...Automatic Model Checking of State Machines A seminar report submitted to MANIPAL UNIVERSITY For Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of the Degree of Master of Technology in Software Engineering by Anusha A Reg. No. 130928001 February 2014 Abstract The idea of Model Driven Development (MDD) is to specify requirements of systems in a formal (usually graphical) notation. UML is the initial and dominant modelling phase in software engineering arena. If errors are occurring in this phase of software development itself, it will cost a lot. Hence it is crucial to detect model level errors in the initial phase rather than later stages of software development. An approach to automatically verifying models composed of UML state machines. This approach helps in checking safety/liveness, properties, trace refinement, relationships and so on with the help of PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) and CSP (communicating sequential programs). 1 1 1.1 Introduction State Machines The concepts behind state machines are about organizing the way a device, computer program, or other (often technical) process works such that an entity or each of its sub-entities is always in exactly one of a number of possible states and where there are well-defined conditional transitions between these states. The UML state diagrams are directed graphs in which nodes denote states and connectors denote state transitions. In UML, states are represented as rounded rectangles labeled...
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...Calamansi: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calamondin Citrofortunella microcarpa, the calamondin or calamansi, is a fruit tree in the family Rutaceae native Asia. Other English language common names include calamonding, calamandarin, golden lime, Panama orange, Chinese orange, acid orange. Its cultivation has spread throughout Southeast Asia, India, Hawaii, the West Indies, and Central and North America. The plant is characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that is divided into sections. The fruit is indigenous and widely cultivated in the Philippines (Tagalog: calamansi or kalamansî [kɐlɐmɐnˈsɪʔ]; Visayan: limonsito or simuyaw [sɪˈmujɐw]), Malaysia (Also known as limau kasturi) and neighboring northern parts of Indonesia. It is available year-round in the Philippines and is usually seen in its unripened green state. When left to ripen it turns a tangerine orange. http://www.examiner.com/article/calamansi-a-great-citrus-fruit-to-know-and-grow Calamansi, calamondin, Philippine lime – this versatile citrus fruit is the secret ingredient to many mouthwatering Filipino delicacies such as pancit palabok, Leytekinilaw, beefsteak Tagalog, and arroz caldo. One of the most basic Filipino dipping sauces is made with soy sauce and calamansi juice, called toyomansi; and a simple, yet flavorful marinade is a blend of soy sauce, calamansi juice, vinegar, pepper, and garlic. While...
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...TURKEY SLIDERS WITH CHIPOTLE TARTAR SAUCE - Tr... http://www.traegergrills.com/recipes/print/146 TURKEY SLIDERS WITH CHIPOTLE TARTAR SAUCE RECIPE INGREDIENTS 1 cup(s) mayonnaise (for tartar sauce) 2 green onions (scallions), trimmed and minced (for tartar sauce) 2 pickle relish (for tartar sauce) 1/2-‐1 minced canned chipotle chile, plus 1 teaspoon of the adobo sauce (for tartar sauce) 1 teaspoon(s) Traeger Pork and Poultry Rub (for tartar sauce) 3 tablespoon(s) mayonnaise 2 tablespoon(s) milk 2 tablespoon(s) finely minced onion 1-‐1/2 teaspoon(s) Traeger Pork and Poultry Rub 1/2 cup(s) fresh bread crumbs (not dried) 12 sesame slider buns or small dinner rolls 1 of 3 11/11/12 11:06 AM TURKEY SLIDERS WITH CHIPOTLE TARTAR SAUCE - Tr... http://www.traegergrills.com/recipes/print/146 1/8 Thinly sliced plum tomatoes, thinly sliced red onion, fresh leaf leCuce or arugula, for serving 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce 2 teaspoons Dijon-‐style mustard PREPARATION Make the Chipotle Tartar Sauce: In a small mixing bowl, combine the mayonnaise, green onion, pickle relish, chipotle chile, adobo sauce, ...
