...UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level ECONOMICS Paper 4 Data Response and Essays (Supplement) Additional Materials: * 3 1 1 9 0 5 4 0 4 8 * 9708/43 October/November 2013 2 hours 15 minutes Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Section A Answer Question 1. Section B Answer any two questions. You may answer with reference to your own economy or other economies that you have studied where relevant to the question. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. DC (NH) 65434/2 © UCLES 2013 [Turn over 2 Section A Answer this question. 1 The effect of oil price rises In 2011, there were big increases in oil prices which led to comparisons with a period in the 1970s when oil prices also rose steeply. In the 1970s, the macroeconomic policy used in the UK was to increase budget deficits. By contrast, in 2011, the macroeconomic policy was to try to reduce the budget deficit. In the...
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...that an individual can take their experiences and memoirs with them throughout their lifetime and pass them along for future generations to share. In my generation, there are two traditions that are the most memorable times. Diwali and Christmas. In Trinidad Tobago, the Christmas traditions in particular go outside the traditional Christmas celebration. Every Trinidadian and Tobagonian passes these traditions down to every generation of all cultures. Family tradition and be interpreted as an idea or custom that a person inherits from their ancestors. Family traditions are normally an occasion or an event that is passed down through the generations. Traditions can help to shape and mold an individual's identity by teaching them about their ancestral roots. Family traditions are considered to be one of the best ways to bring various generations closer together in times of celebration. In most families, traditions are normally targeted with today's youths. Youth’s are the key to family traditions. It gives youths a sense of security in an uncertain world. Family traditions form lasting memories and gives hope to future generations when they continue and carry on their customs and traditions. Thanksgiving, is one of the United States biggest traditions. It is a time when people of this great nation all come together to say thanks and pass on what was learned to future generations. Thanksgiving is not recognized in many other countries as a significant...
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...in culture between Nicaragua and the United States that can easily be seen in their holidays, such as Christmas where everybody celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ with songs, holiday vacation, and food. First, the holidays in Nicaragua and United States have many differences. For example, In Nicaragua the Christmas celebration starts one week before Christmas day. Christmas also begins with the “Posadas” that are typical Nicaraguan customs. Posadas are special celebrations that people attend, which consist of singing different songs in the name of Jesus Christ in front of each house in the neighborhood. On the other hand here in the United State they celebrate singing carols to Jesus Christ .In both countries we put a Christmas tree and we sending greeting cards. In both countries we decorate our houses and yards with lights and different ornaments. In addition, both of them give vacation to the employees on December 25. The difference is that in Nicaragua people usually don’t work the whole week prior to Christmas day. Contrasting in United State they only give one day of vacation. This day usually, people enjoy by having lunch with the family. It is a tradition in both countries to give a gift to the kids and adults. The difference is that in Nicaragua they open the gift at midnight on December 24 and in the United State they open their gift on December 25 at lunch time. Finally, both countries celebrate with delicious food. Both of them cook turkey even though they are...
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...hy did Scrooge agree with the board members? How were they going to make the payments? How will he face poverty again? Cratchit hoped Scrooge had a plan, because he didn’t. Although Christmas was two days away, it seemed so far now that the meeting had took place. Worries had replaced the joy and happiness in his heart. He was extremely tired from his day at work, and all he wanted to do was lie in bed. When he got home, he went straight to bed and immediately fell asleep. After a few hours, his wife woke him up. “Bob, you haven’t eaten. Come eat dinner,” Mrs. Cratchit said. “If you insist,” Cratchit replied. They ate together with their children as a family, and Bob Cratchit told them about his current situation with the financial problems....
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...Holiday Celebrations Around the World/Family Traditions By Cathy Abraham/2003 HOLIDAYS CELEBRATIONS AROUND THE WORLD Curriculum Goal – Children will explore different ways in which people celebrate holidays, and foster respect for other cultures and traditions. Vocabulary: - Chanukah - Kwanzaa - Dreidel - Christmas - Ramadan Letter of the Week: C Colors of the Week: Red and Green Concepts: - Families celebrate holidays in different ways – and that’s okay - People celebrate holidays based on what they believe and where they are from - Customs and traditions are things that families do every year - People eat different kinds of food when they celebrate - A family tradition is a way of celebrating Sensory Table Ideas: Curling ribbon and blunt, round-end scissors. Teach children how to curl ribbon. Art Activities: - Children cut out a pine tree (Christmas Tree) pattern. Decorate. - Make a collage from old Christmas cards, wrapping paper scraps, etc - Christmas/holiday cookie cutter prints - Make Holiday gift wrapping paper (sponge painting, etc.) - Passover candle menorah (made out of handprint) - Kwanzaa placemat (weave even-sized red and green strips of paper) - Snoglobe (babyfood jar, silver glitter, small winter or holiday theme décor minature figure glued to the bottom. Add water. Glue babyfood jar shut) - Star of David Ornament (Children make 2 triangles out of 6 craft sticks. Glue. Place one triangle over the other at an angle, going the other way) - Pipecleaner candycanes...
