...Instructor: Shanshan Ding Notes accompany the Third Edition of Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning From Data by Alan Agresti and Christine Franklin Contents CHAPTER 9: HYPOTHESIS TESTS 9.1 Elements of a Hypothesis Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 Normal Hypothesis Test for Population Proportion p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.3 The t-Test: Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean µ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.4 Possible Errors in Hypothesis Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.5 Limitations and Common Misinterpretations of Hypothesis Testing . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 6 10 15 17 Stat 3011 Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9: HYPOTHESIS TESTS Motivating Example A diet pill company advertises that at least 75% of its customers lose 10 pounds or more within 2 weeks. You suspect the company of falsely advertising the benefits of taking their pills. Suppose you take a sample of 100 product users and find that only 5% have lost at least 10 pounds. Is this enough to prove your claim? What about if 72% had lost at least 10 pounds? Goal: 9.1 Elements of a Hypothesis Test 1. Assumptions 2. Hypotheses Each hypothesis test has two hypotheses about the population: Null Hypothesis (H0 ): Alternative Hypothesis (Ha ): 1 Stat 3011 Chapter 9 Diet Pill Example: Let p = true proportion of diet pill customers that lose at least 10 pounds. State the null and alternative hypotheses for the diet pill example...
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...TI-84 Plus TI-84 Plus Silver Edition Guidebook Important Information Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either express or implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis. In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this product. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any other party. © 2005 Texas Instruments Incorporated Windows and Macintosh are trademarks of their respective owners. ii USA FCC Information Concerning Radio Frequency Interference This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference...
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...HOMEWORK II Chapter 4, page 163, #8 A. a. Intercept Price t-Stat = -4516.3 / 4.988.2 = -0.90. Not significant b. Competitors Price t-stat = -3590.6 / 702.8 = -5.10. Significant c. Income t-stat = 777.1 / 66.4 = 11.70. Significant d. Population t stat = .40 / .31 = 1.29 Not significant e. Time t-stat = 356.1/92.3 = 3.85 Significant If the T-stat of the variable is greater than 2 then it is significant, if less than 2, it is not significant The regression model represents 93% of the total variation in pie sales based on the R2 number. B. EP = (20000 / 7.50) x (6.60 / 20000) = 0.88. If the price of pies increases by 1%, sales would fall by 0.88%. Cross-price elasticity = (20000 / 2300) x (2298.71 / 20000) = 0.99. If the population decreases by 1%, the price would increase by 0.99% C. Q = 356.1 - 0.90(7.50) – 5.10(6.50) + 11.70(40) = 784.2 in sales growth per quarter D. 93% accurate for predicting sales this quarter. It is unknown how accurate it will be in the future as the variables may change and therefore, reliance on the variables would also change. E. With a 93% accuracy for predicting sales I would be very confident in predicting sales of pies nationally. Chapter 5, page 208, #10 Q = L – L2 / 800 Cost of hiring an extra hour of labor = $20 per hour P = $40 A. MPL = 40 – 2L MRP L = 2(40 – 2L) = 80 – 4L 80 – 4L = 20 L = 15, so 15 hours of Labor should be used Output = 15 – 152 / 800...
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...Dr. Kramer Chapter 11 #23 Size of Company | Yes | No | Total | | | | | Small | 36 | 14 | 50 | | | | | Medium | 65 | 10 | 75 | | | | | Large | 88 | 12 | 100 | | | | | | 189 | 36 | 225 | | | | | Expected | Yes | No | | | | | | Small | 42 | 8 | | | | | | Medium | 63 | 12 | | | | | | Large | 84 | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CHI SQ | Small (Yes) | Small (NO) | Medium (Yes) | Medium (No) | Large (yes) | Large (NO) | | | 0.85714286 | 4.5 | 0.063492063 | 0.333333333 | 0.1904762 | 1 | 6.944444 | | | | | | | | | | df=(n-1)(m-1)=(3-1)(2-1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | chidist= | 0.031048 | | | | | | #25 Observed | Airline | | | | | Did it Fly | American | Continental | Delta | United | Total | Yes | 48 | 69 | 68 | 25 | 210 | No | 52 | 41 | 62 | 35 | 190 | Total | 100 | 110 | 130 | 60 | 400 | | | | | | | Expected | Airline | | | | | | American | Continental | Delta | United | | Yes | 52.5 | 57.75 | 68.25 | 31.5 | 210 | No | 47.5 | 52.25 | 61.75 | 28.5 | 190 | | | | | | | CHI SQ | American | Continental | Delta | United | | YES | 0.385714286 | 2.19155844 | 0.000916 | 1.34127 | 3.919458 | NO | 0.426315789 | 2.4222488 | 0.001012 | 1.482456 | 4.332033 | | | | | | 8.251491 | | | | | | | | df=(n-1)(m-1)=(2-1)(4-1) | | | | | | | | | | | | chidist= | 0.04109026 | | | | Chapter 12 #5 SUMMARY...