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...‘Slain woman with rose tattoo naked in holiday home rural retreat murder’ the headline screamed. Alice scooped up the national newspaper from the mat behind the front door, turned, looped her hands behind her husband’s neck and pulled him down to her for a goodbye kiss. There wasn’t much space in their tiny semi-detached hall and although he avoided the bodily contact she engineered as he squeezed past her and out of the door. It was a daily tease that Alice enjoyed. Alice watched him disappear down the road towards the railway station where he would catch the same train he caught every working day to the same office with the same people. She waved cheerfully, knowing he wouldn’t be looking – because he never did. The front door clicked closed behind her an she walked into the kitchen with quick tiny steps. Deftly, she clicked the switch to boil the kettle, pulled out a chair from behind the kitchen table, patted her too light curly fair hair, pursed her lips and read on. ‘Police have no leads in holiday home murder and fear now stalks the pretty valley where this attractive woman lost her life.’ Alice usually avoided sensational stories about murders. In her opinion, they were profiting from someone else’s grief. These stories offered little for the reader. They were usually repetitive and almost always lacked meaningful detail. But this one was different. The tattoo and the victim’s name reminded her of a friend she had known in school. ‘Estelle’...
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...Strodtbeck High School Social Studies Reading list Buchanan, Patrick J. Churchill, Hitler and The Unnecessary War. Available for purchase on Amazon.com (http://www.amazon.com/Churchill-Hitler-Unnecessary-War-Britain/dp/030740515X). Buchanan investigates the facts that led to WWII going back to European conflicts during the 19th Century. Useful for U.S. History, World History, Government, Economics. Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. 1859. Available at The Literature Network (http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/twocities/). A comparison of London and Paris during the era of the French Revolution. Useful for World History. Dickens, Charles. Oliver Twist. 1838. Available on The Literature Network (http://www.online-literature.com/dickens/olivertwist/). A view of life in London during the Industrial Revolution. Useful for World History, American History, Economics, Government. Dumas, Alexandre. The Count of Monte Cristo—Unabridged. 1844. Available at the Gutenberg Project (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1184/1184-h/1184-h.htm). This book provides significant insight into French culture, political and class rivalries that resulted from the French Revolution. Useful for World History. DiLorenzo, Thomas. The Real Lincoln. 2002. Available for purchase on Amazon.com (http://www.amazon.com/Real-Lincoln-Abraham-Agenda-Unnecessary/dp/0761536418). An investigation of the documented history of Lincoln's rise to the presidency and his conduct of...
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...Life, Death, and the Critical Transition: Finding Liveness Bugs in Systems Code Charles Killian, James W. Anderson, Ranjit Jhala, and Amin Vahdat University of California San Diego {ckillian,jwanderson,jhala,vahdat}@cs.ucsd.edu Abstract finding bugs with model checking currently requires the programmer to have intimate knowledge of the low-level Modern software model checkers find safety violations: actions or conditions that could result in system failure. breaches where the system has entered some bad state. For We contend that for complex systems the desirable bemany environments however, particularly complex con- haviors of the system may be specified more easily than current and distributed systems, we argue that liveness identifying everything that could go wrong. Of course, properties are both more natural to specify and more im- specifying both desirable conditions and safety assertions portant to check. Liveness conditions specify desirable is valuable; however, current model checkers do not have system conditions in the limit, with the expectation that any mechanism for verifying whether desirable system they will be temporarily violated, perhaps as a result of properties can be achieved. Examples of such properties failure or during system initialization. include: i) a reliable transport eventually delivers all mesExisting software model checkers cannot verify live- sages even in the face of network losses and delays, ii) all ness because doing so...
