...Name: Professor: Course: Date: Christianity in the Tokugawa Period Teather, Rhiannon A. The Palme of Christian Fortitude: Japan’s martyrs in seventeenth-century records. Bristol University. 6.3 (2014): n.p. Web. 3 April 2016.Teather highlights key reasons that informed Tokugawa’s persecution of Kirishtans (Roman Catholic Christians) during his reign. The article goes further to show the wrong reception that western Christian missionaries were received with described as cold and filled with intimidation. Munson, kabuki. The opening, closing and re-opening of Japan? Japanese foreign relation before during and after the Takugawa Shonjugate (1600-1868). Rondolph-Macon college. (2013): n.p. Web. 3 April 2016. Kibuki discusses the state of Christianity in Japan after Portuguese missionary’s arrival. It explains Japans understanding of missionaries and the adoption of a “closed country” ideology by Takugawa’s leadership. Sadler, Leon. Takugawa Ieyasu Shogun: “The old Badger.” makers of history. 5.5 (1977): 723-760. Web. 3 April 2016. Sadler highlights Tokugawa’s leadership perspectives before the arrival of missionaries, during their arrival and later discusses the measures that he took to prevent the spread of Christianity. Sadler further addresses Takugawa’s stature as a military figure and outlines the reasons that led him to accept persecution as a mode of punishment for Kirishitans and rebels. Reischauer, Ochoa. “A cautious view of Tokugawa.” Hail Japanese...
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...including all the important details. When I read the excerpt from the textbook, I didn’t feel the pain and suffering that Christians felt around that time. After I read it, I didn’t think that Christian persecution was all that bad because the textbook failed to include the specific punishments that the Romans would put Christians through. The textbook just mentions that “some rulers came to see Christianity as a threat and began persecuting those who practiced it” (Document A). This...
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...Nero, persecutions came and went and were frequently quite unorganized. However, as Rome started to decline in aspects of military affairs and politics, more and more cases of persecutions took place. Emperor Domitian, who reigned from 81 CE until 96 CE, decided to hold persecutions of his own. During this persecution, Apostle John was exiled to Patmos. During Marcus Aurelius's rule, many Christians suffered as a result of Aurelius giving permission to the governor of Lyon to either behead those Christians who were Roman, or throw them to the beasts. Emperor Commodus, reigning from 180 until 192 CE, who at first persecuted Christians by assigning them to hard labor in mines, then allegedly stopped for the sake...
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...The Christian church was created in the Roman Empire. It was thought to have originated from the East. There were plenty of other religions that were growing but it was really the Jewish religion that was attracting the most significance. The Jews were considered “God’s chosen people” throughout the Bible and this acted as a drawing force to the religion . Because the ancient Roman religion was still enforced, Christianity was not a popular belief. This faith was angering many Roman officials and historians. One roman historian specifically spoke out against the Christian faith saying “All that is loathsome comes from the East” . Many might wonder how, with so much hate and controversy, Christianity made such an impact on the world. As one...
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...Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome HUM/100 03/13/2012 Janet Schriver Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome In this paper Christian suffering through religious expression is discussed as it pertains to ancient cultures through early Greek and Roman times. Culture differences between Romans and Greeks are very different in many ways, but can be very similar as well. Romans held their practical and traditional morality in high esteem, and appeared over confident in their military, ability to organize. Looking at “culture” Romans usually seem obsessed with humanities in the form of music, dance, theater, art, literature and philosophy. In several areas, including religion looks as if it could be a part of the Greeks mythology, whereas Greeks were masters of philosophy. The main focus was on the gods they chose to worship. Philosophers in the Greek culture went on a quest to find answers to questions derived from deep contemplating whether or not there were gods. They begin to look at the universe and ask themselves whether or not gods lived there. Where did humans come from? Who made the sun or the moon? How do the stars hang in the sky? Why was humans made, what is our destiny, and is there life after death? According to http://www.serfes.org/orthodox/memoryof.htm “the Armenian Genocide began on 24 April 1915 with the mass arrest, and ultimate murder, of religious, political and intellectual leaders in Constantinople...
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..."melting pot" of the world. It houses many different cultures, nationalities, ideas and religions. There are Christians, Jews, Catholics, Buddhists, Mormons, Hindus, Spiritualists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Islamic, plus many more. America is unique in that all these religions are represented in a nation that is only 200 years old. And America has upheld, throughout history, that the freedom and equality of religion is extremely important in order for this nation to function as a free nation. The foundations of America were set as a result of England's persecution; more specifically, England's religious persecution. The colonists wanted to create a nation that allowed people to be free. They desired to speak what they wanted to speak, do what they wanted to do, and practice what they wanted to practice... without the government watching their every move. Thus came international religious freedom The first ten amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified on December 15, 1791 as a part of the United States Constitution (Burns 46). In part, the First Amendment guarantees Americans the right to freedom of religion and freedom from religion. The fight for religious liberty existed amongst early settlers and colonists literally for decades, and now, some two hundred years after the founding of this nation, clashes surface between people who seek to establish a “Christian America” and those who seek to entirely eradicate religion from public life (McClenaghan 545). Although struggles...
