...Chapter 2 – Review of the Literature Writing Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature 04 NOV A literature review is designed to identify related research, to set the current research project within a conceptual and theoretical context. The second chapter should… start with a brief introductory paragraph concerning the researcher’s exploration of related literature and studies on the research problem; state the main coverage of said chapter; should be organized thematically to confirm to the specific problems; should synthesize evidence from all studies reviewed to get an overall understanding of the state of the knowledge in the problem area; should be limited within the last ten years; should include a clinching statement showing how the related materials had assisted the researchers in the present study at the last part. How to Write the Introduction of a Review of Related Literature Identify the general topic of the sources under discussion. Thus, you will provide the context of your review of related literature; Discuss what was already presented about the topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory, conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship, etc. Explain why the literature used is worth reviewing. How to Write the Body of a Review of Related Literature Group the sources according to their common dominators (approaches, objectives or any specific chronologies); Give the examples of how to sort out these groups. Use quotations, evidences, data...
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...Related Literature as a generic expression refers to all information which has substantial bearing on the study at issue whose source/s could be quoted appropriately. * Refers to books, periodicals, magazines, newspapers, legal reports and other published materials containing facts, laws, theories and documented observations. Related studies – refers to theses, dissertations and research studies substantially characterized by the presence of the following parts: research problem, hypotheses, objectives, related literature, methodology, findings, conclusions, recommendations and bibliography. Purpose: The review of related literature is the scholarly foundation of the study. It spells out whether there is sufficient documentary basis to pursue a problem which came to the attention of the student or there is none. The review of related literature serves the following purposes: 1. Generally, it provides the formal and scholarly data proving that there is sufficient reason to pursue the problem. 2. It provides a clearer understanding of the problem of the study, the circumstances surrounding the problem, and the approaches to pursue the study. 3. It provides the needed comprehensive information of underlying theories, concepts, and principles which are essential in developing the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. 4. It is the documentary proof that the current undertaking is filling-in a research gap. 5. It is the proof that the current undertaking...
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... I. Abstract All capitalized, bold font style, center page alignment, double line spacing (body) The abstract gives the reader an overview of the study, based on information from the other sections of the report. The information given in the abstract is usually the basis of many readers as to whether they will read the entire report or not. The abstract is one paragraph of about 100-200 words. The typical information elements included in an abstract are as follows: 1. Some background or general information on the study and the main topic (or purpose of the study and its scope) 2. Some information on how the study was conducted (or the methodology used in the study) 3. The most important findings of the study. 4. A statement of conclusion (justified based on the data presented). I. Body of the Manuscript Chapter 1 (Capitalize the first letter only, bold font style, center page) TITLE (FIRST LEVEL HEADING, bold face, center page) Example: Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Line spacing: double space Spacing before: 0 pt Spacing after: 0 pt Paragraph indention: 1.50 cm Alignment: justified. Line spacing in the body: double space; 0 pt before and after No extra space will be given after the last sentence and another paragraph Content of The Problem and its Setting This chapter gives an overview of the thesis/practicum of research report, giving the reader background or basis of the problem to be reported. It can be divided into...
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...Bachelor in Visual Communication. It builds on the skills and knowledge learned in the first two and half years; to enable students to use these to demonstrate competence in the theory and practice based on their respective programs. Aims of Project The main aims of this project are: 1. To provide students with a realistic group experience in designing, implementing and documenting computer, multimedia, and graphics products in the form of applications, systems, design, etc. based on the needs of clients/stakeholders. 2. To let students apply their knowledge and skills in handling tasks with appropriate tools. 3. To provide a learning environment for students to independently manage their projects under supervision. 4. To build students’ ability to present and rationalize their work with confidence and logics. 5. To enable the students to delegate tasks and work as a team, and manage their project time and budget accordingly. General proposal format: 1. Paper Size Type Color 2. Type Face Font Size Title Font Spacing : : : A4 80 gm papers White : : : : Arial, or Times New Roman 12 pt Capital Letter Double spacing 3. Page Numbering and Layout: Follow the given guideline of “PROJECT COMPREHENSIVE GUIDELINE.” 4. Page Setup: Left margin: 1.5 inch Top, Bottom, Right margins: 1 inch TRS3056/TRS3284/TRS3334/TRS3152/TRS3242 1 / 10 5. Binding Black comb binding (Refer to the given cover...
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...research, its methodologies, its challenges and its organization. This course permits an understanding of the various decisions and steps involved in preparing a research proposal which includes the problem and its background, literature review, research methodology as well as a critically informed assessment of published research. Also, students will be introduced to a range of research tools, data analysis and will be equipped to plan and organize their research, as well as develop their data collecting instrument. B. COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: | | | |Course Objectives |On completion of this course, students will be able to: | | |Understand the concepts, approaches and procedures underlying the conduct of research. | | |Develop a research problem, select the appropriate tools and construct data collecting instrument; | | |Prepare a review of literatures and studies relevant to the topic selected which will be of help in preparing a | | |research proposal. | ...
