...The high growth of GDP, not only the material life of our people has been greatly improved and enriched, enhanced China's international competitiveness and attractiveness, but also greatly enhance China's international political status. However, GDP exposed its defects with increasing of the resources and environmental issues. Like the news article write, although China's GDP in recent years has greatly improved, China and developed countries still have a big gap. GDP does not reflect the real employment situation and the improvement of social welfare. The GDP slowdown of China is a good opportunity for structural adjustment. One of the most important measures is to remove the irritating policy and turned to rely on economic endogenous forces to achieve growth. Premier Wen said that China's economy has downward pressure, but reducing speed is mainly to structural adjustment and truly achieve the real high-quality growth. This was also his request on the "quality" of economic growth. Keith (2012) states that “Slower growth partly reflects a government attempt to shift the economy more toward personal consumption, with less emphasis on exports and investment in big domestic construction and infrastructure projects.” As the economy moves into 2008, it faces a growing multiplex of problems. Export growth is expected to continue to temper as the negative impact of the U.S. downturn is compounded by slowdown in the European Union and Japan. As downside risks mount in the external...
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...1. What is fiscal policy? Fiscal policy is government spending policies that influence macroeconomic conditions and is the use of the Commonwealth budget to achieve macroeconomic objectives. Through fiscal policy, regulators attempt to achieve macroeconomic objectives, such as full employment, sustained long-term economic growth and price level stability. Fiscal policy seeks to control aggregate demand by altering the balance between government expenditure and taxation. If the economy is in recession, the government could increase government expenditure and/cut taxes. This is called expansionary fiscal policy and the effect would be a higher level of aggregate demand and hence a multiplier rise in GDP and lower unemployment. If the economy was expanding too rapidly in a way that was unsustainable and hence with rising inflation, the government could do the reverse by using deflationary fiscal policy : it could cut government expenditure and/or raise taxes. This would help to slow the economy down and dampen inflation. 2. What is monetary policy? Monetary policy is the actions of a central bank, currency board or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply, which in turn affects interest rates. Monetary policy is maintained through actions such as increasing the interest rate, or changing the amount of money banks need to keep in the bank reserves. A reduction in interest rates will encourage more borrowing and hence raise aggregate...
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...the Gross Domestic Product (abbreviated GDP). GDP generally is defined as the market value of the goods and services produced by a country. One way to calculate a nation's GDP is to sum all expenditures in the country. This method is known as the expenditure approach and is described below. Alternative Approaches to Calculating GDP There are three approaches to calculating GDP: * Expenditure approach - described above; calculates the final spending on goods and services. * Product approach - calculates the market value of goods and services produced. * Income approach - sums the income received by all producers in the country. Expenditure Approach to Calculating GDP The expenditure approach calculates GDP by summing the four possible types of expenditures as follows: GDP | = | Consumption | | + | Investment | | + | Government Purchases | | + | Net Exports | Consumption is the largest component of the GDP. In the U.S., the largest and most stable component of consumption is services. Consumption is calculated by adding durable and non-durable goods and services expenditures. It is unaffected by the estimated value of imported goods. Investment includes investment in fixed assets and increases in inventory. Government purchases are equal to the government expenditures less government transfer payments (welfare, unemployment payouts, etc.) Net exports are exports minus imports. Imports are subtracted since GDP is defined as the output of the domestic...
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...Analysis of the Gross Domestic Products of CHINA INDIA PAKISTAN Background of the Indian Economy The India economy, the third largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power, is going to touch new heights in coming years. As predicted by Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third largest economy of the world just after US and China. It will grow to 60% of size of the US economy. This booming economy of today has to pass through many phases before it can achieve the current milestone of 9% GDP. | The history of Indian economy can be broadly divided into three phases: Pre- Colonial, Colonial and Post Colonial. Pre Colonial: The economic history of India since Indus Valley Civilization to 1700 AD can be categorized under this phase. During Indus Valley Civilization Indian economy was very well developed. It had very good trade relations with other parts of world, which is evident from the coins of various civilizations found at the site of Indus valley. Before the advent of the East India Company, each village in India was a self sufficient entity and was economically independent as all the economic needs were fulfilled within the village | Colonial Indian Economy: The arrival of the East India Company in India caused a huge strain to the Indian economy and there was a two-way depletion of resources. The British would buy raw materials from India at cheaper rates and the finished goods were sold at higher...