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...The History of the Checking System “Checking accounts are used every day by millions of people. However, many people today do not realize that while they are taking this financial instrument for granted, it was not always a part of banking.” (Woodards) Just as Chris Woodards stated, I was one of those individuals that were taking the checking system for granted, that was until I started to do this research. As I was reading information about the history of the banking system and the checking accounts and check, I really did not know that there was so much information to the history of checking. I just thought that it was something that everyone did or has done forever, not ever paying attention to it. I knew of it just being a part of everyday life, especially as I was growing up. For buyers, checks are a more convenient, secure, and verifiable payments instrument as long as they have the funds in their account to cover the check so it does not get a stamp of “Non-Sufficient Funds.” Before the break out of the Civil War, banknotes and bills of exchange were used extensively; they remained competitive with the deposit accounts. Once the war broke out, congress passed legislation that was known as the National Banking Act. These were the two acts that established the banking system in the United States as we know, and they were the National Banking Acts of 1863 (originally known as the National Currency Act) and the National Banking Act of 1864, this new act was in...
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...Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check Check...
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...Just Checking has been a book focused on a woman and her span life. However this woman is the author of the book, the book talks about her childhood, until her adulthood. When I first saw this book, I flip the pages through to see how big were the letters and things like that. Notably the primary thing I noticed is that the book it's divided into so many little stories about Emily's life. In view of this I thought that it would be an interesting book to read about it. In the book, there are so many episodes of her life. Importantly it seems that her life is full of anxieties, insecurities moments but also she always adds confidently and humor. Notwithstanding a short summary of this book would be that Emily Colas from the begging of the book express how her day-to-day was. How she saw the world. As well as the first episode explained how every time she talked to people she could measure how she felt and how she reacted with the person she talked to by rating with...
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...Encounter® Conformal® Equivalence Checking Reference Manual Conformal ASIC, Conformal Ultra, and Conformal Custom Product Version 9.1 October 2009 © 1997– 2009 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Cadence Design Systems, Inc., 2655 Seely Avenue, San Jose, CA 95134, USA Trademarks: Trademarks and service marks of Cadence Design Systems, Inc. (Cadence) contained in this document are attributed to Cadence with the appropriate symbol. For queries regarding Cadence’s trademarks, contact the corporate legal department at the address shown above or call 800.862.4522. Open SystemC, Open SystemC Initiative, OSCI, SystemC, and SystemC Initiative are trademarks or registered trademarks of Open SystemC Initiative, Inc. in the United States and other countries and are used with permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders. Restricted Print Permission: This publication is protected by copyright and any unauthorized use of this publication may violate copyright, trademark, and other laws. Except as specified in this permission statement, this publication may not be copied, reproduced, modified, published, uploaded, posted, transmitted, or distributed in any way, without prior written permission from Cadence. This statement grants you permission to print one (1) hard copy of this publication subject to the following conditions: 1. The publication may be used solely for personal, informational, and noncommercial...
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...Brake checking is the practice of hitting the brakes to make a tailgater increase their following distance. Drivers often use brake checking as a kind of counter-measure against aggressive drivers or as a means of retaliation. Regardless of the reason, brake checking is aggressive driving, and not only endangers the tailgater, but other motorists as well. It could potentially trigger a pileup crash, especially in wet or foggy conditions. The tailgater could be a distracted driver with their family in the car. Perhaps the driver is a mother dealing with a child in the back seat. Sometimes people tailgate because of a legitimate emergency and desperately need to get ahead. This is why brake checking is unacceptable and could land the...
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... People have become overly dependent on technology. Thirty years ago people used dictionaries to check for spelling errors when writing a paper. Today, people rely on spell check and grammar check to prevent errors. Sadly,, it is not only spell check that people have become dependent on. Most people will quickly reach for their phone to do simple calculations of tax and tips when they are out making purchases. What is even more depressing, is to know how any people will use technology to find their way around town. More people know how to “google” a location than how to use a map to get from one location to another. It scares me to think of how the general public would find their way across the country given a paper map rather than a smart phone. Most people have access to a computer with microsfot word or a similar program installed. With the computer programs their come the availability of tools that will check your spelling, word count, grammar and countless other things that will cause your readling level of yourpaper to either increase or decrease. Most people have grown accustomed to knowing that if they do not see the little red line beneath the word they have typed, that it is spelled correctly. With this latest tool it has become less important to know how to spell words. Now, all we need is to know a spelling that is close and the program that we are using to write our papers will find the word that we were trying to spell. No longer is it important to...