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...ACC 410 Assignment 1 Financial Statement / Audit Report Review Follow Below Link to Download Tutorial https://homeworklance.com/downloads/acc-410-assignment-1-financial-statement-audit-report-review/ For More Information Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com Assignment 1: Financial Statement / Audit Report Review Due Week 4 and worth 240 points Select one (1) local government in your state or area and review the financial statements and audit report for the county or municipality. The financial statements of the government you selected should have at least three (3) funds. Refer to the continuing problem homework for Weeks 1 through 3 for this assignment. Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you: 1.Compare and contrast the comprehensive annual financial report (CAFR) of the selected local government entity with the city of Austin report from Week 1 homework. In your comparison, include: a.Publication method of the CAFR b.Audit and budget information in the CAFR c.The type of audit report issued d.Existence or non-existence of an internal audit function within the government entity 2.Prepare the analysis for the selected local government entity, including information on the introduction, financial section, and statistical section prepared in the city of Austin’s CAFR from chapter 2. 3.Analyze the methods used by the selected local government entity in comparing...
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...Chapter 8 pgs 8.2 – 8.13 * I. Electrical Troubleshooting-method of finding problems in elec. Systems II. T-stats A. Primary control-necessary for regular operation B. Single stat 1. Homes, small commercial buildings C. Independent – Multi-zones 1. Large commercial buildings, malls III. T-stat operation A. Electronic programmable B. Bi-metal-2 diff. metals bonded together (copper, Invar), warp out when temp changes 1. Mercury bulb contacts 2Magnet assist 3. Snap acting C. 24V, 750mV IV. Heat only t-stat A. Control for furnace only B. Adjustable heat anticipator 1. Small resistance heater 2. in series with the stat contacts 3. Opens heat stat early so we don’t overheat with the residual heat in the heat exchanger V. Cooling only stat A. Control for cooling only system B. Cooling compensator 1. Fixed resistance 2. Parallel to stat contacts 3. Energized when there is no call for cooling, brings AC early VI. Heating-Cooling Stats A. A mercury bulb is used with a set of contacts at the cooling end and heating end 1. Cooling contacts close on rise of temp 2. Heating contacts open on the rise of temp B. When a switch is used it provides a means to direct the control of cooling and heating 1. for cooling a. disconnects heating contacts connects cooling contacts 2. for heating a. disconnects cooling contacts connects heating contacts VII. Heating-Cooling Automatic Changeover Thermostats A. Automatic changeover stat automatically...
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...Chapter 6 Basic data structures A data structure, sometimes called data type, can be thought of as a category of data. Integer is a data category which can only contain integers. String is a data category holding only strings. A data structure not only defines what elements it may contain, it also supports a set of operations on these elements, such as addition or multiplication. Strings and numbers are the core data structures in Python. In this chapter, you’ll see a few more, almost as important, data structures. In the next chapter, you’ll se how you can design your own, customary data structures. The concept of a sequence is so fundamental to programming that I’ve had a very hard time avoiding it so far. And as you, alert and perky, have noticed, I actually haven’t, since I involuntarily had to introduce sequences in Section 4.4 when talking about the for loop. In Python, the word “sequence” covers several phenomena. Strings are sequences of characters, and you heard about those in Chapter 3. In the coming sections, you’ll hear about the two other basic types of sequence supported by Python: Lists and tuples. Later in this chapter, we’ll get around to talking about sets and dictionaries. Strings and integers represent concrete data objects; a string or a number represents true data in itself.1 Lists, tuples and dictionaries are designed to organize other data, to impose structure upon it; they do not necessarily represent true data in their own right. For this reason, they...
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...SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 [AS AMENDED Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. Sec. THROUGH P.L. 112-106, APPROVED APRIL 5, 2012] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Short Title. 2. Definitions. 2A. Swap Agreements. 3. Exempted Securities. 4. Exempted Transactions. 4A. Requirements With Respect to Certain Small Transactions. 5. Prohibitions Relating to Interstate Commerce and the Mails. 6. Registration of Securities and Signing of Registration Statement. 7. Information Required in Registration Statement. 8. Taking Effect of Registration Statements and Amendments Thereto. 8A. Cease-And-Desist Proceedings. 9. Court Review of Orders. 10. Information Required in Prospectus. 11. Civil Liabilities on Account of False Registration Statement. 12. Civil Liabilities Arising in Connection With Prospectuses and Communications. Sec. 13. Limitation of Actions. Sec. 14. Contrary Stipulations Void. Sec. 15. Liability of Controlling Persons. Sec. 16. Additional Remedies; Limitation on Remedies. Sec. 17. Fraudulent Interstate Transactions. Sec. 18. Exemption From State Regulation of Securities Offerings. Sec. 19. Special Powers of Commission. Sec. 20. Injunctions and Prosecution of Offenses. Sec. 21. Hearings by Commission. Sec. 22. Jurisdiction of Offenses and Suits. Sec. 23. Unlawful Representations. Sec. 24. Penalties. Sec. 25. Jurisdiction of Other Government Agencies Over Securities. Sec. 26. Separability of Provisions. Sec. 27. Private Securities Litigation. Sec....