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...Macro-economic Variables on the GDP of China and India by Manish Chandi Shrestha Submitted to the Program of Analytics in the Postgraduate Division of the Business School As part of the requirement for Master of Business Administration at Bournemouth University March, 2015 Contents List of acronyms i List of figures and tables ii Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Methodology 2 Data source 3 Findings 3 Interpretation 4 Conclusion 9 References 10 Appendices 11 List of Acronyms GDP Gross Domestic Product IMF International Monetary Fund IQR Inter Quartile Range ANOVA Analysis of Variance BLUE Best Linear Unbiased Estimator VIF Variance Inflation Factor List of Figures and Tables 1. Correlation Analysis of China 4 2. Correlation Analysis of India 4 3. Beta coefficients for China and India 5 4. Revised Beta Coefficients for China 5 5. Comparison between Predicted and Actual GDP for China 6 6. Comparison between Predicted and Actual GDP for India 7 7. Test of Normality of Error for China and India 7 8. Residual Statistics for India 8 9. Residual Statistics for China 8 10. Collinearity Statistics for India and China 9 Abstract This...
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...How Exports impact GDP Tiffany Cook March 19, 2015 Econ 214 (gwartney, 2015) “Gross domestic import is the market values of all final goods and sales” There are various factors that make up the subcategories of the United States, Gross domestic product. This definition tells us how we ultimately arrive at a calculations of the gross domestic products, but it does not shed light on the economies output and input and the benefits or setbacks each service may have. Some ways that we can look at expenditure approach is to know the wealth of what our goods and services can provide, also how these goods and services can be a come up or a setback dependent upon what we do more of. The expenditure approach allows us to see what our consumers have been benefiting from with the goods and services that have been provided to them by the US. Foreigners make up a portion of the GDP with imports, but in order for us to be on the winning side we would have to provide other countries with more of our products for them to buy or consume. Therefore the greatest impact on GDP is what we export in order to gain a profit from the consumer. If we were the consumer we would be looking to do the same. The economies main goal is to make the money and keep more of it. Exports allow us to do more of that, imports gives us resources to supply the source products for us to export. (Deekay, 2009)States that “export instability stimulates inflation. When inflation rises in a country the products tend...
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... Price of pineapples $10 $10.50 $11 75 85 90 $15,000 $16,000 $15,500 50,000 60,000 45,000 $4 $4.50 $5 a) Using 2009 as base year, calculate nominal and real GDP per capita for 2009, 2010 and 2011. b) Keeping 2009 as base year for prices, compute Utopia’s inflation rates for 2010 and 2011 using both the CPI and the GDP deflator. When calculating the CPI, assume that the representative consumer purchases in any given year 10 T -shirts, 1 car and 100 pineapples. c) Explain why the computed inflation rates are not the same when u sing the two different methods. 2. For this question assume that we are within the short -run goods market framework developed in Chapter 3 in Blanchard. Suppose that the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations: Note that in this economy investment, I, depends positively on output, Y. This mirrors the fact that firms in the real world will increase their investment expenditure on capital goods when sales are picking up. a) Write down and graph the supply and demand functions for the economy’s goods market. When drawing the goods market diagram, make sure to accurately label the intercepts and slopes of both fu nctions. Econ 301B Winter 2012 b) Solve for the following variables: equilibrium GDP (Y), disposable inco me (YD), consumption spending (C)...
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...400,000 380,000 Price of 1 Automobile Price of 1 loaf of Bread Price of 1 cup of Coffee Number of Automobiles Produced Number of Cups of Coffee Produced Number of Loaves of Bread Produced 1. Using the year 2007 as the base year, compute the following statistics for each year: nominal GDP, real GDP, the GDP deflator (a Paasche price index) and the CPI (a Laspeyres price index). For the CPI, assume that the representative basket of goods is exactly the one produced in the year 2007 Answer: To calculate nominal GDP for 2007 is $20, 000 ∗ 100 + $1.25 ∗ 400, 000 + $2 ∗ 100, 000 = $2, 000, 000 + $500, 000 + $200, 000 = $2, 700, 000 for 2008 $21, 000 ∗ 120 + $1.50 ∗ 380, 000 + $2.1 ∗ 115, 000 = $2, 520, 000 + $570, 000 + $241, 500 = $3, 331, 500 To calculate real GDP for 2007, since 2007 is the base year real GDP 2007 equals $2,700,000 1 for 2008 just use the 2007 prices $20, 000 ∗ 120 + $1.25 ∗ 380, 000 + $2 ∗ 115, 000 = $2, 400, 000 + $475, 000 + $230, 000 = $3, 105, 000 The amount of stuff produced in 2008, at 2007 prices is the real GDP in 2008 To calculate the GDP deflator in both years simply divide Nominal GDP by Real GDP, so for 2007 GDP def lator 2006 = $2.7 million/$2.7 million = 1 and for 2008 GDP def lator 2007 = $3, 331, 500/$3, 105, 000 = 1.073 For the CPI , just calculate it as a Laspeyres price index so that a0 pat + b0 pbt + c0 pct CP It = a0 pa0 + b0 pb0 + c0 pc0 where a stands for autos and b stands for bread. Since 2007 is the base year the CPI equals one. For 2008,...
