sometimes kind - mixes milk in animal mash Czar Nicholas II •a poor leader at best, compared to western kings •cruel - sometimes brutal with opponents •Sometimes kind - hired students as spies to make $ Old Major •taught Animalism •workers do the work, rich keep the $, animals revolt •dies before revolution Karl Marx •invented Communism •"workers of the world unite", take over gov't •dies before Russian Revolution Animalism •no owners, no rich, but no poor •workers get a better life, all animals equal •everyone owns the farm Communism •same •all people equal •gov't owns everything, people own gov't Snowball •young, smart, good speaker, idealistic •really wants to make life better for all •one of leaders of revolution •chased away into exile by Napoleon's dogs Leon Trotsky •other leader of "October Revolution" •pure communist, followed Marx •wanted to improve life for all in Russia •chased away by Lenin's KGB (Lenin's secret police) Napoleon •not a good speaker, not as clever like Snowball •cruel, brutal, selfish, devious, corrupt •his ambition...
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...perceived interest. Parts of Ukraine have been under Russian rule sine the 17th century. Eastern parts of Ukraine had been continually subjected to dominance from the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. Western Ukraine did not join the Soviet Union until 1939. The country has a history of fragmentation that continues to this day, this is exasperated Russia's continued desire to meddle in the domestic affairs of former republics of the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union dissolved in in 1991, Ukraine received their independence but there was no great change in policy. Former members of the Communist Party managed to remain power without much difficulty. Opposition parties found it difficult to break their stranglehold on power. In the late Soviet era the Communist Party of Ukraine began to accumulate vast sums of sums of cash.[1] Much of this cash disappeared when the Communist Party disbanded after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However much of this money was reinvested to ensure the same people form the Communist Party stayed in power. Leonid Kuchma was elected President in 2004. he had previously been Prime Minister without much note. However he won the election against incumbent Leonid Kravchuk with 52% of the vote.[2] Due to his election as a democrat there was no focus on any potential authoritarian tendencies he may have had, rather, the main concern during the election was that Kuchma might be too pro-Russian. Throughout his time as President, Kuchma repeatedly...
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...Cold War lesson (now that your coursework is finished). This booklet has a page for each examination question that has been asked about our course since the change of course in 2010. For each question there is a section from the guidance given to examiners for marking it, and a section from the examiner’s report on each question. Each page also contains a section where you can record what you have learned about answering each question. Tackling past questions is an excellent way of revising. You could be doing several things in any order: * Reading the examiner’s remarks; * Planning an answer to the question; * Using your notes to find the evidence you’ll need to answer each question; * Sending a plan to a friend for constructive criticism. Before you get going – please note the advice that the Chief Examiner has given to his exam markers for the last year: ------------------------------------------------- “Candidates are expected to demonstrate understanding of the issues in each of their selected questions over a period of at least a hundred years (unless an individual question specifies a slightly shorter period.) Candidates are reminded of the synoptic nature of the Unit. Answers are required to demonstrate understanding of the processes of historical continuity, development and change across the full breadth of the period studied”. ExamSeason | Government | Repression & Reform | Opposition | Agriculture | Industry | Condition of the...
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...Russia has never been a happy place. Since the 12th Century it has been bogged down in poverty, horrific living conditions, and an extremely separated class system. It took many years for the workers and slaves of Russian life to finally organize themselves and revolt against the causes of such hardship; many years of pain, suffering, and oppression that were brought on by the czars. It was this stagnant suffering that would finally begin to lift, and eventually bring power to the Bolsheviks and communism to Russia. Many revolutionaries encouraged killing, robbery, and used terror to advance their effort. However, there were other kinds of revolutionaries, some violent, some not. Gorky, Dostoevsky, and Turgenev all contributed to the progress of the revolution by communicating through literature. All four books were intended to identify critical issues of life, to instigate social and political changes throughout Russia, and to wholly improve Russian life. Gorky’s My Childhood explains the terrible conditions Russia peasants faced. Turgenev’s Fathers and Sons represents the struggle between two ideologies, romanticism and liberalism. Gorky’s next book Mother is the idea of insurgency cells and how a group with no distinct leader can be effective. Finally, Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Possessed shows how violence can be a major tool in fuelling a rebellion, although it also shows how extreme nihilism is self-destructive. Simply listing the problems with Russia up to the 19th and early...
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...The Bolshevik Revolution At the turn of the 20th century, Russia was a vast empire. The country spanned across the entire northern half of Asia, from the Pacific coast in the east, and into Western Europe. Tsar Nicholas II ruled the country as it had been ruled by his family for centuries before. The strict feudal traditions were upheld with brutality; Tsarist policies prolonged the agony of the lower classes and supported the opulence of the royal family. In the early 1900s, the poor social and economic conditions coincided with the spread and increased study of Karl Marx’s communist philosophy. The Russian people, determined to establish a new government, initiated a chain of events that climaxed with the Bolshevik Revolution in October 1917. The Bolshevik Revolution transformed Eastern Europe and Asia and had a significant impact on the entire world throughout the twentieth century. The fallout of the Bolshevik Revolution still impacts Russia and the rest of the world today. There was no singular cause or event that sparked the Bolsheviks to take to arms in 1917, instead the action resulted from the culmination of a history of social, political, and economic issues. Prior to the Bolsheviks’ rise to power in October 1917, there were two Revolutions that set the stage for the Soviet takeover. The First was the revolution of 1905. This revolution resulted in Russia transitioning from a strict feudal system to a constitutional monarchy; the power of the Tsar was limited...
