...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Managing correctional population is a challenging and expensive task for state and local jurisdictions. In recent years, methods of securities were implemented to secure the inmates and to lessen the cases of escapes. These help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of correctional management. According to Lukens, there was a problem in monitoring the inmates during the headcount procedure as the inmates portray the appearance of a sleeping person in cell beds. To resolve this dilemma, they required all the inmates to stand in order in specific area at the same time during headcounts. It was observed that the time it takes to finish this procedure was impractical so they switch to a procedure of checking each inmate in their individual cells (Preventing Prison Escapes and Responding to Security Audits, 2000). Traditional way of monitoring the inmates was considered as impractical as it only applies on situational instances. Wortley (2002) said, that one of possible reasons why prisoners were able to escape prisons is the way these traditional approaches were implemented. Two inmates of the Manila City Jail escaped and had disarmed ten officers in their wake. Due to the heavy rain, they had gone unnoticed by the roving guard on duty that night (Andrade, 2012). In 2002, 17 inmates at BJMP Tagum City Jail escaped in broad daylight. Outnumbering the personnel on duty during the headcount in the morning, the inmates took opportunity...
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...Comments on Chapter 7 Lock ‘Em Up! Why do We Lock “Em Up?” Goals: Incapacitation: Physically prevent offenders from committing additional crimes against society. Retribution: (just Deserts). Offenders need to pay for their crimes. Deterrence: You understand this from the previous chapter. Rehabilitation: The ‘forgotten’ goal. Restitution: The offender “compensate” the victim, victim’s family of community for the crime. It can be community service or money for property crimes. In the case of murder and violent offense it can be apologizes and/or convincing remorse for their crimes. They help the victim forgiveness is healthier than anger. This is often referred to as Restorative Justice. Types of Incarceration Jails (city and county level): They confine those awaiting trail and those serving ‘short’ sentences. Depending on the state sentences can range from a maximum of one year (NY and NJ) to five years (PA). Approximately 50% of those in jail are bail eligible (they simply cannot afford – you only need to post 10%). Generally conditions in jails are much worse than prison. They tend to be Under-funded, under-staffed, people coming and going, high staff turnover, people coming off the street with drug/alcohol/mental conditions, and far fewer activities. Prisons: State custody, more serious offenders with longer sentences. Prison have far more resources than jails. The Incarceration Binge Causes 1, Three Strikes/Mandatory Minimums:...
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...AND EX-OFFENDERS AS PERCEIVED BY HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGERS IN ORTIGAS PASIG CITY Prepared By: Ms. Marilyn Dimaculangan CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION It is well known that employment is an important need of most individuals; it provides income, social connection, and feelings of societal contribution and self worth. What may be less well known are the barriers to employment faced by those with criminal record, the challenges faced by employers in hiring ex-offenders and what can be done to facilitate employment opportunities as record numbers of people transition from incarceration to the community. A great number of employers are reluctant to hire individuals with a criminal past citing lack of skills and work history, untrustworthiness, and fear of liability for negligent hiring, among other things. Employers use of criminal history background checks over the past decades and they are less willing to hire ex-offenders that any other advantaged group. Their willingness to hire ex-prisoners varies according to the industry and position, the type and severity of offense committed by applicant and work experience since release. Employers are not always consistent in what they say versus what they do when it comes to hiring former offenders and prisoners Jail is a synonym for prison, especially when the facility is of a similar size as a prison. As with prisons, some jails have different wings for certain types of offenders, and have wok programs...
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...Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7, 1812. Although Charles Dickens was not born during the time of the French Revolution, which is the time period his book, A Tale of Two Cites takes place in. He still infuses pieces of his life’s story into the characters and plot of A Tale of Two Cites. He shows similarities between himself and Jerry Cruncher. Dickens shows a few similarities between Dr. Manette and his own father. He also explains in detail the lives of the poor and the rich, in a way that only one who was once poor and rich can explain. Charles Dickens was born into a poor family, so when his father went to jail for debt, he had to get a job to help support his family. Jerry Cruncher, who is a character in Charles Dickens...
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...Chapter Two On the move My elementary school life was not enjoyable. I was always moving because of things like getting evicted. I had attended all but one elementary school here, that being Jefferson. I had even went to one in Arkansas. I didn't even go to that one for two months before I moved back here. Let's begin at kindergarten. I didn't go to it too often. My parents didn't care enough to make me go. I think I showed up for about 80 days out of the school year. I didn't bother me at all, I just say it as a free daycare. The days I did go was ok. I didn't like the whole learning idea. I somehow didn't get held back. This is the only grade I had stayed in one school. I did move houses a few times but never had to move schools. First...
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...Chapter 1 The author sets up the book immediately with an almost hopeless scene. The author describes the storm as though it were a plague, moving in and weathering the land. The people have to cover their mouths while outside to keep themselves safe. The author sets up the feeling of hopelessness for the farmers and their families. This storm is drying everything out, there will be nothing left, what will they do? At first I wondered who the main characters in this noel would be, but after reading the first chapter I could not find any. I believe that the first chapter is written to symbolize the thousands of people that had to struggle through this storm; the author did not want to narrow the story down to one family or one person right away. The author wanted to show the reader the many people whose fate was also changed. Chapters 2-3 These two chapters introduce the ideas of the working class and the corporations that are beginning to take over. Chapter two introduces us to the main character, Joad. When Joad meets the...