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...Econ201 Macro-economy Spring 2013 Wesam Almadani LAG140 Table of Content Overall state of Economy in Saudi Arabia Demographic profile of Saudi Arabia GDP in Saudi Arabia CPI and Inflation Rate in Saudi Arabia Unemployment Rate in Saudi Arabia Economic problems in Saudi Arabia Economy in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the largest Arabian Country which is located in southwest Asia. It clenches the largest free market economy in the Middle East and North Africa. The geographic setting of Saudi Arabia provides an easy entrée to export the markets of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Saudi Arabia is an oil-based economy with a robust government control over the main economic activities; it approximately holds 17% of the worlds established petroleum assets. Saudi Arabia grades the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a primary role in OPEC. The petroleum sector alone interprets for roughly 45% of GDP, 80% of budget revenues, and 90% of export earnings. The following shows the demographic profile of Saudi Arabia: Population | 26,939,583 includes 5,576,076 non-nationals | Dependency Ratio | total dependency ratio: 46.9 % youth dependency ratio: 42.6 % elderly dependency ratio: 4.2 % potential support ratio: 23.6 | Population Growth Rate | 1.51% | Net Migration Rate | -0.62 migrant(s) / 1,000 population | Urbanization | urban population: 82.3% of total population (2011) rate of urbanization: 2.38% annual rate of change...
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...Real GDP vs. Nominal GDP Real GDP is GDP adjusted for changes in the price level and Nominal GDP is GDP expressed at current prices and it is often called money GDP (Gwarthney, pg. 732 & 734). Both the Real GDP and Nominal GDP are from the GDP deflator which is measurements of money and power that are the effects of inflation. The Real GDP is the measurements of significant of price changes and Nominal GDP is the measurements of inflation. We need both Real GDP and Nominal GDP because both plays important roles in the economics system and both are use to keep up with the comparison of years, prices, price index, and real GDP with percentage increases between of the area noted. In my first article, Wall Street Journal, it took place in Japan around the 2000 about the fourth quarter concern because instead of the prices rising they are progressively declining among other nations are excelling. I paid attention in the first 2 quarters real and nominal were the same but on the last two it change the nominal gdp became poorer then the real gdp. In which is bad because the products of goods and services determined the inflation and real growth in which is the numbers economics look for to increase because it’s the profit that counts. I suggest that Japan needed to reevaluate a plan to increase their products and sells so the inflation and real gdp and the nominal which is the money would increase in the world trade sells. My 2nd article of reality of today of 2014...
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...Analysis on M2 & CPI of China, 1990-2014 The chart below demonstrates the broad money (M2) and Consumer Price Index (CPI) of China during the period of 1990 to 2014. The data is picked from the official website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China. (Data source: National Bureau of Statistics of China) According to the graph, both two figures show an uptrend in last three decades, and they shows a positive correlation. The M2 of 1990 was only about 1,500 billion yuan, and it increased gradually in the next decade. The growth rate of the CPI kept raising every year, and after the year of 2008 it witnessed a remarkable rise, reaching at 122,840 billion yuan in 2014, which is 80 times of the figure of 1990. At the same time, the CPI ascended from 216.4 in 1990 to over 600 in 2014. During 1993 and 1996, the increase was apparently more rapid than other years. However, in 2009 the number decreased slightly, and this is the only year in which it goes down. The increase of paper money accelerates the raising speed of M2, and as a result the CPI goes up as well. During 1993 to 1996 the growth rates of CPI were almost 25%, which is incredibly high. Serious inflation was happened around that period, and it turned better between 2000s. In 2010s, however, the bad circumstance seems back again. The amount of M2 rocketed dramatically during the past few years, and it may cause another serious inflation in the near future if the government do not take effective measures...