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...THE USE OF IMPULSE ACTIONS AT CHECKING FOR SHORT CIRCUITS IN ROTOR TURBINE. \ Abstract: Unbalanced magnetic attraction of the rotor and its uneven heating is caused by coil short circuit in the rotor winding, which causes its bending. These processes increase the vibration due to the composing reverse speed. The damage of the coil isolation can be caused both by the movement of the windings in the slot and the displacement of insulating spacers between the turns of the rotor coils. Keywords: Rotor, turbine, impulse action, short circuits. 1. Introduction The coil short circuit remained insignificant for a long time unless due to thermal imbalance it caused the shift of the vibration level. For a long time turbogenerators (up to 120 MWh) in most of power systems worked with coil short circuit in the rotor, some coil shorts were detected just by advanced methods. But after the invention 800 MWh turbo-generators and higher coil short circuits detection became essential due to the large loss during the possible outage in power supply caused by coil short circuit. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to develop the interturn insulation field winding control procedures using the impulse actions. This method is more efficient comparing to the traditional method, which is associated with the time consumption and application complexity in an emergency. 2. Schematic diagram of the diagnostic tests Schematic diagram of the diagnostic tests for the methods associated...
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...'The House of Lords is now more effective than the House of Commons in checking government power'. Discuss In theory the House of Commons is the dominant chamber as it is elected while the House of Lords plays more of a revising role, issues to be considered include the powers of each chambers, the fact the House of Lords is more independently minded and the impact of the whips. It will ultimately be argued that the House of Commons remains far more effective due to having greater powers in checking the government power. Firstly, the House of Commons has the ultimate check on government power via a vote of no confidence, this last happened in 1979 when Margaret Thatcher was able to be elected due to the Labour government's failure. The vote of no confidence allows the House of Commons to directly confront the government which creates a mutual respect between the government and the House of Commons as they can get rid of a government if they believe the government is failing to use its power correctly and effectively. Also, only the House of Commons has the power to reject legislation compared to the House of Lords which can only suspend the legislation for a maximum of 2 years. For example, in 2001 the House of Lords voted 317-68 against a fox hunting ban, and in 2004 they again threw out the plans for a complete ban, however in November 2004 the parliamentary act was invoked and the bill came into force in 2005. However, the fact the House of Lords is more independently...
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...Powers of House of Commons and the House of Lords The House of Commons has, theoretically, a massive amount of formal power. It has a sovereign legislature, and can make, amend or un-make any law it wishes, and can be only delayed by the House of Lords. Can remove the government of the day in a vote of confidence. E.g. 1979 vote of no confidence in James Callaghan's Labour government. However, in reality it has only a limited influence over legislation due to executive domination of the House of Commons: the Westminster voting system offers the government majority control over the Commons and the party discipline system allows ministers to control backbenchers. Formal mechanisms to ensure accountability like Question Time and select committees are often relatively weak. But, declining levels of party unity have led to more independent, educated and assertive backbenchers, who are able to exert a greater influence. E.g. Conservative backbench rebellion 2011 on having an EU membership referendum, where a massive 81 conservative MPs voted for having it. However, counterbalancing this is a growing trend for landslide majorites, which allows governments to resist pressure from backbenchers and opposition. The formal powers of the House of Lords are, in contrast, quite unimpressive. Lords can only delay legislation from the Commons for a year maximum. Cannot delay money-related bills. Cannot remove the government of the day and can only veto a very limited range of matters...
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