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...TRACT 2 CHRISTMAS A lie of the Roman Catholic Church How did the festival (Christmas) in honour of the birth of Christ become connected with the 25th of December? There is not a word in the Scriptures about the precise day of his birth, or the time of the year when he was born. What is recorded there implies that whatever time his birth took place; it could not have been on the 25th of December. At the time the angel announced his birth to the shepherds of Bethlehem, they were feeding their flocks at night in the open fields. It was not the custom for the shepherds of Judea to watch their flocks in the open fields later than about the end of October as it was becoming too cold. Also, at the birth of Christ, every woman and child was to go to...
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...My Christmas break was not that eventful. It is a time of giving and spending time with family. I got to be with my family a lot over break. But the memories we made was not great ones to say the least. But we did make some awesome new memories to replace the old ones. My cousin,Ren, was killed on December 22, 2017. When my sister and I were told, we couldn't believe it. Ren was a great young man and everyone loved him. He was shot in the back 3 different times. When Ren's friend hear the shoots he ran out of the gas station to see him lying on the ground. There was nothing he could've done to save him. The funeral was on December 30, 2017. The funeral was not half bad except for seeing him. He was in all black and he didn't look like...
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...is, depending upon one’s family, culture and background, perceptions may differ slightly from person to person. The history of Christmas is more religious based correlating with each denomination having a unique set of beliefs. The legend of Santa and how he came about differs depending on one’s upbringing. Christmas traditions that people may practice vary from house to house but the most common practices are buying and decorating a Christmas tree, and exchanging presents with others. In mythology there is often times where unity occurs like in the myths Hera and Hephaistos and The Story of Poia. Christmas time is the time of the year when friends and family come together to celebrate the joy...
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...Maria Ina L. Elnar January 3, 2013 Rel 12- My Christmas Vacation My Christmas break turned out to be better than expected. Well I didn’t really accomplish anything but it was relatively fun compared to my previous Christmases. Every day (except for probably 2 days) I woke up at around 11 AM to 1PM, have lunch, go online, sleep again, go online some more, watch the same movies over again and sleep at around 2 AM to 4AM. I guess I’m just making up for the sleepless nights. I know, still very unproductive and very unhealthy of me but going out isn’t always fun for me. So that’s what I did most of the break. On Christmas Eve, my family went to church for the mass (we always do this because my father is very religious) and then after that we headed back home and feasted on the Noche Buena that my mother didn’t exactly make but worked hard in ordering. We ate and ate and ate. There are only five people in our household plus my parents aren’t exactly the fun type of people so it wasn’t exactly a fun Christmas (as usual) but there was food so that saves everything. Oh and the priest went to our house to have dinner and it was awkward (hehehe). After eating, the second or third round I think, we exchanged gifts! Not really exchanged because my sister and I were the only ones who actually bought gifts since my parents gave us our presents 2 months ago. That was how we always celebrate Christmas. On New Year’s Eve, we went to my cousin’s sister-in-law’s apartment...
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...O come all ye faithful O come all ye faithful joyful and triumphant Oh come ye O come ye to Bethlehem; come and behold him born the King of angels O come let us adore him Christ the Lord. We wish you a merry Christmas We wish you a Merry Christmas We wish you a Merry Christmas We wish you a Merry Christmas And a Happy New Year. Jingle Bell Rock Lyrics Jingle bell, jingle bell, jingle bell rock, Jingle bells chime in jingle bell time Snowing and blowing in bushels of fun Now the jingle hop has just begun Jingle bell, jingle bell, jingle bell rock, Jingle bells chime in jingle bell time Dancing and prancing in Jingle Bell Square In the frosty air What a bright time it's the right time To rock the night away Jingle bell time is a swell time To go gliding in a one-horse sleigh Giddy-up jingle horse pick up your feet Jingle around the clock Mix and a-mingle in the jingling beat That’s a jingle bell rock! Joy to the world Joy to the world! The Lord is come Let earth receive her King! Let every heart prepare Him room And heaven and nature sing And heaven and nature sing And heaven, and heaven and nature sing Joy to the world! the Savior reigns Let men their songs employ While fields and floods Rocks, hills and plains Repeat the sounding joy Repeat the sounding joy Repeat, repeat the sounding joy Silent Night Silent night, Holy night All is calm, all is bright Round yon virgin, mother and child Holy infant, tender...