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...Calvin B. McIlwain Professor Bartels ECO-201 March 28, 2012 Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the main indicators used to measure the health of a country’s economy. Economists measure growth with changes in real gross domestic gross domestic product (real GDP)---the market value of final goods and services produced in economy stated in the prices of a given year (McGraw-Hill 155). In plain simple terms gross domestic product is the economic report card of the United States. The parts that make up GDP are: Growth where when production and sells are good income is good with a growing economy with total output and total income increasing. Business cycle is the upward or downward movement of the economic activity that occurs around the growth trend (McGraw-Hill 158). The business cycle phases are: The peak, The downturn, The trough, and The upturn Unemployment in where a percentage of people who are fully capable of working but they can’t attain employment. Unemployment is social problem and a government problem. Inflation is a continual rise the price level. The consumer price index (CPI), the producer price index (PPI), and the GDP deflator are all price indexes used faced by producers (McGraw-Hill 158). GDP with its components of growth, business cycle, unemployment and inflation affects everyone in the country. A good report card we will usually see low unemployment and wage increases and a booming economy...
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...to a miller for $1.00. The miller turns the wheat into flour and then sells the flour to a baker for $3.00. The baker uses the flour to make bread and sells the bread to an engineer for $6.00. The engineer eats the bread. What is the value added by each person? What is GDP? Farmer’s VA = $1 Miller’s VA = $2 Baker’s VA = $3 GDP = $6 3. Suppose a woman marries her butler. After they are married, her husband continues to support him as before (but as a husband rather than as an employee). How does the marriage affect GDP? How should it affect GDP? GDP is affected because the husband is no longer employed and GDP will be reduced minus his salary. 4. Place each of the following transactions in one of the four components of expenditure: consumption, investment, government purchases, and net exports. a. Boeing sells an airplane to the Air Force. Government purchases b. Boeing sells an airplane to American Airlines. Investment c. Boeing sells an airplane to Air France. Net exports d. Boeing sells an airplane to Amelia Earhart. Consumption e. Boeing builds an airplane to be sold next year. Investments 5. Find data on GDP and its components, and compute the percentage of GDP for the following components for 1950, 1980, and the most recent year available. 50 80 10 a. Personal consumption expenditures 183.4...
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...1 1.a) Units of Price of Nominal GDP Real Year Stuff Produced Stuff GDP Deflator GDP 2003 500 $20 $10,000 95.2 $10,504 2004 520 $21 $10,920 100.0 $10,920 2005 560 $24 $13,440 114.3 $11,759 Nominal GDP = (Units Produced in a Year) x (Price in a Year) Price Deflator = Ratio of Price in Each Year to Price in the Base Year, multiplied by 100 (Note: The Price Deflator for the base year is given to be 100.0) Real GDP = (Nominal GDP for Year t) x (Deflator in Base Year) / (Deflator for Year t) The numbers you calculated may differ slightly due to rounding. b) Growth Rate of Nominal GDP between 2004 and 2005: (13,440 / 10,920) - 1 = 0.2308 or 23.08% c) Inflation Rate between 2003 and 2004: (100.0 / 95.2) - 1 = 0.0504 or 5.04% d) Annualized Growth Rate of Real GDP between 2003 and 2005: (11,759 / 10,504)1/2 - 1 = 0.0581 or 5.81% Note that the 1/2 power is used because the growth took place over two years, and you want to "annualize" the growth. That is, you want to compute how fast real GDP would have to grow each year to reproduce its actual growth over the two-year period. 2a) Here is a table with the 2010 data obtained from the FRED database (http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/). From the FRED home page, follow the links to “Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Components” and then “GDP/GNP.” The quarterly nominal GDP figures are designated by the series ID “GDP.” You can take real GDP directly from the variable “GDPC1” (one...
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...This report discusses macroeconomic factors that impact both the automotive and health-care industries. Interest rates, consumer price index (CPI), consumer confidence, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), wage rates, and inventory levels impact the macroeconomic environment to influence these industries in the short run. Consumption as a percentage of the GDP depicted in table 1 indicates a continuous declined in consumer spending from 2005 through 2010 and suggests that consumers are becoming more conservative with disposable income spent on elective health-care products and procedures as-well-as new vehicle purchases. As the nominal interest rates indicate in table 2, the FED attempted to encourage consumer spending by decreasing the interest rates to encourage expansionistic economic activity, which would also be a positive influencing factor for both the health-care and automotive industries. The automobile industry is volatile by nature and heavily influence by macroeconomic factors, while the health-care industry enjoys an inelastic environment. Macroeconomic factors influence the health-care industry, it is unlikely essential health-care demand will decrease in the short term; however, elective health-care products and services will likely suffer as will new vehicle purchases as consumers remain conservative. The future is not as bleak as one might anticipate. The automotive industry is traditionally volatile and dependent upon the macroeconomic environment and currently producing...
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