...Child Labor in China: Attributing Factors and Possible Solutions 1. Introduction The child labor problem has long been a human right issue which is worth concerning. According to the International Labor Office (2013), the estimated number of child labor in the globe in 2012 is about 244 million, of which 78 million of them are working in hazardous conditions. As one of the world’s most populous country and the largest exporting economy, China manifests the problem of child labor. This report will first discuss the main factors for which the child labor problem in China are attributed to. It is then followed by suggested actions that policymakers and private enterprises should take to help cope with this worrying problem. 2. Factors Contributing to Child Labor Problem in China 2.1 Lack of Education To many rural families, the costs of attending school such as tuition fees are unaffordable, and the accessibility to schools in rural China is so low that they have to make long journey to the nearest school (Morley, 2009). In addition, the quality of schooling is not guaranteed in many schools such that parents are deterred from sending their children to schools (Jensen, Nielsen, 1997). With the Chinese traditional belief that sons are more superior to daughters, they would prefer sending their sons to school only even when the families have the ability to send some of their children to school (Morley, 2009). Lacking education in China leads to a spate of children having no...
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...China’s One Child Policy; Impacts on the Society, the Economy, and the People. By David Goheen Due: December 14, 2007 Executive Summary During the years before the implementation of the One Child Policy, the leaders of China were involved in wars, a great leap forward, and an industrial revolution. In the last twenty five years China’s One Child Policy has affected the country in every way one can imagine. This paper will attempt to explore the major ways the policy has affected the people of China socially, and how the economy has reacted with the change. A brief history on the traditional views of Chinese families, before the policy’s implementation, is outlined ahead of the policy’s background. This is to illustrate where the people of China are coming from, socially and culturally. I hope to convey that this policy has forcefully stolen the Chinese citizens’ basic human right to reproduce and has hurt them physically and emotionally. However, statistically and economically the policy has been a success up to this point. The early psychological status of China’s children with no siblings is looked at to try to understand their mental capabilities of dealing with the pressure of having to be successful. Major flaws that were overlooked could spell disaster for this aging population in the future. The policy has created prosperity for the country, but has also left its citizens suffering. China is now looked at as having a low birth rate, a low death...
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...In the North as well as Eastern hemisphere Chinas child restriction law is widely known as the One-Child Policy. This policy was issued during the year of 1979, in hopes to slow the progress of a rapidly growing population. The policy was implemented but never fully enforced wideband throughout the country. The law quickly stunted the growth in the more urban areas of China but was not executed in the rural areas leaving them over populated. In the 1980’s the over population of children in the rural areas ultimately left many homeless and striving for food. During this time the law was reintroduced in order to fully gain control of the population; leaving many mothers hopeless for another child. The US Library of National Medicine stated the...
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...----------------------------------- Aug 31, 2005 One Child Policy in China ----------------------------------- Why Government Policy Causes Population Change in China Policy may Cause Population Change. China’s One Child Policy is a very controversial one. It involves only one child per married couple. This has led to high abortion figures (sometimes forced or selective), forced sterilisation and even infanticide. However China had no choice but to adopt such a harsh policy, China’s population in the 1970s was 900 million and rising. China didn’t have enough resources to support this growing population, and had strong regional variations. The government realised something had to change and in the early 1970s strongly driven family planning methods were adopted and in 1979 the one child policy was introduced. China is a huge country (9,600,000 squared kilometres) and has a large number of resources however there is an extreme imbalance between population size and resources available. 1,192 million people live in China that’s 21.4% of the world’s population. This is a lot of people to feed, clothe and house. The population has put a huge amount of tension on the countries limited resources. 25% of China’s land is infertile or desert so no crops can be grown on this land and not many will want to live on it because they wouldn’t be able to support themselves due to the poor soils. China can be split down the middle from the north east to the south, dividing china into 2 parts, 57% to 43%...
