...Running Head: PERSONALIZED MEDICINE PERSONALIZED MEDICINE Margaret Barnes SCl115-Introduction to Biology November 07, 2012 PERSONALIZED MEDICINE Personalized Medicine and Modern Genetics Technology: “Introduction” In today’s world DNA sequences are frequently and constantly improving, modern instruments can analyze DNA by the millions within a twenty-four hour period (Mader, 2010, P.178). Because of technology, these instruments have been made available now and in the future for the use of personalized medicinal products. This paper provides an overview of how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine, and to give examples two or more specific benefits of personalized medicine: a discussion of its drawbacks and limitations of the approach to human medicine. “Modern Genetic Technology and Personalized Medicine” Modern technology is constantly growing in our world, for us to understand how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine and the importance personalized medicine. Personalized medicine is the tailoring of medical treatment for an individual with the unique characteristics for each patient. This approach is a scientific...
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...making it possible for medicinal products to become personalized. In this paper I will be explaining how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine; discussing the benefits of personalized medicine; and discussing the drawbacks and limitations of personalized medicine. Explanation of how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine. In order to understand how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine, we need to first understand what personalized medicine is. Personalized medicine is the ability to determine an individual’s unique molecular characteristics and to use those genetic distinctions to diagnose more finely individual’s disease, select treatments that increase the chances of a successful outcome and reduce possible adverse reactions. Personalized medicine is also the ability to predict an individual’s susceptibility to diseases and thus to try to shape steps that may help to avoid or reduce the extent to which an individual will experience a disease. With that being said, the advancement in technology has made it possible for doctors and geneticists use a person’s DNA to find out what kinds of diseases are in their future; thus making it possible for them to make a stepping stone to prevent them. “The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 opened the door for better understanding of genetic components of disease that will shape the future practice of medicine. The Human Genome Project detailed the map of our...
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...PERSONALIZED MEDICINE Introduction to Biology Professor Thomas Green LaKeyla Garrett Explanation of how modern genetic technology may lead to personalized medicine. By using DNA technologies such as stem cell research and cloning manipulate human genes. Patients with common disease genetic abnormalities and even spinal injuries may use genetic technology to create personal medicine that may be able to improve and prolong life. An individual risk for common disease would be determined by a genetic profile created from this technology. To create a medical profile tailored to specific DNA characteristics of each patient doctors may use modern genetic technology. The genetic profile would determine treatment and/or preventative care according the effects of a particular disease or patient’s reaction to a certain medical treatments. Discuss the benefits of personalized medicine. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in some cancers can be provided by personalized medicine. The use of personalized medicine will allow doctors to develop a more precise treatment based on each patients modern genetic technology because cancer is such a complex disease and effects each individual differently. Genetic diseases affect an estimated 12 million Americans, yet according to a survey of 1,000 people conducted by the Genetic Disease Foundation (GDF), while two-thirds of those surveyed were willing to and saw the benefits of undergoing genetic testing, close to 80 percent had never...
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...In reviewing the financial performance of PetMed Express: The annual report of 2008 of the company describes that the company the company net income and profitability high. The revenue of the company was $10 million in 2001 and it has been reached at $108.4 million in 2005. That was a skyrocketed performance of the firm (PetMed Express (PETS), 2006). At the end of fiscal year 2008, net income of the company is $20,022,231 (PetMed Express: 2008 Annual Report, 2009). The accounting policies of the company are also critical and effective. This is the balancing loop of the organization, because it helps the management to make a balance among all the strategies and programs (PetMed Express: Our Company, 2009). Selecting this balancing feedback loop is to explain the effective strategies of the company to provide safe and quality services and products to the clients within reasonable cost. This feedback loop has been selected because it demonstrates the controlling or balancing action on the part of the organization. Reinforcing feedback loops can be describes as those loops, which amplify the feedback of the organizational output to make the inputs stronger (Galbraith, 1999). The present structure of the pharmaceutical company, in which PetMed is operating, rest on the following feedback loops. R&D investments are the main source of intellectual property and patents. Patents offer a legal barrier to entry to competition, which permits the firm to completely extract the high...
