...Goal of Managerial Accounting http://edugen.wileyplus.com/edugen/courses/crs4637/rc/jiambalvo3341c... GOAL OF MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING LEARNING OBJECTIVE 1 State the primary goal of managerial accounting. Virtually all managers need to plan and control their operations and make a variety of decisions. The goal of managerial accounting is to provide the information they need for planning, control, and decision making. If your goal is to be an effective manager, a thorough understanding of managerial accounting is essential. Planning LEARNING OBJECTIVE 2 Describe how budgets are used in planning. Planning is a key activity for all companies. A plan communicates a company's goals to employees aiding coordination of various functions, such as sales and production.A plan also specifies the resources needed to achieve company goals. Budgets for Planning The financial plans prepared by managerial accountants are referred to as budgets. A wide variety of budgets may be prepared. For example, a profit budget indicates planned income, a cash-flow budget indicates planned cash inflows and outflows, and a production budget indicates the planned quantity of production and the expected costs. Consider the production budget for Surge Performance Beverage Company. In the coming year, the company plans to produce 5,000,000 12-ounce bottles. This amount is based on forecasted sales. To produce this volume, the company estimates it will spend $1,500,000 on bottles, $400,000...
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...Unit 1 Lecture This unit explores the general business environment, in the Prologue, and the reason for the existence of managerial accounting in Chapter 1. Managers are in need of information. Managerial accounting is the vehicle that satisfies that need. Without reasonable, valid, timely information companies will always be at a disadvantage when it comes to competing in the marketplace. Managers use the provided information to carry out three major activities: planning, directing and motivating, and controlling Planning involves the identification of alternative business plans. The plans that are most beneficial to the company should be reviewed and implemented if feasible. The implementation process involves budgets. Budgets are prepared under the direction of a controller, a manager in charge of the accounting department. Typically, budgets are prepared annually. We will learn more about budgets in chapter 7. Besides analyzing business alternatives managers must direct and motivate employees. As we know, unhappy, unguided employees can be detrimental to a business. I have worked for companies where one employee would stifle other employees to the point where he had to be fired. Productivity is paramount to profitability. In addition to managing personnel, managerial must keep the company running in an orderly fashion by analyzing daily sales reports, among other reports, to ensure there are no bottlenecks in production, falling sales within certain product...
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...Chapter 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Introduction The purpose of this study is to come-up a new product which is distinctive in a form that the proponents examined the concept of inventing and adding a new ingredient in making pizza which is instead of using beef, pepperoni, sausage and ham the proponents choose fish sardines (in tomato sauce) as the main ingredient of the product and this is called “pizza ala sardines”. Chapter one is designed to study the project background of the proponents about their chosen product including the history, brief description of the project which pertains to the proposed name of the business, kind of business being pursued, the members of the group which refers as the proponents with their individual share of capital and the planned location where the business will put-up and operate. Historical Background Pizza is one of the most favorite foods of many Filipino. They love to eat pizza with their family, friends and peers. It is considered the most popular meal in the world, and definitely one of the favorites in the Philippines. A “pizza” is a round, open pie made with yeast dough and topped with tomato sauce, cheese, and a variety of other ingredients. Flatbreads or rounds of dough with various toppings can be found throughout the history of civilization. What is known as pizza today can be traced to Naples, Italy in the middle Ages. The Italians are also credited with coining the term pizza, although its origin is not clear. It could have derived...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Technology – driven school reform has overcome education, and advocates hail the huge number of advantages to reap. It comes with promises to push us into the future and cause dramatic improvement in student proficiency and worldwide understanding. Our computer- driven society demands that students develop the ability to operate in a technological environment, acquiring the knowledge and skills necessary to be productive. In addition, so much of our planet rapidly is becoming connected via the Internet so that social protocol has become an intrinsic part of technology- based curriculum. But increasing reports connecting psychologically addictive characteristics to internet use, along with speculation of its negative influence on social functioning, have brought to question the enduring effects of its reform. Educational systems around the world are under increasing pressure to use the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to teach students the knowledge and skills they need in the 21st – century (UNESCO, 2002). Thus the key concern driving the policy and community interest in the pedagogical integration of ICT is the premise that ICT is important for beginning changes to classroom teaching and learning so as to foster the development of students’ 21st – century skills. Specifically, these skills include the capability to become lifelong learners with a context of collaborative...