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...Contents 1.Population policy of Mongolia…………………………………4 1.1. History and background……………………………………………………4-6 1.2. Population policy:…………………………………………………………..6-7 1.2.1.One. Population growth and health:………………………………………8-9 1.2.2.Two . Food and housing: …………………………………………………9 1.2.3.Three. Education and employment: ………………………………………9 1.2.4.Four. Distribution and migration: ………………………………………...10 1.2.5.Five. Registration, information and research: …………………………….11 1.2.6.Six. Link between population and sustainable development; …………….11 1.2.7.Seven. Status of family and social groups:………………………………..11 1.2.8. Eight. Administration of population policies and resources: …………….11-12 2. Population policy of China…………………………………….12 2.1. Population of China………………………………………………………...12-15 2.1.1.Ethnicity and Religion in China…………………………………………...15 2.1.2.One-child policy…………………………………………………………...15-16 2.1.3.Recent Effects of the One Child Law……………………………………..16-17 2.1.4.The Future of China's One Child Law…………………………………….17 3. Conclusion……………………………………………………….18-19 Population policy (Comparing China to Mongolia) 1.Population policy of Mongolia Mongolia's population is sparsely distributed, young, and increasing rapidly. With an estimated midyear 1990 population of 2,125,463, the average population density was 1.36 people per square kilometer. The rate of natural increase was the result of high birthrates and of death rates that were relatively low by world standards...
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...country has its own perks, laws, and history that make it unique all on its own. Different things like slavery in America and Venezuela’s current issue on how the students of that country are fed up with the leaders and are taking a stand are just examples of what shapes a country into what it is today. In china there are many issues that shape it into the populous country it is but one in particular really boomed the way of living in china. The one child policy has become, at least in the west, china’s most controversial family planning policy. During the 1970’s under Mao Tse-thung’s ruling, China’s population was increasing toward a grand total of one billion people. When Mao was ruler, Mao believed that of all things in the world, people are most import. With that being said, Mao at this point had advocated and even rewarded those “model mothers” who would give birth to the most number of children (Chai, 188). After Mao had passed, the next leader would establish the on child policy in 1979. Deng Xiaoping back in 1979 put the one child policy into effect. This was done to limit the population growth in China. The policy strictly allows couples in china to only have one child with a few exceptions in some areas. If couples disobey the law and have a second child, they would be susceptible to heavy large fines. In addition to the fines, they can also lose their jobs and create dishonor on their family name. The thought process behind the one child policy was to limit the...
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...Childhood changes Each year in china millions of kids grow up with no siblings which have caused demographic and economic problems. In 1980 china introduced the one child policy which has drastically changes china’s demographic. Was it a good idea? I believe it was not a good idea because there have been many bad things that have come out of it; such as a negative mental effects as well as social effects, but there is one good thing to come out of this policy, population control. Being an only child has several hurt the mentality of only children in china, making them suicidal and depressed. In document E written by Laura Fitzpatrick states that boys are more valuable than girls.”[...] boys being viewed as culturally preferable, the practice of female infanticide has been common.” This created a gap between genders making girls feel unwanted. Document F is about two chinese people growing up under the one child policy and how it has affected them mentally. XiaoXuan and A.J. song both claimed that being an only child made them feel lonely, which lead Xiao Xuan self harming himself. “58% of chinese kids admitted to feeling lonely.” This provides that the one child policy made children have a negative outlook on life because they felt unwanted or alone. With the one child policy china has been faced with a major imbalance between boys and girls as...