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...mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Article Emerging Patient-Driven Health Care Models: An Examination of Health Social Networks, Consumer Personalized Medicine and Quantified Self-Tracking Melanie Swan * Research Associate, MS Futures Group, P.O. Box 61258, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: m@melanieswan.com; Tel.: +1-415505-4426; Fax: +1-504-910-3803 Received: 9 January 2009 / Accepted: 2 February 2009 / Published: 5 February 2009 Abstract: A new class of patient-driven health care services is emerging to supplement and extend traditional health care delivery models and empower patient self-care. Patient-driven health care can be characterized as having an increased level of information flow, transparency, customization, collaboration and patient choice and responsibility-taking, as well as quantitative, predictive and preventive aspects. The potential exists to both improve traditional health care systems and expand the concept of health care though new services. This paper examines three categories of novel health services: health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Keywords: Patient-driven health care; health social networks; personalized medicine; quantified self-tracking; health care delivery; predictive health care; preventive health care; long-tail medicine; Internet; open source. 1. Introduction The life sciences field is advancing and changing in nearly every dimension, both content-wise...
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...Cultural Heritage assessment Culture is defined as, “the behaviors and beliefs characteristics of a particular society, or ethnic group, which differentiate one society or ethnic group from another”. Heritage assessment is an important step which helps the health care professionals to be client-centered and cross-culturally competent. Cultural/heritage assessment will help health care providers to know the traditional health care methods used to protect, maintain, and restore health and give more personalized care. Cultural competency will help health care provider to respect the underlying personal and cultural values of clients. Nurses will be able to give more culturally competent care when they identify and use cultural norms, values, and time patterns in their interpretation of assessment information (Andrews & Boyle, 2008). There are different assessment tools to collect information about different cultures which help the health care provider to become culturally competent. The greater number of positive responses shows the person’s identification with his/her traditional heritage. Heritage assessment tools also helps nurses to identify own beliefs and attitudes and how it influence in providing care. This will help nurses to avoid judging and help to give more personalized care depend on the cultural background of her clients. Each culture has its own values and beliefs which help in defining health and illness for the particular ethnic group and subgroups. When taking...
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...unique characteristic of stem cells is that under certain physiological conditions they can be induced a tissue or organ specified cell with special...
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...wearer. The basic idea for an extra skeletal lower-limb support system can be traced back to the 1890’s. However, it wasn't until 1971 - with the birth of General Electric’s Hardiman - that the premise was modernized with the incorporation of electrically powered components (Dollar, 2008). Later still was the eventual repurposing of the exoskeleton for lower limb assistance as it is still being pursued today. These latest designs have the potential to help people with simple injuries, complex nerve damage or even permanent paralysis. Current exoskeletons are designed specifically to the patient for the best replication of natural movements. The effort put into exoskeletons also helps play into the grand engineering challenges of personalized medicine. Each exoskeleton is custom built for each patient which greatly improves the overall functionality of the exoskeleton. It also creates a smaller learning curve for the patient because the fit allows the exoskeleton to act like it is part of the body. Background: Exoskeletons designed for rehabilitation are devices made to assist people with some kind of condition or injury that makes them unable to or gives them trouble with basics tasks, such as sitting, standing, and walking up and down steps (Bogue, 424). These devices use an assortment of methods, including but not limited to using the motion of the foot, predicting the movement of the joints, and developing a system to mimic the job of the muscles, to assist people with these...
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...Human Testing ethical? Human testing was established to allow scientist to create medicine that is safe for mankind, and everyday products. Human testing helps scientists to study human anatomy and to understand it, for the most part. According to Juengst in “Genetic Testing and Screening”, The more you try to understand genes the more complicated it can get (Juengst 5). The author is explaining on how advanced the human body can truly be. Human testing doesn't sound that bad, right? Well what if someone told you that human testing was being demonstrated on men, women and even children, without their consent? Human testing is not only ethical but also vital to the environment and for survival. Human testing is the study of human genetics...
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...not… 2. There are nearly twenty-three million people in the United States who have been diagnosed with diabetes. a) Nearly six million people are unaware that they are suffering from the disease. Diabetes is a common illness that has no known cure. b) Diabetes can become fatal if left untreated therefore, is important to understand the risk factors, symptoms and causes of diabetes . 3. For nearly two thousand years diabetes has been recognized as a deadly disease. In the early seventeenth century a doctor would diagnosis a person with diabetes by tasting their urine. a) If the urine had a sweet taste, you were diagnosed with diabetes. Thank the Gods we’ve come so far, cause we’d have a significant lower numbers of Grads going on into medicine. b) Anyone can develop diabetes too. Poor diet and lack of exercise can contribute to many different health problems for you, but what about your gene pool? (Body) What leads to diabetes? Type 1 1. There are two types of diabetes common among us with many causes (Type 1 diabetes is more common in Americans then Type 2). a. Common symptoms high...