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...chapter The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments The first several chapters of this text present the accounting and reporting for investment activities of businesses. The focus is on investments when one firm possesses either significant influence or control over another through ownership of voting shares. When one firm owns enough voting shares to be able to affect the decisions of another, accounting for the investment can become challenging and complex. The source of such complexities typically stems from the fact that transactions among the firms affiliated through ownership cannot be considered independent, arm’s-length transactions. As in many matters relating to financial reporting, we look to transactions with outside parties to provide a basis for accounting valuation. When firms are affiliated through a common set of owners, measurements that recognize the relationships among the firms help to provide objectivity in financial reporting. LO4 LO3 LO2 LO1 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe in general the various methods of accounting for an investment in equity shares of another company. Identify the sole criterion for applying the equity method of accounting and guidance in assessing whether the criterion is met. Prepare basic equity method journal entries for an investor and describe the financial reporting for equity method investments. Record the sale of an equity investment and identify the accounting...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEMS AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Computer addiction is a relatively new term used to describe a dependency on one's computer. Computer addiction is not limited to personal computers (PCs). It covers video games and the Internet and has already been given a label by psychologists, namely Internet Addiction Disorder(IAD). People can grow addicted to a variety of substances, and there is usually a substantial amount of help available to treat them. Alcohol, drugs and sex have all been known to bring out the addictive personality trait in some people, but other forms of addictive behaviour, such as exercise, watching television or spending too much time on a computer, have only recently been recognized. Computer addiction, like any addiction, can creep up on a person without one being aware of it. Talk shows are full of people whose relationships have been torn apart by one partner's computer addiction. Spending hours chatting online, surfing the web or playing computer games can cause relationships to deteriorate as other parts of a person’s life are neglected. http://www.studymode.com/essays/The-Effects-Of-Computer-Games-To-1171688.html Chapter 1 PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION When the internet was first created programmers from all over the world created different games that could be play over the internet. Internet games (also known as online games) are games that are played online via the Internet. They are distinct from video and computer...
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...ElysiumaazSAA Z: A Proposed Medical Health Care & Research Facility An Institutional Eacility that Emphasize on Hospital & Research Facility A Thesis Proposal Presented to the College of Architecture Adamson University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Architecture By Hadrian Paul Nituma Lacaba MARCH 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This section is to give credit to academic staff in your department and in other departments, institutions, organizations or companies, funding bodies, and individuals (Past students, Family *, Friends *) who have been of help during the project, for instance by supporting it financially or by giving feedback on the text during its composition and revising stages. Acknowledgements contain the following elements: * Full name of all individuals who are being thanked. * A brief statement as to what kind of help the writer has received from each individual, group of people, scholarship, etc. colleague * If you wish to acknowledge the help of family members or friends make sure you restrict the wording of your thanks to a relatively formal register. ABSTRACT This section is limited to 100-150 words (approximately 12-15 lines), singly spaced and must include at least four (4) keywords. Provide a brief overview of the proposal that gives a reader a basic understanding of your proposal and encourages her or him to read more...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction The environment may suffer when poverty is an issue with surrounding citizens. There are different areas to tackle depending on how you view the situation. Poverty deals with shortage of necessary things needed to live a healthy lifestyle. There can be a shortage of food, clean water, and other resources needed in order to maintain well-being of not just you and your loved ones, but how things in your environment are maintained. For some areas, it is likely poverty is present when buildings, homes, and other area structures look run down and old. Small and large cities have citizens that live in poverty and in most cases you can tell from the way the surrounding environment looks. If you think about a suburb there are homes and structures that are newly built with plush lawns and gardens. People in these areas likely earn a certain amount of money that allows them to maintain a good way of living. When enough money is earned it is also fair to say consumers are happy with their lifestyles while seeing them easier to maintain with a career they enjoy. They are more likely to exercise, eat healthy, and be more involved with what is going on in their environment. This may be different from an area with poverty. In areas where poverty is present you may not see as many homes and buildings with a new look. Many areas are often run down with old homes and buildings, with some literally falling apart and even with broken windows. Such areas may have higher...