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... Abortion Should Be Limited By Law The term “induced abortion” is likely very familiar to most people nowadays, according to a Chinese National Population and Family Planning Commission research study, China has more than 13 million cases of induced abortion every year, which is, undoubtedly, an incredibly high number, even for China. In the abortion controversy, the most appropriate approach is to limit abortions by law, which means to identify when and which abortions should be legalized because limit abortion can promote women’s health both mentally and physically, solve a series of social problems such as reduce the possibility of premarital pregnancy, mitigate the gender discrimination problem and promote the condom use. Essentially to adopt part of Hong Kong’s restriction of abortion. In Hong Kong, abortion is not allowed except for some special cases as follows: 1. two doctors find out that the pregnant woman may suffer from physical or mental harm, they agree and sign an informed consent form for the pregnant woman. 2. The unborn baby has been confirmed that is likely to be a severe deformed fetus. 3. The age of the pregnant woman is under 16 years old. 4. The woman becomes pregnant by rape or incest. This law is a proper law to limit abortions but it is not so available in Chinese mainland because one-child policy was launched here. So for Chinese government, a further consideration of the relationship between one-child policy and abortion should be taken to...
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...China’s One-Child Policy In China, there are more than 1.3 billion people living, working and building families. In 1978, the government created China’s one-child policy. China’s one-child policy was established by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to limit China's population growth. The policy lets couples have only one child. If they have another child the mother is pressured to abort the pregnancy. The one-child policy has brought many disasters to china since the one-child policy was established. First are the problems of the female abortions and the killing of infants. “As a result, abortions of females have become commonplace, as well as the killing of babies born post-partum.” China’s women must have an abortion, even if they want to keep the baby, because of the policy. “To address the problem, some districts implement a policy where, if the first born was a girl the couple could have another child. But that was no guarantee the second child wouldn’t also be a girl–creating another scenario in which an abortion might be seen as necessary.” In some places they would allow you to have another child if the first child was a girl. But they won’t assure you that your next child would be a boy and might even have an abortion. “Over the course of several decades, this has resulted in millions upon millions of abortions-many of which have been investigated by women, either by the mother, or sometimes the mother-in-law.” Over the past few years there have been many abortions...
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...Labor Standards in Germany …………………………………………………………... 12 Labor Standards in China ………………………………………………………...…..... 19 Comparative Analysis ………...…………………........…………….……..……....…… 25 Conclusion ………………………......……………………………….……....………… 29 References …………………………...………..……………………………….……….. 31 Appendix A …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 35 Appendix B …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 36 Appendix C …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 37 Appendix D …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 38 Appendix E …………………………...………..……………………………...……….. 39 Executive Summary As a result of systemic changes in the economy over the last two decades, the world of work has radically changed in eastern European and Asian countries. Transition reforms have led to rapid structural shifts in the economy: China has become a focal point for much of the insecurity that globalization has produced: for the past two decades China has experienced explosive economic growth that has attracted jobs and capital from around the world (Feng, 2007). No other industrializing country has ever attracted jobs at both the high and low ends of the production chain. From basic level assembly work to the upper tiers of industry and services, China is setting the global norm for working standards around the world. Workers in rich and poor countries alike feel the effect of China as global corporations move to China to lower labor costs and use the threat of this mobility as a lever to drive...
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...retiring baby boomers in the United States to a graying China, to the massive overhang of Europe’s elderly—can private corporations, governments, and other sectors expect as the aging revolution unfolds across the globe? How will changing demographics affect workforce composition? Retirement age? Pension outlays? Taxation? Immigration? Economic growth? How can governments, corporations, and nongovernmental organizations work together to address these issues? China is expected to lower production rates as people seem to be getting older and the amount of children that people can have in controlled and kept down to 1 per couple. With the population of China decreasing, the amount of workers will also decrease which will lower the amount of products that China is able to produce for the world. Since the 90s we have been seeing a decrease in the labor force. According to Rafferty (2014), retirement age is said to increase in China from 55 to 60 for women and from 60 to 65 for men to keep up with other nations which would allow more products to be created. The decrease in population will also decrease the economy. The families which only have 1 child, only underscores the challenge of supporting the growing numbers of elderly Chinese (Wang, 2010). This means that only 1 child will be the one supporting two parents at the same time. This will bring many other issues for that child’s economic growth. Laws in China require the child to support the parents. It is believed that between...