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...STAT 346/446 - A computer is needed on which the R software environment can be installed (recent Mac, Windows, or Linux computers are sufficient).We will use the R for illustrating concepts. And students will need to use R to complete some of their projects. It can be downloaded at http://cran.r-project.org. Please come and see me when questions arise. Attendance is mandatory. Topics covered in STAT 346/446, EPBI 482 Chapter 5 – Properties of a Random Sample Order Statistics Distributions of some sample statistics Definitions of chi-square, t and F distributions Large sample methods Convergence in probability Convergence in law Continuity Theorem for mgfs Major Theorems WLLN CLT Continuity Theorem Corollaries Delta Method Chapter 7 – Point Estimation Method of Moments Maximum Likelihood Estimation Transformation Property of MLE Comparing statistical procedures Risk function Inadmissibility and admissibility Mean squared error Properties of Estimators Unbiasedness Consistency Mean-squared error consistency Sufficiency (CH 6) Definition Factorization Theorem Minimal SS Finding a SS in exponential families Search for the MVUE Rao-Blackwell Theorem Completeness Lehmann-Scheffe Location and scale invariance Location and scale parameters Cramer-Rao lower bound Chapter 9 - Interval Estimation Pivotal Method for finding a confidence interval Method for finding the “best” confidence interval Large sample confidence intervals ...
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...Stat 141 R1 - Lecture #35 Announcements: 1) Assignment #11 Question 5: The answer is wrong … should be “fail to reject” but MyStatLab wants “reject”... so give the wrong answer for full marks in this question 2) Exam: STAT 141 R1 3 hrs 1400 Wed Apr 17 MAIN GYM, ~45 Multiple Choice Questions Chapters 7, 8, 18-28 …. some pre MT skills will be required. Simple Linear Regression …. continued Last time: Ex) Predicting final exam marks (%) from midterm exam marks (%) in a class of 88 students: Student | #1 | #2 | … | #88 | Midterm mark | 67% | 72% | … | 88% | Final mark | 62% | 50% | … | 91% | Stat 141 R1 - Lecture #35 page 2 Given x = midterm percentage, y = final percentage, n=88, x = 67.812, y = 52.643, sx = 17.922, sy = 25.430, r = 0.718 ∑(yi–ŷi)2 = 27278.82 We had calculated: The slope and intercept of the sample line of best fit: * sample line of best fit: y= -16.443 + 1.019 x An estimate for σ (standard deviation about the population line): se Given SSE = ∑(yi–ŷi)2 = 27278.82 : se2=SSEn-2=27278.8288-2=317.196 →σ≈se=317.196=17.810 Stat 141 R1 - Lecture #35 page 3 Inference for the population slope β1 When the 4 basic assumptions of the SLR model are satisfied: o The relationship between x and y is sufficiently linear. Presuming linearity, this means, at any x, με = 0. o The std. dev. of ε is the same for any particular x (constant). o The...
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...An research of the seasonalities in the Pakistan’s Stock Market: Monday, January and the Ramadan Effect . Hanan Abdul Razaq 10th March 2009 Acknowledgements I am indebted to my dissertation lecturer for his help and guidance throughout the project. I would also like to thank my family and friends for their unconditional support and understanding throughout the year specially during the crucial times when my head Was down but they gave me that extra strength and support to push forward and Complete this project on time. Abstract In recent years, we have observed an increase in interest from both individuals’ institutions and investors in emerging markets. It’s important for the investors to know whether the market is efficient, inefficient or neutral. This study wishes to document the Pakistani market and their Stock Exchange by looking at the existence of Calendar Anomalies such Monday effect and the January effect. Secondly this study investigates the presence of the so-called Moving Calendar anomaly, the “Ramadan Effect”. The following three indices are used: KSE-100, LSE-25 and ISE-10. An OLS regression and a GARCH (1,1) methodology will be used for the testing daily, weekly and monthly returns. The findings of this study shows the existence of Monday effect in ISE-10 index using...