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...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project is to improve the business plan of a company that make chocolate base gourmet. The main product of this company is the bird’s nest chocolate. This business has a potential in the market and can be commercialise worldwide. The objective of this project is to implement the strategic management into the company in order to increase the sales of company. This study will also be helping the company to have a better management in the future. The scope of the study is to implement the strategic management to the company business plan, to study the function of strategic management in the business plan, to validate the advantage of using strategic management. Our methodology is using the strategic management procedure that has a corporate level, business level and functional level. From the data collected we summarize that the strategic management that we can use to improve this company is using the concentrated corporate level strategic and using the horizontal integration method. We can analyse that this method will have significant impact on the business. We also try to overcome the weakness and threat that we obtain from the business plan that we analyse. By using horizontal integration we try to join venture with Cadbury chocolate company to build a well-known product because Cadbury has producing the chocolate gourmet for a long time and has been known for its delicious chocolate. 1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the strategic management...
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...Q) Amcott Loses $3.5 Million; Manager Fired. Do you know why Ralph was fired? Answer: Assuming there were no other costs associated with the project, the project’s net present value to Amcott of purchasing Magicword was; PV = 7,000,000 + 7,000,000 + 7,000,000 - 20,000,000 (1+0.07)1 (1+0.07)2 (1+0.07)3 PV = - $ 1,629,788 This means that Ralph should have expected Amcott to lose over $1.6 million by purchasing Magicword. Ralph was not fired because of the mistakes of the company’s legal department but for his managerial incompetences. Q2) What is the maximum amount you would pay for an asset that generates an income of $150,000 at the end of each of five years if the opportunity cost of using funds is 9 percent? Solution: PV = 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 (1+0.09)1 (1+0.09)2 (1+0.09)3 (1+0.09)4 (1+0.09)5 PV = 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 + 150,000 1.09 1.1881 1.2950 1.4115 1.5386 PV = 137,614.67 + 126,251.99 + 115,830.11 + 106,269.92 + 97,491.22 PV = $ 583,457.91 Q12) Tara is considering leaving her current job, which pays $56,000 per year, to start a new company that manufactures a line of special pens for personal digital assistants. Based on market research, she can sell about...
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...International Business Management Chapter Two Understanding the Role of Culture __________________________________________________ What is meant by the culture of society, and why is it important for international managers to understand it? What is meant by the culture of society, Explain how culture affects all aspects of international management? Culture A set of shared values, understandings, assumptions, and goals that are learned from earlier generations, imposed by present members of a society, and passed on to succeeding generations. A critical skill for managing people and processes in other countries is cultural savvy that is, a working knowledge of the cultural variables affecting management decisions. Managers have often seriously underestimated the significance of cultural factors. According to numerous accounts, many blunders made in international operations can be attributed to a lack of cultural sensitivity. Examples abound. Scott Russell, senior vice president for human resources at Cendant Mobility in Danbury, Connecticut, recounts the following An American company in Japan charged its Japanese HR manager with reducing the workforce. The Japanese manager studied the issue but couldn’t find a solution within cultural Japanese parameters; so when he came back to the Americans, he reduced the workforce by resigning—which was not what they wanted.. Cultural sensitivity, or cultural empathy, is an awareness and an honest caring about another...