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...The population law in China is a law invented in the late 1970s by the government in china. To begin with there was only a one child policy where a soon to be mother could only have one baby. If the mother were to be pregnant with twins or triplets they would be aborted immediately. A couple of years later announced that if you were the only sibling in your family you were able to have two children.This law has created less population decreasing traffic on roads having plenty of space and homes for families. But it has also created ghost cities a ghost city is a city where barely anyone lives in and is very hard to make a living there for lack of customers. This law has also created “ hidden children “ where children are born secretly and have no identity .That is why China's violation law should be abolished because The law violates...
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...having the use of the natural resource we no longer have. Even though this may not happen we still need to consider the fact that it could happen any day and that we need to start enforcing population control. Population control is something that we would be able to control on our own, but in order to make sure everyone follows it we need to take it to a higher level. We would have to get our local senators to bring it up to our Representatives until it is finally made a bill and lands on the president’s desk and becomes a law. The purpose of this law would help ensure what natural resources that we have left could last longer than the rate we are using them. We could also reduce the cost of living because there would not be as high of a demand for items. Over population is a growing problem in poorer countries and making its way towards all other countries. Over population of the United States could help be eliminated with enforcing one child family laws. Population growth is a continuing problem that seems to go unnoticed in many developed countries. A reporter from the Daily Mail UK wrote that each year the world’s population increases by 75 million with an estimated total to be around 9.5 billion people by 2075 (“World Faces Overpopulation disaster” par #2). With the estimated population of over 7 billion people, the world needs to find a way to control this. You may say that the United States is nowhere close to being over populated; we can fit everyone comfortably and...
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...One Child Policy: The Gender Epidemic During the 1970’s under Mao Tse-tung’s ruling, China’s population was increasing toward one billion people. When he was the ruler, Mao allowed the people to have as much babies as they wanted because to him, “of all the things in the world, people are the most precious.”(Ho) Soon, the population kept rising and the government came to a conclusion that popution control is nesscesary because they fear that there won’t be enough food or resources to support the people. After Mao passed away the next leader, Deng Xioping established the One Child Policy in 1980 to limit the population growth in China. The policy strictly allow couples in China to have only one child with a few exceptions in some areas. If couples disobey the law and have a second child, they would have to pay heavy fines. They can also lose their jobs and create a bad name for their family. In the government’s view when the policy was being introduced, fewer births ment fewer mouths to feed which ment that there is a better chance at prosperity for the people. (Evans 102) According to Paul Wiseman from USA Today, the goal of the policy was to keep the Chinese population below 1.2 billion people through 2000. As it turned out, the policy has failed because the population today is 1.3 billion. It did however lower birthrates due to birth control, abortions, and early deaths of infants. Throughout the years, China began to have an imbalanced gender ratio. There is a significant...
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...Hi Darryl, Would you please review our debate statement? Opening statement: We believe that China should give up the one-child policy. The disadvantages of China’s one child policy are many. It has caused appalling human rights abuses in China, including forcible abortions and sterilizations. Since the policy went into effect, China has had a significant gender imbalance, an abnormal sex ratio. China’s rapidly aging population—combined with lower fertility rates—is expected to present significant social and economic challenges. It also brings other problems, for example, the "four-two-one" problem and unequal enforcement. Argument 0: One-child policy benefits exaggerated The government states that 400 million births were prevented by the one-child policy until 2011; this claim is disputed as official propaganda by Wang Feng, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, and Cai Yong from the Carolina Population Center at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, who put the number of prevented births from 1979 to 2009 at around 100 or 200 million. Argument 1: Low fertility rate can’t maintain the sustainable development of society. According to the sixth census population, currently one couple only has 1.2 children on average. In cities, the number is less than 0.9. Even for people from countryside, it is 1.5. Under ideal mathematic model, the fertility rate should be 2.1. The 1.2 fertility rate means the number of population decrease 40% every generation...
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