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...Trials * Enron was one of the worst companies who lied about everything * Employees had 70% of their Martha Stewart A sign of a new era in chapter 7 textbook. We are not going to be putting up with things now. IBM, chapter 8, p. * Why did ibm not have any women managers? Tradition of the corp was: Fired all the men and hired all women IBM isn t much better than any other company with regard to women. * Issue: whether or not we practice the ethics we learned: treat others how we want to be treated; do unto others as you would * Businesses are requiring a group of laws that state we are treat everyone equal. * The govt , the courts, are putting business people in jail who are practicing unethical behavior. Bernie Everrs (spelling): Do people like Bernie type people to get away with it? Yes Bernie went to jail. US Steel – CEO paid for people to take corporate jet places whereas people were asked to take a freeze for the next couple of years because they are running low on cash. The members were told they needed to take cuts while the CEO was taking trips etc. and living large at the expense of its employees Test Question: At least one on the ethical construct of business. First cut forest of PA a hundred years ago clear cut trees. President Taft passed law for Federal Forests. The company that cut all the wood and did not leave anything were unethical. In 100 years we now have more forests than we had even...
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...Licensed to: CengageBrain User Licensed to: CengageBrain User This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. The publisher reserves the right to remove content from this title at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. For valuable information on pricing, previous editions, changes to current editions, and alternate formats, please visit www.cengage.com/highered to search by ISBN#, author, title, or keyword for materials in your areas of interest. Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Licensed to: CengageBrain User Criminal Justice in Action, 7th Edition Larry K. Gaines and Roger LeRoy Miller © 2013 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not...
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...Chapter 1 The Problem and its Background Introduction A job is a piece of work or task that is assigned to a person with an agreed price or amount of salary. Having a stable job is one thing that every person strives for. It means having something that would help sustain not only the family’s basic needs for everyday life but also to secure one’s future. Unemployment is a stressful life event that can lead to financial difficulties, depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, and increased substance use. (Wanberg 1999). It results to emotional health problems due to depression and anxiety as well as low self esteem and lose of respect from other people due to the inability to support one’s self and his family. In order to be employed, one of the most common requirements of an employer or a business establishment is that a person applying for work should be of good moral character. In most cases, a job applicant is required to secure clearances from either the National Bureau of Investigation or the Philippine National Police. The clearances serve as certificate of good moral character and behavior. The clearance reveals if a person has a clean police record or if he/she has been already convicted of a crime. The employment situations of ex-convicts are a different story because the certificate secured from the said law enforcement agency reveals that the applicant has a bad record on file. Employers tend to reject people with a criminal record for...
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...Killing Lincoln Book Assignment PART I: Chapter 1 1. O’Reilly quotes that “nothing scares Lincoln more.” Lincoln is overwhelmed with wanting to heal and restore America that he tells Grant to offer Lee lenient surrender terms. Soldiers of the confederate army and horses will not be harmed. They will be return back home to their normal lives. Chapter 6-7 2. As Lincoln is coming into the harbor arriving in Richmond he begins to see sunken ships and torpedoes, this is only the beginning. When Lincoln arrived in Richmond he found the city burned to the ground. There was literally nothing left to the city. The damage to the city was not caused by the Union but by the people of Richmond. Upon Lincolns arrival in Richmond the people saw him as an enemy no more, but they showed no gesture or sign of welcoming the president. The people stood in complete silence as Lincoln towered over them. Chapter 15 3. The surrender at Appomattox Court House occurred on April 9, 1865. General Robert E. Lee arrives wearing a brand new uniform. Upon his arrival he sits and waits for General Ulysses S. Grant. He soon arrives wearing a private’s uniform that is missing a button. The two men shake hands, sit down and began discussing how they had met before. Lee changes the conversation to the point of their meeting. General Grant had thoughts earlier about making a historic general give up is army. General Grant writes terms of surrender simply being: “Put down your guns and go home.” Robert...
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...Chapter 1. In 1587 Eleanor Dare started a history of first New England’s female settlers. In XVI-XVII century it was characterized more with dismal end then with a story of prosperous life and happy ending. Coming to New World mostly in search for a good partner, as “tobacco brides” or being simply deported as undesirable citizens, women died from starvation, malaria or Indian attacks. Some women sailed across the ocean as indentured servants and suffered from the cruelty of their masters. There were, of course, stories of success such as with the Brent sisters. Unmarried, they ran Maryland colony during crises. Margaret Brent became to be known as the nation’s first lawyer and the first colonial woman who demanded the right to vote. Although, not being a settler, a young noble Indian women Pocahontas was a figure of no small importance. She not only provided struggling colonist with food, but also brought peace between settlers and Algonquin tribe by the act of marriage with John Rolfe. Although women didn’t hold office or vote, they played an active role in the South colonies. Sarah Drummond, Sarah Grendon and Lydia Chisman came to prominence during Bacon Rebellion as a strong rulers and advocates of their husbands. Male dominance began to weaken. Chapter 2. Women were legally vested a right to operate business and perform jobs such as merchants, printers and doctors, but were paid much less for performing the same duties as men. Ann Hutchinson, who opposed Puritan...