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...Lakisha Wilson OP-276 Chapter 1-PG.3 (English & Word Usage) 1. Dr. Cindy Boswick will be presenting the program on ethics at our April meeting of IAAP. Rule: Use standard abbreviations for titles immediately before proper names. Use periods in abbreviations before the name. 2. Rev. Jacob Mathias spoke at the evening service of Forest Hills Presbyterian Church. Rule: Use standard abbreviations for titles immediately before proper names.Use periods in abbreviations before the name. 3. The concert will be at 3 p.m. Rule: Use only one period when an abbreviation containing a period falls at the end of the sentence. 4. The company is located at West Apple Lane. Rule: Avoid abbreviating the following categories of words unless these words appear in tabulations or enumerations. Compass directions when they are part of an address. 5. The Hon. Eleanor Isenberg will speak at the commencement. Rule: Use standard abbreviations for titles immediately before proper names. Spell out titles such as Reverend and Honorable when preceded by the. 6. AT&T has expanded its operations. Rule: When an abbreviation includes an ampersand, generally, do not space before or after the ampersand. 7. We are scheduled to take an IQ test tomorrow. Rule: Use the article a before an abbreviation beginning with a consonant sound. Use the article an before an abbreviation beginning with a vowel sound. 8. The game is scheduled to take place March 15. ...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research Documents The Research Paper Factory JoinSearchBrowseSaved Papers Search over 100,000 Essays Home Page » Business and Management Exercise 36 Questions to Be Graded In: Business and Management Exercise 36 Questions to Be Graded EXERCISE 36 Questions to be graded 1. The researchers found a significant difference between the two groups (control and treatment) for change in mobility of the women with osteoarthritis (OA) over 12 weeks with the results of F(1, 22) = 9.619, p = 0.005. Discuss each aspect of these results. * The F-value suggests that there is a significant difference between the results of the control and treatment groups. The P-value of 0.005 is < the alpha of 0.05. This suggest that the groups are significantly different and the null hypothesis should be rejected. 2. State the null hypothesis for the Baird and Sands (2004) study that focuses on the effect of the GI with PMR treatment on patients’ mobility level. Should the null hypothesis be rejected for the difference between the two groups in change in mobility scores over 12 weeks? Provide a rationale for your answer. * Treatment group mean = control group mean * With the p-value being < the alpha, the null hypothesis would be rejected indicating the difference in the mean mobility scores. 3. The researchers stated that the participants in the intervention group reported a reduction in mobility difficulty at week...
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...Proceedings of EnCon2010 3rd Engineering Conference on Advancement in Mechanical and Manufacturing for Sustainable Environment April 14-16, 2010, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia Time Motion Study in Determination of Time Standard in Manpower Process Abdul Talib Bon, Daiyanni Daim Abstract— Time and Motion Study is rarely used in the industry nowadays. In this study, the company that involve in the rice based company.. This study using this type of study method in order to increase production and identify any improvement that could be made through identifying the process that involving manpower as the main reason and state the time standard in order to achieve the objectives of increasing the production and decreasing the cost. This study is using systematic observation, interview with discussion and stopwatch time study. Statistically Fit and Production Modeler software is used to test the data and make improvements. By stating the time standard for the process involving manpower, production rate increase and the cost will be less. Other than that, proposal for improvement could be made in order to enhance the effort to achieve the main objective of any business organization in the world. Keywords: Time and Motion Study, Ergonomics,Productivity, Manpower Factor, Time Standard Total cycle time is means of the combine effect of cycle time in all business processes from the time needed until reach satisfaction. In short, the total cycle time is defined comprehensively. It include...
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...Foul Ball 1. What argument would you make on behalf of Emily that the owner of the baseball park had a legal obligation to protect her from wild baseballs? The land, for which the baseball park is on, is a public place. A public invitee is one who is invited and enters the land for the purpose for which the land is held open to the public, in this case a baseball field. The owner of this public land has a duty to protect his invitees with reasonable care, because he is the possessor of the land. Using reasonable care requires the defendant to recognize the risks created by his actions and to act reasonably in light of those risks. I would make the argument that the defendant breached his duty with negligence by not having a fence surrounding the baseball field to prevent such injuries from occurring (Edwards & Edwards, 2012). 2. What argument would you anticipate the owner would make in response? In response, I think the owner would claim that he owed no duty to plaintiff because she was not on his property when the injury occurred; she was walking on the sidewalk. In addition, I think he would respond with the foreseeability approach. Defendant could claim that he was not acting in a unreasonable manner, because it is common knowledge that injuries happen from sports, and by walking by the baseball field, plaintiff took that known risk of injury happening (Edwards & Edwards, 2012). 3. What are the laws, both statutory and...
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