... Embassy of Brazil- Islamabad SECOM PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN General information on the Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan. Research and Compilation by the Commercial Section of the Embassy of Brazil in Pakistan. [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan Table of Contents 1. Pakistan’s Economy 2 2. Industry overview 2 2.1 Current Status of Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 3 2.2 Types of papers produced 4 2.3 Method of Producing Paper 4 2.4 Raw Material Availability 5 3. Current status of Trade and Potential of Pak- Brazil Trade Cooperation in this sector 7 3.1 Potential of Export to Pakistan 8 4. Future Outlook 10 5. Companies and Useful Links 11 1[pic] SECOM-Islamabad, Pakistan [pic]Pulp and Paper Industry in Pakistan 1. Pakistan’s Economy Pakistan economy is positioned at 27th largest economy with 488 (1) billion USD in term of Purchasing Power Parity. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food processing, agriculture and other industries. Growth poles of Pakistan's economy are situated along the Indus River, diversified economies of Karachi and Punjab's urban centers. The...
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...ISWA – The International Solid Waste Association Introduction and Perspectives on Integrated Waste Management, Recycling and Recovery of Energy from Waste Dr. Helmut Stadler Vice-President of ISWA International stadler.helmut@utanet.at www.iswa.org Table of Content l l l Introduction of ISWA International and ISWA Austria Problems and Challenges Perspectives on Solutions Sources: Franz Neubacher, David Newman, and others ISWA‘s Mission ISWA – the International Solid Waste Association – is a global, independent and non-profit making association, working in the public interest to fulfil its declared mission: “To Promote and Develop Sustainable and Professional Waste Management Worldwide“ ISWA achieves its mission through: Promoting resource efficiency through sustainable production and consumption Support to developing and emerging economies Advancement of waste management through education and training Promoting appropriate and best available technologies and practices Professionalism through its program on professional qualifications. More than 1,400 Members in More than 90 Countries WWW.ISWA.ORG ISWA Membership Benefits ISWA members have access to a variety of benefits as for instance access to: • Waste Management & Research • Waste Management World • ISWA Newsletter • ISWA Working Groups • ISWA's Job Exchange Platform • Large International Network • Discount on Registration Fees • Member Discount Program ISWA Membership Categories •...
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...Case study: Assessment of Hospital Waste management in Private and Government hospitals of Islamabad and Abbotabad. Abstract: Hospitals wastes (HW) are considered the most hazardous category of waste. According to WHO, HW is a special waste which need special care and procedures for disposing it. The conditions in developing countries regarding hospital waste management are not very appreciated. Pakistan is even included in such countries where not much attention is paid to waste management. In this study, the present conditions of waste management in two cities of Pakistan, Islamabad and Abbotabad are assessed and the major factors which influences the safe proper disposal of waste are highlighted. So, the damage caused by HW could be lessened. Abbreviations:- HW Hospital waste WM Waste management HWM Hospital waste management WHO World health organizations Introduction:- Health care centers are an essential component of a society. Varity of waste is generated from hospitals or health care centers due to the employment of medicines, food, chemicals and different instruments etc for the treatment of patients. This waste can be classified into two main categories: 1. Medical/Clinical waste comprises of infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps, pharmaceutical waste, blood, swaps, geno-toxic waste, chemical waste and radioactive waste. 2. Non medical or non clinical waste including foodstuff leftovers, cardboards, packages, etc (Hashmi and Shahab, 2003). Such diverse infectious...