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...Chapter 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY A fraternity is an organization, formed chiefly for social purposes having secret rites and name consisting of Greek letters. Fraternities get a lot of bad publicity as with that hazing problems at many colleges and universities, but there is another side to fraternities that many people do not see. Fraternities do have plenty of social events, service projects and other school and community related events. There are several factors such as personal, social, emotional and community factors that influence students to join fraternities. In order to join a fraternity, a neophyte has to undergo different rites or servicing in order to be accepted. The frequent reason that students join fraternity is for brotherhood and a place to belong. A special bond is formed between fraternity brothers. They will be there and will do almost anything for each other. Whether these set of friends make or break the student’s academic career, maybe hard to differentiate if a member is having too much fun. It sometimes depends on the individuals on how they will handle their selves as they join fraternities. But regardless, a fraternity is like any other group: what you get out of it depends on who you are and how you handle it .The problem focused on the involvement population/students in fraternities. Presently, the school/community does not recognize the presence of fraternities in the campus/population and have implied rules concerning this matter. But then...
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...British states) Sare Decisis (Case Precedent) Chapter 1 Sources 1. Constitution (s) – 51 (States and Federal) 1.5 -- Treaty 2. Case Law 3. Legislature (s) – 51 4. Administrative – help in regulation (Federal, State, and Local level) Chapter 2 State Top Level – Supreme Court Middle Lever – Court of Appeals Lowest Level – Superior Court The only state where the Supreme Court is the lowest is New York Federal Top Level – Supreme Court Middle Level – Circuit Court Lowest Level – District Court Jurisdiction – the power of a court to hear a case The two bottom courts are trial courts and have original jurisdiction Top two have appellate jurisdiction. State jurisdiction 1. Subject –matter jurisdiction (apply to the CT) + (2-5 apply to the person you are suing) 2. Personal jurisdiction – domicile 3and4 relate to property 3. In Rem – dispute is about the property itself 4. Quasi in Rem – breach of contract (attach the prop to the dispute) 5. Long arm statute – minimum contact rule. Revenue 15% Example: purchased a toy from a biz in Indiana. Child got hurt and wants to sue the person. You can use the 5th rule. The judge will order and accounting and if the rev is equal to or higher than 15% the trail is heard in Cali if lower than the trail is heard in Indiana. Federal 1. Federal question – is a federal law an issue? Is a federal law violate? Federal property? Concerned with our federal city? 2. __Complete___ Diversity of Citizenship + $75...
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...Chapter 1: Reflect Passage Response “The veselija is a compact, a compact not expressed, but therefore only the more binding upon all. Everyone's share was different—and yet everyone knew perfectly well what his share was, and strove to give a little more. Now, however, since they had come to the new country, all this was changing; it seemed as if there must be some subtle poison in the air that one breathed here—it was affecting all the young men at once. They would come in crowds and fill themselves with a fine dinner, and then sneak off. One would throw another's hat out of the window, and both would go out to get it, and neither could be seen again.” I feel like it’s selfish to go to a wedding/veselija, dance around and enjoy the party, drink the beer being served, but then sneak off so you don’t have to pay. Its their special day, so the bride and groom shouldnt be the ones worrying about the financial situation. Chapter 2: Analyze Passage Response “A full hour before the party reached the city, they began to note the perplexing changes in the atmosphere. It grew darker all the time, and upon the earth the grass seemed to grow less green. Every minute, as the train sped on, the colors of things became dingier; the...
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...Introduction Crimes are broken down into felonies (serious offenses) and misdemeanors (lesser minor offenses), and while both may carry incarceration and fines, they also carry additional consequences that go beyond what most people know happens. While we strive to be a “more perfect nation” as the Constitution so eloquently describes America, we also have placed incredible burdens on our populace who has strayed from the path. Felonies and Misdemeanors When asked “what is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?” The probably most answered reply is “A felony is a crime in which the maximum sentence is punishable by more than a year in prison, a misdemeanor is a crime which the maximum punishment is up to a year in a jail.” While perfectly true, and factual, the consequences of both felonies and misdemeanors, are a little more encompassing. According to Black’s Law Dictionary a felony, at its simplest, is defined as “Generally an offense punishable by death or imprisonment in penitentiary” (Black, 1968). In most jurisdictions that definition is expanded to something that may read “a crime that carries a maximum punishment, of over one year in a penitentiary, death, or a fine of over $100,000.00”. Also according to Black’s a misdemeanor is, at its simplest defined as “Offenses lower than felonies and generally those punishable by fine or imprisonment otherwise than in penitentiary.” (Black, 1968). Capital offenses, which are the most grievous...
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