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...October 27 2015 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background of the Study Introduction Theoretical Framework Theoretical framework shapes the justification of the research problem in order to provide the legal basis for defining its parameters. It is a symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relation that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates. Conceptual Framework Conceptual framework presents specific and well-defined concepts which are called constructs. Its function is similar to theoretical framework because the constructs used are derived from abstract concepts of the theoretical framework. Statement of the Problem Statement of the problem sets the direction of the study. It has to be stated vividly and explicitly in interrogative form. A good research problem should be SMART, that is, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Bound. Significance of the Study Significance of the study explains its importance. It defines the contribution of the study in relation to solving the problem and need; bridging a knowledge gap; improving social, economic and health conditions; enriching research instruments and methods; and supporting government thrusts. Significance of the study is presented either in inductive or deductive perspective. In and inductive way, the researcher moves from the particular to the general, and presents the importance of the study from target beneficiaries...
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...of Contents Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING a. Background of the Study Global Situation National Situation Local Situation Statement of the Problem Hypothesis (es) Review of Related Literature Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Paradigm Model of the Study (Variables) Significance of the Study Definition of Terms Conceptual Definition Operational Definition Chapter 2 METHOD Introduction Research Design Research Subject Time Place Persons Research Instruments Construction of the Instrument(s) Validation Scaling Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment of the Data Chapter 3 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Chapter 4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Page Approval Sheet Acknowledgment Dedication Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 4 Hypotheses Review of Related Literature Theoretical...
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...OF TABLE iv LIST OF FIGURES v Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Review of Related Literature Conceptual Framework Scope and Delimitation Significant of the Study Definition of terms Chapter 2: METHOD Research Design Research Local Respondents of the Study Data Gathering Procedures Instrument and Tools Used Statistical Treatment of Data LIST OF TABLES Table No. Description Page No. LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Description Page No. Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework discussed the flow of the study to be taken. The concept of the study is to prepare a small business in Potrero Malabon City. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Figure 1. Conceptual Diagram of Proposed System Statement of the Problem This research entitled “Place Marketing Mix Strategies for Selected Local Brand Cupcake Product: Effectiveness Barangay Potrero Malabon City” aims to build a business which determines to know where in Barangay Potrero Malabon City. Furthermore this business take attract residence to buy a cupcake. Specifically, this study wants to answer the following question: 1. From which place in Potrero Malabon city would you choose to sell this product? a. Near school b. Near church c. At the market 2. Who will be your target costumer? a. Students/Children ...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction ( Introduce your study here..define your topic…what it is all about..why do you think there is a need to conduct this study?) Background of the Study (Give background on the topic….maybe a brief history of its existence and its relevance to the current study) Theoretical Framework (Research on related theories that are already established. Include them in this part and describe how it will support your study. Include the diagram of their theory…) Conceptual Framework Based from the above mentioned theoretical framework, the proponent of this study has conceptualized her research paradigm as shown in Figure 7. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT [pic] Figure 7 Paradigm of the Study (This is sample only. You have to design your own model.) Figure 7 shows the paradigm of the study. The first box on the left side concerns with the input data which includes …. Statement of the Problem The main thrust of the study is to……. Specifically, it also intends to answer the following questions: Scope and Limitation of the Study The study covers the.. The timeframe of this study was within the fiscal year 2013. Significance of the Study The researcher deemed that the following would benefit...
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...ElysiumaazSAA Z: A Proposed Medical Health Care & Research Facility An Institutional Eacility that Emphasize on Hospital & Research Facility A Thesis Proposal Presented to the College of Architecture Adamson University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture By Hadrian Paul Nituma Lacaba MARCH 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This section is to give credit to academic staff in your department and in other departments, institutions, organizations or companies, funding bodies, and individuals (Past students, Family *, Friends *) who have been of help during the project, for instance by supporting it financially or by giving feedback on the text during its composition and revising stages. Acknowledgements contain the following elements: * Full name of all individuals who are being thanked. * A brief statement as to what kind of help the writer has received from each individual, group of people, scholarship, etc. colleague * If you wish to acknowledge the help of family members or friends make sure you restrict the wording of your thanks to a relatively formal register. ABSTRACT This section is limited to 100-150 words (approximately 12-15 lines), singly spaced and must include at least four (4) keywords. Provide a brief overview of the proposal that gives a reader a basic understanding of your proposal and encourages her or him to read more...