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...SHEIKH ZAYED ISLAMIC CENTRE University of Karachi “ISLAM & SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT” Submitted to: Dr. Umar Hayat Asim Submitted by: Ariba Inayet Roll# 05 Date: September 10, 2015 Islam: Islam is one of the largest religions in the world with over 1 billion followers. It is a monotheistic faith based on revelations received by the Prophet Muhammad in 7th-century Saudi Arabia. The Arabic word Islam means “submission” reflecting the faith's central tenet of submitting to the will of God. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. The sacred text of Islam, the Qur'an, was written in Arabic within 30 years of Muhammad's death. Muslims believe it contains the literal word of God. Also important is the tradition of the sayings and actions of Muhammad and his companions, collected in the Hadith. Islamic practices center on the Five Pillars of Islam—faith; prayer; fasting; pilgrimage to Mecca; and alms Science: Science is the system of acquiring knowledge through use of the scientific method — that is, generating hypotheses and theories through observation and testing. Science is intimately linked with technology; technology is developed using scientific discoveries and science is reliant on technology to further its ideas. The goals of science are to learn more about the world and use this knowledge for the betterment of humankind, or for the destruction of mankind, whichever comes first. The term "science" originally referred to knowledge in general. However, it has been...
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...05/10/2012 BWCL 32.00/500 1.43 CEPB 21.45/1000 Packages Limited | Business Recorder 1.12 CHCC 40.20/500 0.10 COLG 1200.00/100 15.28 CPL 215.00/100 2.25 All Pakistan's Premier Financial Daily Search... Login Register Home Pakistan World Business Markets Market Data Sports Entertainment Budget Just in: More states back EU financial transaction_ You are here: Home » Company News » Pak istan » Packages Limited Packages Limited April 24, 2012 RECORDER REPORT 0 Comments Packages Limited is an integrated packaging company, established in 1957 as a joint venture between the Ali Group of Pakistan and Akerlund & Rausing of Sweden. Incorporated in Pakistan, the company produces paper and paper-board products, provides customised packaging material for consumer goods industry, and produces consumer products like tissues, towels and napkins. In 1968, Packages established its first pulp and paper mill having capacity of 24,000 tons per annum, with IFC's participation. In 1981, the company modified its paper machine to produce tissues, and launched the "Rose Petal" brand. Later, it started producing toilet paper, kitchen roll and table napkins too. In 1986, Packages established a flexible packaging unit to meet the increasing demand of sophisticated packaging. In 1995, Tri-Pack Films Limited was established as a joint venture with Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan for the manufacture of Polypropylene films in NWFP. Packages also established...
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...rights, Alex Lin who refurbished and recycled E-waste, and Iqbal Masih who helped stop. These young people fought for what they think is right. Not only they think what they are doing is right they know it is right. First, teen activist Malala Yousafzai believes in peace. In the Youtube “Malala Speaks Out” she says, “ If a Taliban comes into my house would you hit him with your shoe”, and Malala said, “ No, I would let the Taliban do his business to me and then he will leave.” This quote explains that Malala would not hurt a terrorist and she is protesting...
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...Types of food people like in Pakistan: The Pakistani cosines are rich in oil and chillies. Unlike the Indian food, Pakistani dishes must include meat, chicken and beef, though pork is totally forbidden as per Islamic teachings. Although eating habits differ from regions to region, the mainstay of the Pakistani diet is "chapati or roti" made from flour. "Lassi" a usual drink made like a milkshake in a home made utencil from curd/yogurt and water is usually taken at lunch time, specially during the summers as it beats the effects of hard weather. It is usually customary to eat a dessert after the dinner, which mainly comprises "Kheer" (made from rice and milk) and sweetened rice "Zarda". Rice though scarcely eaten in many parts, pulla´o (lightly fried rice with vegetables) and biryani (rice with meat or vegetables and spices) are the tw very favourite dishes of rice, specially on marriages. "Mithai" a kind of sweet made of corn flour, sugar and milk is the favourite sweet for all ages Pakistanis generally eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. During the evening, many families have green tea without sugar which goes along with baked/fried snacks from local bakery (or prepared at home). During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, the eating patterns change to: sehri and iftar. It is considered proper to eat only with the right hand as per Islamic tradition (also a tradition in many other Asian cultures). Many Pakistani families, particularly when guests are too many...