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...Hailey Moldenhauer 17 February 2014 Showing Love to the Loveless In his “sermon on the mount,” Jesus spoke to his disciples and the surrounding crowd about multiple different topics regarding Christian ethics. One of the topics discussed in this section of scripture deals with the idea of showing love to enemies. Jesus said, “But I tell you: Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you” (Matthew 5:44). The meaning of this command is rather straightforward: human beings are to show love to those who they might consider unfriendly opponents. An important note to take into account concerning this passage is exactly which type of “love” is being discussed. The love that Jesus speaks of is not the romantic, sentimental love that might normally come to mind. Rather, the love that people are to show towards everyone, including their enemies, is called “agape” love. This term comes from the Greek language and refers to the type of “brotherly” love that all people are encouraged to show towards others. When Jesus says to “love your enemies” he means to display an attitude of compassion towards them, not wish harm upon them, and be willing to help them if need be. In this verse, Jesus also adds that people are to pray for those who persecute them. A persecutor, in most respects, is similar to an enemy. If someone persistently bothers, threatens, or continually oppresses another, they would be considered a persecutor. Similar to the idea of showing love to enemies...
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...Crime in religion is unfortunately an everyday fact that occurs around our world while millions of people are unaware of it. Religious crimes date back through ancient times and they have been a global problem since mankind can recall. Fortunately, there have been many countries that have opened their arms and humans have found refugee. Others, however, are the cause of these persecutions due to the fact that their governments lack a justice system that protects these crimes against religions. Analyzing the beginning of human civilization we come across two factors that have always played a role. Those two factors are crime and religion. Man, since we can recall, must feel that it has the power to rule fearlessly. That is why when a group of people decide to put men's beliefs aside and follow a religion or a deity of their own, conflict emerges as fast as explosive granite. For this reason, presently we have so many crimes related to religion because some humans oppose others who have a different point of view. Humans feel the need to be accepted and when that can't be accomplished they go to extreme measurements to reach their goal. It is a shame that we must see crimes in every aspect of our lives. Even when we think religion would be the solution to uphold humanity and make it peaceful, the total opposite takes place. But this is not the worst part. Sometimes religion contributes to violence since some religions teach the concept of self sacrifice. In our world we have witnessed...
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...not to worship at all, is one that is all too often taken for granted. Few consider the tremendous lengths gone to and the enormous price paid by so many to obtain and preserve this right. In the United States when one does reflect on this matter his or her thoughts rightfully focus on the many men and women of the armed forces who fought to gain and keep the freedoms the citizens of this nation enjoy. What is often overlooked is the contributions of Baptists in the centuries long struggle to obtain religious freedom. Their struggle began not in the American colonies but rather in England a century earlier. “The freedom of religious belief and behavior which modern Baptists and others take for granted was forged in the crucible of persecution in seventeenth-century England” McBeth adds that, “No group can claim more credit for the Act of Toleration, passed by Parliament in 1689.” The struggle that began in England would later be waged again in America. Few people today realize that it is largely through the efforts of Baptists that religious freedom was granted in the Bill of Rights. The simple fact is that the religious freedom enjoyed by much of the world today could not have been achieved without the contributions of courageous Baptist leaders such...
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...The Lord had shown revelations from the bible. On one occasion an expert in the law stood up to test Jesus. "Teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?" "What is written in the Law?" he replied. "How do you read it?" He answered: "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind'; and, 'Love your neighbor as yourself.'" "You have answered correctly," Jesus replied. "Do this and you will live." But he wanted to justify himself, so he asked Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?" In reply Jesus said: "A man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, when he fell into the hands of robbers. They stripped him of his clothes, beat him and went away, leaving him half dead. A priest happened to be going down the same road, and when he saw the man, he passed by on the other side. So too, a Levite, when he came to the place and saw him, passed by on the other side. But a Samaritan, as he traveled, came where the man was; and when he saw him, he took pity on him. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. Then he put the man on his own donkey, took him to an inn and took care of him. The next day he took out two silver coins and gave them to the innkeeper. 'Look after him,' he said, 'and when I return, I will reimburse you for any extra expense you may have.' "Which of these three do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?" The expert...
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...reasons. They wanted to worship as they believed was correct. They did not want to be a part of the Church of England or belong to the Catholic Church. Many of these people wanted Queen Elizabeth to make changes to the English church and the religious services. She would not do this. For this reason the Puritans, as they called themselves because they wanted to purify the Church of England, started their own church. Because of this, the queen and the people of England persecuted these people. Some of the members of this new religion found themselves sentenced to prison or hung for their beliefs. They faced harassment, persecution, and torture for their beliefs. When King James was set upon the throne of England, he continued the harassment of these people. A quote from King James said “I will make them conform or I will harry them out of the land.” With the persecution the Puritans were suffering they chose to move to Holland. This new country gave them the freedom to worship as they chose. After a few years they found that their children were beginning to be more Dutch and less English. With a decision made to find a place that they could worship as they chose and also still be Englishmen. They could not go back to England without going to prison. Their only...