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...Emmanuel L. McCall, Jr. Ms. Woods GE-117 4 MAR 2014 Advertising and Consumerism Over the years, advertising has been an effective means of selling products and promoting new services. Advertising for various products help consumers save money. It also puts money into companies bank accounts. Advertising new store openings provide employment opportunities for consumers out of work. Advertising also helps the environmental conservation. Advertisement is information. It relays opinion, and it inspires a reaction and it influences emotion. Advertising reaches the consumer in various ways through T.V., radio, newspaper, billboards, mobile advertising, magazines, and on the internet. However, many people argue that its successes have brainwashed consumers into spending money on items that they do not need. Many people also believe that advertising does not effectively sell products, it simply persuades the population to buy, buy, buy. I will discuss three areas of advertising to show advertising and consumerism is good and bad. The world of advertising shows many products that are displayed by companies to try and get consumers to purchase it. Lutz, William. “The World of Advertising” Dialogues. Ed Gary Goshgarian. Boston: Massachusetts, 2003. 319. Print. When sales or coupons are advertised, it helps consumers save money. Advertising has no boundaries. It ranges from clothing,...
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...Top 5 Christmas Gift Ideas for Him You Should Not Miss What’s a great gift to give your man this Christmas? Finding the right gift for your husband or boyfriend doesn’t have to be a struggle. So, before you start stressing out, check out our top 5 Christmas gift ideas for him you should not miss. 1. Chefast Tea Infuser Set Does your man drink tea regularly? If not, get him this tea infuser set by Chefast, so he can start on this healthy habit. Studies show teas support weight loss and help fight diabetes, cancer, and heart ailments. This unique tea infuser set is made of 304-grade stainless steel that’s resistant to rusting. It includes the following items: 1 multi-cup infuser 2 single cup infusers 1 scoop with bag clip Exclusive...
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...TAPULADO, Jera A. My PE 14 Experience Activity #1: CHRISTMAS DECOR MAKING We were asked to make any Christmas decoration with the use of recyclable materials. In commemoration for the season, I made flowers of green, red, white and brown colors made out of toilet rolls and construction papers. Activity #2: CHRISTMAS OUTREACH PROGRAM To give and to share is a Carolinians vision. We had a Christmas outreach program in Tisa Elementary School, where we played and ate with the children. We also gave out toys as prizes and as gifts. I personally, enjoyed playing with the children. Activity #3: BOWLING For the 2nd time in my whole life, I got to play bowling. Although the bowling ball was too heavy for me, I still managed to strike once. Playing with my friends made it even more fun. Activity #4: DANCE PRESENTATION Through this activity, I was able to become closer with my group-mates. I got a chance to know them and bond with them. I didn’t hesitate to contribute any steps I know. Our dance may be simple but the bond I had with my group made it even more fun. Activity #5: WALL CLIMBING I may be afraid of heights but I conquered my fears. I managed to finish 2 phases of the wall. And I didn’t stop in trying the other walls. I had fun and it was very memorable for me since it is my first time to try wall climbing. Activity #6: CHOREOGRAPH SINGING It was nerve wrecking at first since I don’t sing that much. But our group tried our best to entertain our classmates...
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...From the reading, I know that Scrooge is a dolorous and crabby man who is identified as all head no heart. Accordingly a tight-fisted hand at the grindstone kind of man is he accounting for every sterling. I know he hates Christmas by the response he gave to his nephew when he came to ask Scrooge to join his family for dinner. Fred, his nephew, says to Scrooge, “Christmas a humbug, you don’t mean that , I am sure.” Scrooge replies, “I do.” “Merry Christmas! What right do you have to be merry?” Fred ignores Scrooge’s contradictive response and continues to spread his joy by asking his uncle to join his family for dinner. On page six when carolers visited at his door, “Scrooge seized the ruler with such energy of action, that the singer...
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...States. As did scores of immigrants, they upheld many of their cultural behaviors while adopting the norms of American society. Food was an integral part of the transition. While food was a great way to connect with people of your own culture and of other cultures as well, the cost of living for many people of the time prevented them from enjoying all of the luxuries that we are now able to afford. “As immigrants from different regions of Italy settled in different regions of the United States and became ‘Italian-Americans,’ they brought with them diverse traditions of foods and recipes that were particularly identified with their regional origins in Italy and yet infused with the characteristics of their new home locale in America.” While my Italian heritage is somewhat evident in my daily food choices, special occasions are a time to truly celebrate in a traditional way and food is an integral part of these traditional celebrations. Because Catholicism is the primary religion of Italy, most Italian immigrants became more devoutly Catholic when they moved to the United States. This is evident in older generations in my family. As a result, the Christmas season is marked by family...
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