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...Plastic decomposes over millions of years, and considering that 311 million tons of plastics are discarded into landfills each year, our landfills are filling up at an alarming rate (Osman et al. . Our current model of dealing with our plastic is not sustainable (Osman et al. 301). This is why scientists are looking for alternative methods to deal with plastic waste. Researchers in Islamabad, Pakistan discovered that Aspergillus fumigatus Strain S45 that they believe is able to decompose polyester. They hypothesis that Strain S45 has ester enzyme that is capable of decomposing polyester PU. The scientist began their experiment by isolating Aspergillus fumigatus Strain S45 from a soil sample from the plastic waste dump in Islamabad, Pakistan....
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...WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT, RAWALPINDI. Introduction: 1. Rawalpindi, a Mega City is Country’s forth largest city with the population of 2.1 Million. In the year 1998, Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) was established under the Government of Punjab, Development of big cities act to meet the requirements of rapid growing population. RWASA is providing water and sanitation services to 1.6 Million population which is spread over an area of 35 sq. km. Pakistan has been blessed with abundance of availability of surface and ground water resources to the tune of 128300 million and 50579 million per year respectively (The Pakistan National Conservation Strategy, 1992). In spite of this naturally resource enrichment, per capita water availability has decreased from 5600 to 1000 cum per annum (Water Quality Status, 2003). 2. Beside this appreciable decrease in water availability, the quality of both the sources has crossed the acceptable limits for drinking water. Both state and non-state actors have overwhelmingly detoriated the water quality due to indiscriminate over extraction of groundwater complemented with polluted recharge sources like Nullah lai and other waste water streams. At the moment the northern part of the country has microbial contamination of 64 % (Diagnostic Survey, PCRWR, 2007). Central part of the country has both chemical and microbial contamination. River Ravi and Chenab receives industrial waste water of textile, leather and light engineering industries more than...
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...PAN Producers in Pakistan: 3 1.4 End Users of PAN: 3 2. PROCESS OVERVIEW 4 3. REACTOR CALCULATIONS 5 4. SALT CIRCULATION RATE 6 5. SWITCH CONDENSER CALCULATIONS 7 6. AFTER COOLER CALCULATIONS 8 7. VAPORIZER CALCULATIONS 9 8. PRE HEATER CALCULATIONS 10 9. GAS COOLER CALCULATIONS 11 10. STRIPPING COLUMN CALCULATIONS 12 11. RECTIFICATION COLUMN CALCULATIONS 13 Bibliography 14 Table 1-Physical properties of Phthalic Anhydride 2 Table 2-Heats of Formation (1) 4 Figure 1-Detailed Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of the Phthalic Anhydride production process 3 Figure 2-LMTD across the switch condenser unit 6 1. INTRODUCTION Phthalic Anhydride (PAN) is one of the first cyclic anhydrides and is a white crystalline solid. It is an organic compound with the general formula C6H4(CO)2O and is an anhydride of Phthalic Acid. 1.1Physical Properties: These are summarized in the table below: Molecular Formula | C8H4O3 | Molar Mass | 148.1 g/mol. | Appearance | White Flakes | Density | 1.53 g/cm3 | Melting Point | 131oC | Boiling Point | 280OC | Flash Point | 152oC | Table [ 1 ]-Physical properties of Phthalic Anhydride 1.2 Applications: One of the main uses of PAN is in the manufacture of plasticizers for PVC processing. It is also used in the synthesis of: * Phthalate Esters * Unsaturated Polyester Resins * Alkyl Resins * Dyes * Anthraquinone (Used for H2O2 production) 1.3 PAN Producers in Pakistan: Phthalic Anhydride...
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...Name: Chong Meng Kuan (Dean) Student ID: 90006513 Over 1.2 billion of people have been facing shortage of clean and drinkable water sources and 2.8 billion of people are affected every year in this planet full of water sources. “783 million people, or 11 per cent of the global population, remain without access to an improved source of clean water”, quoted United Nations 2013. These are the water issues and that had been proved by researchers around the world. This essay discuss the importance of water on human body, how the lives of people in water poor communities around the world are impacted, poor sanitation, health effects on people in water poor communities and opportunities for a better livelihood with water sources. In the first place, water is the most important element of all human needs to keep us alive and live normally. The reason why a human needs to drink water because our body takes up to 55 to 78 percentage of water to work functionally, such as metabolism, regulations of body temperature and more. Humans cannot perform actions in the best situation or live healthily without sufficient amount of water preserved, worse, one will face dehydration or death if no water is accessed within three days or lesser. In order to prevent dehydration, which often happens in summer or when the humidity of air is low, humans have to drink up to 8 glasses of water, or even more than that which highly depending on the condition of body individually (Carolyn O'Neil, July 2011)...