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...MKTG MKTG ADDENDUM TO CHAPTER 2: COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS It is nice to have valid competition; it pushes you to do better. – Gianni Versace (Fashion Designer) 1 Developing a Framework for Competitive Analysis Before developing a marketing strategy, a firm needs to complete an external analysis, looking at social, demographic, economic, technological, political/legal and competitive factors, as outlined in Chapter 2. As the textbook states on page 26, management has little control over the competitive environment in regards to what is faced by a firm. This does not imply, however, that the analysis of competition is a fruitless activity. In fact, understanding the actions of competitors can be a key component in developing a company’s own strategies. If a company is to develop a competitive advantage that will form the basis of any strategy, it must first understand the competitive environment in which it can create such an advantage (called Competitor Analysis). Then, it must understand the product choices currently available to potential customers (called Competing Products Analysis). Competitor Analysis First, a company must understand the types of competition it will face. In order to find the current and potential competitors in a marketplace, a firm must be able to differentiate the various types of competition: direct and indirect. Direct competitors are those branded or product-based competitors that have created direct substitutes to what a company is offering...
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...Chapter 1 introduces you to economics—the social science that studies how individuals, institutions, and society make the optimal best choices under conditions of scarcity. The first section of the chapter describes the three key features of the economic perspective. This perspective first recognizes that all choices involve costs and that these costs must be involved in an economic decision. The economic perspective also incorporates the view that to achieve a goal, people make decisions that reflect their purposeful self-interest. The third feature considers that people compare marginal benefits against marginal costs when making decisions and will choose the situation where the marginal benefit is greater than the marginal cost. You will develop a better understanding of these features as you read about the economic issues in this book. Economics relies heavily on the scientific method to develop theories and principles to explain the likely effects from human events and behavior. It involves gathering data, testing hypotheses, and developing theories and principles. In essence, economic theories and principles (and related terms such as laws and models) are generalizations about how the economic world works. Economists develop economic theories and principles at two levels. Microeconomics targets specific units in the economy. Studies at this level research such questions as how prices and output are determined for particular products and how consumers will react to price...
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...1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Inventory management is an essential part in any businesses not minding the size and nature of the business. Inventory management provides critical information about the condition of products, such as whether you are low on stock and your inventory needs to be replenished. Doing inventory via manual recording is not only time-consuming but is also less accurate in producing results thus, the development of Automated Inventory Systems. Automated systems can replace the cost and time consuming processes that were once completed by hand while providing companies with more accurate data. Inventory Management System has proven to be of great importance in the development and inward progress of many organizations. The development of Automated Inventory Systems has evolved from desktop-based networked applications to web-based applications. Having it web-based minimized the cost of operations and enables users to access the system anytime and anywhere. It also enables several more limited users to view availability of products without the need to go to the establishments. Several inventory systems have been developed to cater needs of respective organizations like academic institutions. Inventory systems in such an institution are important because facilities play vital role in education and tracking these is important to avoid loss thus minimizing the expenses in procuring lost materials. These proprietary inventory systems, web-based or desktop-based...
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...Question 1 (1.7) To what extent are the following computer systems instances of artificial intelligence: Supermarket bar code scanners. Voice-activated telephone menus. Spelling and grammar correction features in Microsoft Word. Internet routing algorithms that respond dynamically to the state of the network. Question 2 (1.11) “Surely computers cannot be intelligent—they can do only what their programmers tell them.” Is the latter statement true, and does it imply the former? Question 3 (2.6) This exercise explores the differences between agent functions and agent programs. Can there be more than one agent program that implements a given agent function? Are there agent functions that cannot be implemented by any agent program? Given a fixed machine architecture, does each agent program implement exactly one agent function? Given an architecture with n bits of storage, how many different possible agent programs are there? Suppose we keep the agent program fixed but speed up the machine by a factor of two. Does that change the agent function? Question 4 (2.11) Consider a modified version of the vacuum environment presented in class, in which the geography of the environment—its extent, boundaries, and obstacles—is unknown, as is the initial dirt configuration. (The agent can go Up and Down as well as Left and Right.) Can a simple reflex agent be perfectly rational for this environment? Explain. Can a simple reflex agent with a randomized agent function outperform...
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