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...Northern Ireland since the 1960’s. This conflict has been defined as a religious one between the Republic of Ireland (Catholic) and Northern Ireland (Protestant). The more recognized believe that it is in reference to the political issue of separating from Britain such as the Republic did or staying “loyal to the crown” as Northern Ireland has. The final point is the hostile actions that both sides have committed in defense of their positions (Hammer, 2009). Both sides make arguments to why the other has been the source of the problem. In the following paragraphs, we will look at each side’s arguments and present the facts as they are known. Republic of Ireland The Republic of Ireland has a vivid memory of the ethnic and religious persecution they endured by their British rulers. There has been a long history of violence and discrimination based on the religious choices and their ethnic background. This is a modern example of religious and ethnic bigotry in a first world country. Citizens were afraid to practice their religion or to be affiliated with their home land based on the violence that may occur. A primary example of this is in the late 1960’s, Catholic protestors were beaten by Northern Ireland police force (Hammer, 2009). These protestors were simply marching for equal employment rights and religious freedoms. In response, the heavy handed British ruled Northern Ireland government attempted to beat them into submission. Those living in the Republic of Ireland believe...
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...Men Have Forgotten God Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn made the point that men have forgotten God in his Templeton Address. He cites several key points in which this is, in fact, the case. These facts will be brought to light in the following statements. Solzhenitsyn was persecuted for most of his life due to his beliefs and for telling what he believes to be the truth, such is the case so many times. Solzhenitsyn states that for the great disasters that had happened to Russia, “Men have forgotten God; that’s why all this has happened.” (Solzhenitsyn, 2004, p. 145) This could be true of more than just Russia, as it seems, men have forgotten God in several aspects of life. The church and schools in Russia were condemned to being persecuted, sent to prison camps, or even put to death. Religious leaders were slaughtered for no sane reason. This is due to the fact, as he states,” Militant atheism is not merely incidental or marginal to Communist policy; it is not a side effect, but the central pivot.” (Solzhenitsyn, 2004, p. 147) World War I brought about more violence and deaths at the hands, of what could only be considered as, godless men. The crimes against man were immense. There was poisonous gases being used, and there were people bombing innocent people for the sake of land and religious views. Military vehicles such as tanks were first implemented as well, wreaking more havoc in their wake. World War II, if it could have even been comprehended at the time, became even more...
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...1. Describe the first settlements by the English and their purposes. The first English settlement was Jamestown, Virginia, and it was massacred by starvation. It was also full of mosquitoes carrying malaria and other parasite carrying diseases. With such a large amount of the population dying and the fact that women were not sent to the settlement until 1619 (12 years after its origin), moral was low. In 1616 the headright system was enforced, which gave 50 acres of land to everyone who pays his own way to Virginia, and another 50 for every person they bring along. Still the settlement was built upon indentured servitude, in which the company would pay the voyage for men who would then work for the company for 4-7 years. After the end of the 4-7 year contract, the men would receive their own land. In theory it was a good plan, but most men died before the end of their contracts. Mortality rates were so high because the main purpose of the settlement was to gain a profit for the company. the men spent the majority of their time digging for gold, searching for a northwest passage to Asia, and farming tobacco, and not enough time farming or hunting! the Virginia company was a joint stock company, so in order to raise money for colonization they sold shares of their company to willing investors. The Plymouth Company was also a joint stock company. The house of Burgesses was founded to govern the settlement of Virginia. It became a royal colony in 1624. In 1632, 10 million...
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...When many British settlers came to the new world, they were searching for the myths associated with that land. These myths commonly fell along the rights and freedoms that had been restricted in England. Along with restrictions on rights, the economic situation in England was dreadful. The masses of poor became homeless and jobless. Such restrictions on rights, like freedom of speech and freedom of religion, along with the obvious disparage between the rich and the poor, caused enough discontempt for masses of people to leave the nation in search for something better. These people heard the myths of the new world, being a land where anyone could become rich and free, and instinctively immigrated. These people, being influenced by the myths of the new world and the oppression of England, created and defined life in the new world. Oppression in Europe created a society with speech and debate as some of its core values, religion as a separate and personal idea rather than a government idea, and created a value for hard work and ingenuity. Oppression of speech and open debate by England consequently created a nation with speech and debate as its core values. Among other forms of oppression, one famous and notable restricted right was the freedom of speech. England was not as much of a open monarchy as a tyrannical empire under the laws and jurisdictions of one man. As written in The Declaration of Independence, there were many attempts to project reasonable requests and petitions...
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