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...1.0 Introduction What is electronic waste? Electronic waste or e-waste is a term for electronic products that have become unwanted, non-working or obsolete, and have essentially reached the end of their useful life. Certain portions of the electronic waste stream are defined and the systems to recover and recycle them will be administratively regulated beyond the universal waste rules that apply to material handling with the passage of the Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003. This phenomena is occurred in the high rate of the technology advances. Whole categories of old electronic items contribute to e-waste such as VCRs being replaced by DVD players, and DVD players being replaced by Blu-ray players. The common electronic products such as televisions, VCRs, stereos, computers, copiers, and fax machines. These electronic products are thrown away when they are used after few years or no longer wanted by the consumers. Nowadays, our world was polluted by the e-waste. The ecosystems and drinking water were harmed and facing pollution of the electronic wastes. 1.6 billion cell phones were manufactured in 2012, these electronics are packed with toxic chemicals: arsenic, lead, and poly-brominated flame retardants. The average month an American keeps a cell phone as short as 18 months. 60% of the e-waste are toxic metals which usually ends up with landfill and these toxic will leach into the soil and water. Although electronic products can be recycled, but 30% of the...
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...PROCESSED & PACKAGED MILK INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN (IN THE CONTEXT OF ENGRO FOODS) Introduction Pakistan is the fourth largest milk producer in the world. Pakistan produces 45 billion liters of milk annually. However, only 36.2 billion liters of milk are usable, as 20 % of this milk goes waste owing to inappropriate methods of storage and lack of timely transportation. Engro Foods is asubsidiaryof Engro Corporation.In 2005,Engro decided to diversify their business by venturing into the food business by establishing Engro Foods Limited. Engro Foods offers a number of products namely, Olpers, Tarang, Olwell, Omore, Owsum, Olfrute, etc., with representative market share of 33% in Pakistan. Engro Foods has two production plants situated at Sukkur and Sahiwal with different combination of products manufactured at each plant. Dairy Milk Industry in Pakistan Milk is amongst the most important consumable and marketable commodities of the world with enormous demand in domestic and international markets. Buffalo is the main source of milk in domestic dairy industry, whereas cow is the main source of milk in international market. Pakistan is the fourth largest milk producing country in the world. 80% percent of milk is produced by farming families from small herds of buffaloes using locally produced feed. They account for 11 % share in the Gross Domestic Product, employ 30-35 million rural people, and constitute 30-40 % of their income. Almost all rural families, especially...
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...GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed valley between the coastal range and...
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...GLEIDI B. LEOGAN (BSE-1A) TO: DR. ROSEL W. DELES (ENG.2) I. INTRODUCTION Pollution is a major global concern because of its harmful effects on the person’s health and on the environment. Everyone is affected as we are all inhabitants of this one and only place we call home, our planet Earth. Each person has something to contribute to prevent its further deterioration, to help ourselves, the children and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come. We can help combat pollution in our own immediate environment if we are aware of the nature and form of pollutions and its effects on us and the environment. A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil. Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant, its chemical nature, the concentration and the persistence. There are two main categories of pollutants. Biodegradable pollutants are materials, such as sewage, that rapidly decompose by natural processes. These pollutants become a problem when added to the environment faster than they can decompose. Non-degradable pollutants are materials that either do not decompose or decompose slowly in the natural environment. Once contamination occurs, it is difficult or impossible to remove these pollutants from the environment. I. SOURCES OF EARTH POLLUTION A. AIR POLLUTION SMOG OVER SANTIAGO Set in an enclosed valley between the coastal range and...
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