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...REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES GUIDELINES A. Content Chapter 3 Review of Related Literature and Studies 3.1 Review of Related Literature 3.1.1 Title of Related Literature 1 Discuss the relevance of the related literature 1 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the literature clear in the report. Use the guidelines below in discussing review of related literature. 3.1.2 Title of Related Literature 2 Discuss the relevance of the related literature 2 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the literature clear in the report. Use the guidelines below in discussing review of related literature. 3.1.3 Title of Related Literature 3 Discuss the relevance of the related literature 3 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the literature clear in the report. Use the guidelines below in discussing review of related literature. 3.2 Review of Related Studies 3.2.1 Title of Related Study 1 Discuss the relevance of the related study 1 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the study clear in the report. Use the guidelines below in discussing review of related study. 3.2.2 Title of Related Study 2 Discuss the relevance of the related study 2 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the study clear in the report. Use the guidelines below in discussing review of related study. 3.2.3 Title of Related Study 3 Discuss the relevance of the related study 3 and make the conclusions and contradictions found in the study clear...
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...this study is to design a computerized voting system based upon the electoral process adopted in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. In recent years, information technology has greatly affected all aspects of life, and to a large extent, this includes politics. In order to choose people to various positions different methods have been set up, with researchers continually trying to find improvement to the existing methods. The most recent method to be devised is electronic voting (e-voting). It is meant to phase out outdated paper ballot, punched cards and other mechanical voting systems with paperless electronic or online voting systems. Computerized voting systems endeavour to make elections simple while reducing the total cost of the election. Designing an air-tight and reliable computerized voting system is therefore a great task, in that, the system that must be developed must protect the privacy of the voter, be easily understood and used by the entire voting populace - no matter who they are or where they come from. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I The Problem and its Background | | Introduction | 1 | Background of the Study | 2 | Objective of the Study | 5 | General Objectives | 5 | Specific Objectives | 6 | Statement of the Study | 6 | Significance of the Study | 7 | Scope and Limitations of the Study | 8 | Scope of the Study | 8 | Limitations of the Study | 9 | | | Chapter II Review of Related Literature and Studies...
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...Group Assignment Critical Review of a Proposal Assessment of Role of Micro and Small Enterprises on Economic Empowerment of Women: A survey of Women Operated Urban Agriculture Enterprises in Wukro Woreda, Tigray Group Members 1. Bersabeh Elias 2. Dagmawit Meried 3. Kalkidan Amdie 4. Kalkidan Wubie 5. Maria Alemu June 21/2014 Addis Ababa Content Introduction ? i. Title page * The title page did not have a page number (which is correct) * The purpose of the research was clearly specified as : A Research Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Development Studies * Name of the researcher is stated: * Advisor and co-advisors are mentioned * Place, Month and year (December 2011) is also mentioned ii. Acronyms Abbreviation should have come before/at the beginning of the proposal next to title page. (The abbreviations are in alphabetic order, which is correct) The following abbreviations are used in the proposal but not found in the list of abbreviations FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization FDRE – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia HIV/AIDS – Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome MFI – Micro Finance Institution MSE –Small and Medium Sized Enterprises NAP-GE – National Action Plan for Gender Equality NGO – Non Governmental Organization REWA – Revolutionary Ethiopian Women’s Association UN –...
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...Thesis Writing Guidelines CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM OR NEED FOR THE STUDY Introduction - this is a general introduction to the topical area. It is a general, broad statement that provides an overview of the area involving your study. Guiding questions for this area are: • • • • • • Why is this an important area? What has been the historical development of the topic? Are there different points of view about the topic? Have there been significant investigations, studies, or reports concerning the topical area? What is the current status of the area of your interest? What are the major outstanding concerns in the general area? Statement of the Problem - since the introduction has given a broad, general background to the study, this should be very specific in nature. The statement of the problem might begin with the words, "The problem of the study is...." or "This study will address the problem of..." Guiding questions for this area are: • • • Does the problem pose significance for education? Will the problem present data that explains previously unexplained facts? Will the problem serve as a point of departure for the study? Purpose of the Study - this section provides you with an opportunity to tell the reader the overall purpose of your study. For a thesis, include research questions to be answered and/or hypotheses. Guiding questions are: • • • • • • • • Is the question directly related to the review of the literature? Does the question help clarify the problem statement?...
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...Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study: Advertising is one of the most important marketing activities in the modern world. Globalization has increased its importance. Advertising is the impersonal method of communicating messages to prospective buyers. It is also the art of persuasion of human minds through a range of communication media. It aims to create positive impressions about a brand, an organization, or an idea. The American Marketing Association defines advertising as ‘any paid form of non-personal presentation of goods, services or ideas for action, openly paid by an identified sponsor’. The advertising is salesmanship in print, voice and visual. The field of advertising is made up of a system of interacting institutions that play their role in creating and executing the advertising process. This study has been carried out study the benefits of using colour identified by a company. In order to study he stated topic Ncell has been chosen. Ncell private limited stands as a privately owned GSM services in telecommunication sector of Nepal with the brand name ‘Mero Mobile’, which was re-branded as Ncell in 12 March 2010. Ncell with a new brand identity including a new brand symbol in the shape of a hitek stone in rich purple colour replaced the brand Mero Mobile with its red and yellow colouring. The stone symbolizes connectivity and connection between people. The purple colour is energizing and inspiring, it reflects the creativity passion and reliability...
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