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...More than half of the Russian population suffered from economic, social, and political problems before the idea of Communism (Beck et.al, pg. 443). Poverty levels skyrocketed during the early 1900s in Russia after being involved in wars such as the Bolshevik Revolution (History.com Staff). Russia was disunified and looked into the idea of Communism after past wars (The Bolshevik Revolution). Russia rose to Communism because of past Russian warfare, an immense backlash of laborers, and its unstable society. Past Russian warfare hurt the country economically and politically. The Bolshevik Revolution was initiated from a revolt against the Tsar Nicholas II government (The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica). Tsar Nicholas II sent 11 million peasants...
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...Between 1861 and 1917, Russian society had undergone many changes. It is safe to say that every aspect of that society had been some how modified. These changes led up to the Bolshevik revolution in November of 1917. Given the nature of Russian society, was the Bolshevik revolution unavoidable? Among the changes Russian society had undergone, one starts off the whole chain of events. This was the emancipation of the serfs, in 1861, by Czar Alexander. The emancipation freed 44 million peasants. The Czar knew that the only way to end the discontent of the serfs and to show that Russia too was a modern society would be to let them free. The Edict of Emancipation caused many problems these uneducated peasants. The land now assigned to them was smaller then the plots they were using as serfs. This was an average of 8 acres. There was also a forty-nine year period over which installments could be paid before the peasants were given full ownership of the land. In fact many peasants were still working for their landlords after the edict. Because of his efforts Alexander was nicknamed "the liberator". Despite giving the serfs their freedom, Alexander's actions cause more problems then they solved. After the unification of Germany between 1861 and 1891, which accelerated it's military and political power, Russia too felt it should industrialize. A man named Sergei Witte, who was Minister of Finance from 1892-1903, almost single-handedly pushed Russia into its industrialization. He...
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...The Russia -Japanese war was a key reason into why revolution broke out in 1905 Plehve was reputed to have said that a “short victorious war to avert a revolution” Russia lost several battles producing an amount of 107,000 Russian troops lost. Also the Russian Baltic Fleet, which had sailed half-way round the world to assist their failing army, was completely destroyed by Japanese Ships as it entered the Straits of Tsushima. By this time the Japanese were exhausted and the Russians were almost in Revolution so they signed the Treaty of Portsmouth. The war meant that taxes and therefore prices rose this caused great discomfort and anger among the Russian people. The army was punished for its humiliating defeat and enforced strict disciplinary action. But the Damage had been done to Russia, Revolution was almost upon them. Russia’s population was overwhelmingly peasant. Before the Emancipation of Serfs by Alexander II, peasants were tied to the land they tended so they couldn’t migrate and depopulate Russia. After they had been emancipated the peasants had to buy their land and spend almost the rest of their lives paying back redemption payments. The peasants first struck back at the Government by attacking their Landlords property. Some groups of peasants went as far as to chase down and kill their landlords and burn the property. These attacks were triggered by the spreading of terrorist acts from the towns and cities to the countryside. These attacks continued throughout 1904...
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...Within the context of the period 1801-1917, to what extent was the fall of Tsarism a consequence of significant social development in Russian society? Tsar Nicholas II’s abdication on 2nd March 1917 marked the end of Tsarism’s iron grip on Russia and the subsequent revolution was the clearest possible sign of political and social upheaval. Finally, its people had tired of their nation’s own backwardness and were looking for improvements to an archaic system which they had endured for hundreds of years. Seldom does a revolution succeed without violence being an integral part of its development, and the Russian revolution was no exception. However, there are economic and political factors that helped contribute to the outbreak of this civil disobedience, which must be considered. Underpinning these issues is the stark difference in the social dynamics of Russia between the early 19th century and the early 20th century. The social dichotomy that had presented itself was one that no other European power had experienced. Russia was the only European super-power to still employ serfdom by the time of its termination, for its roots had been deeply embedded in Russian culture. Historian Jonathon Bromley believes the longevity of serfdom was because it “served the economic interests of the nobility and the political interests of the Tsarist state.” This implies that the economic policy and political foundations of the country were predicated on its social structure; therefore social stability...
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...Out of all the wars that influenced the development of Russian government, the first world war was the most significant’ How far do you agree with this statement? I feel the First World War is a very strong factor in Russian history and is a very good point to argue with it was the final disappoint that drove the people of Russia to not only take down the tsar but to later kill him. However in the development of Russian government I don’t think it had much importance, out of all the wars in Russian history I feel it was the revolutions in 1917 that played the most important role in the development of the Russian government. Russia involvement in world war one is a very big turning point in Russian history, it removed the tsar from power and left Russian on its knee’s as industries could not keep up with the demands of the war, many soldiers were without weapons and ammunition. But really didn't have a effect on the development of the Russian government it wasn't until the February revolution in 1917 that the development really started, it allowed the few remaining members of the duma including Kerensky to develop the provisional government, it was successful in installing a democratic government as it quickly allowed free elections and allowed legal political parties to be formed. However their freedom of speech and publishing of political materials from opposition was their downfall as it allowed the Bolsheviks to attack them, as there popularity increased the provisional...
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