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...A review paper published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal provides a summary of the current understanding of ASD and suggests a comprehensive set of guidelines on best practices for detection, diagnosis and treatment for children with autism based on the currently available evidence randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews. - See more at: "We have come to understand ASD as a remarkably heterogeneous constellation of conditions that covary with other disabilities and disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disorders) and various medical problems," writes Dr. Stephen Scherer, senior scientist and director of The Centre for Applied Genomics at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and director of the McLaughlin Centre at the University of Toronto, with coauthors. "Recent discoveries of underlying genomic factors have shown great complexity and implicate various networks of causal factors." ASD, which includes a variety of traits that range from mild to severe, is estimated to affect about 1% of the population, although it is under-recognized in the developing world. The review, by specialists in pediatrics, psychiatry, epidemiology, neurology and genetics from across Canada, outlines the current understanding of ASD and best practices for pediatricians, family doctors and specialist clinics, and identifies resources for clinicians. Topics include: What causes autism? The causes are thought to be multi-factorial: genetic...
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...institutions, a participant observational study, he constructed the framework for defining social situations as total institutions. In his essay, “Characteristics of Total Institutions,” Goffman discusses the totalistic features as well as the mortification processes that effect members of the institution. While this concept has been used by many researchers and writers, it lacks scientific methods and measurements of data collection and may contain biases. However, this does not discredit Goffman’s model but...
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...Family Nurse Practitioner Melissa Rodden South University NSG 5000 Role of Advanced Practice Nurse: Family Nurse Practitioner April 18, 2015 Abstract The issues of patient safety and the increasing scope of family nurse practitioners in medical practice have been dealt with in this paper. National Patient Safety Guidelines are an important tool to help standardize the patient safety procedures. The role of the family nurse practitioner in helping patients is unquestionable and they are the cornerstones of modern medical practice. Introduction Today’s family nurse comes with in depth knowledge of medicine and is board certified. The responsibilities that have to be fulfilled by such a practitioner embrace health as a way of living and they focus on both treatment and prevention. In recent times, with transitional care gaining widespread acceptance the family nurse practitioner is being granted more decision-making authority although in certain states they are still under a physician’s supervision. The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSGs) were put forward by the joint commission for the first time in 2002. The aim of introducing these goals was to deal with patient safety issues and specify certain prerequisites for accreditation (Fairman et al., 2011). Discussion The 2015 NPSG’s provide great scope for a family nurse practitioner to...
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...A Proposal to Research about Home Health Care Systems for Chronic Disease Management based on Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) Principles Introduction The time patients spend in clinical institutions has become significantly shorter. There was a shift from hospitalization to home health care for chronic diseases management in the U.S. einmid-1980s due to the employment growth (Carayon, 2011, p.743). According to the 2010 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the employment growth in hospitals is expected to be 10% while employment in smaller home health services is expected to grow at a rate of 46% (cited inCarayon, 2011, p.743). At the same time, chronic diseases, which can only be controlled but not cured at current level of medical research, are making greatly negative impacts on the society. About half of the adults in the U.S. suffer from at least one chronic illness such asdiabetes, asthma and a range of disabling neurological conditions (Haddad &Chetty, 2012, p. 285), and about 70% of the deaths in the U.S. can be account of chronic diseases (CDC, 2012).Because of the shortage medical staff at hospitals and clinics, and the long term care requirement of chronic disease patients, home health care is regardedas the best option to manage patients’ health. A home healthcare system typically consists of patients, medical contact centers and medical staff. Medical Contact Centers (MCCs) perform as the communication link between medical staff and patients with chronic...
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...TANSCULTURAL NURSING SUBMITTED BY: HARUNA ABDULLAHI IBRAHIM, MSC. NURSING (1ST YEAR), GARDEN CITY COLLEGE OF NURSING. SUBMITTED ON: 13TH AUGUST, 2012 I. INTRODUCTION: In the health care delivery system, as in the society, nurses interact with people of similar as well as diverse backgrounds having different frames of references and varied preferences regarding their health and health needs. In the provision of care, nurses must acknowledge, respect and adapt the cultural needs of those patients and their significant others through identifying the differences between cultural groups that require health care providers to identify culture specific health and illness practices and caring behaviours that transcend cultural groups and appear to be universal care practices to enable the provision of care that is holistic, effective and culturally competent. The field of transcultural nursing which was pioneered by Madelein Leininger in 1975 represent a shift from the biophysiological and psychological models that dominated nursing in the 1950s as it advocates the recognition of each individual as a social being and must be handled as unique entity having cultural beliefs, norms, values and customs that influence his or her life in all ramifications including health, illness and treatment. Leininger, who was considered the leader and initiator in the field of transcultural nursing, postulated the theory of “diversity and universality of...
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