...Diagnosis, Treatments and Causes of Leukemia Leukemia is cancer of the blood-forming tissues and it strikes all ages and both sexes. Leukemia is a term given to a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells (Wong, 2007). The abnormal cells are leukemia cells, unlike normal blood cells; leukemia cells don't die when they should. They may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. This makes it hard for normal blood cells to do their work (Wong, 2007). This can lead to serious problems such as anemia, bleeding, and infections. Leukemia cells can also spread to the lymph nodes or other organs and cause swelling or pain. This paper examines how leukemia is diagnosed, the main types of treatment of leukemia and possible causes of leukemia (Bhojwani, 2009). Diagnosis of Leukemia Leukemia may be acute or chronic. Acute leukemia gets worse very fast and will make a person feel sick right away. Chronic leukemia gets worse slowly and may not cause symptoms for years. Doctors typically find leukemia after a routine blood test, when a patient has symptoms that suggest leukemia. Symptoms may depend on what type of leukemia a person has, but common symptoms are fever and night sweats, headaches, bruising or bleeding easily, bone or joint pain, a swollen or painful belly from an enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes, feeling very tired or weak, losing weight and not...
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...| 2012 | | Leukemia and Lymphoma Society Tawanda Bryant | [Leukemia and Lymphoma Society] | The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society (LLS) is: Cure leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease and myeloma, and improves the quality of life of patients and their families. Providing free information and support services, Leukemia and Lymphoma funds lifesaving blood cancer research around the world. | LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY TAWANDA BRYANT 11410 COUNTY ROAD 20 BOLIGEE, AL 35443 (205) 336-9851 tbryant3030@yahoo.com LEADERSHIP and ORGANIZATIONAL MAR12 SEC AA March 9, 2012 INSTRUCTOR: SHAROLYN HERGOTT LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA SOCIETY I have picked this organization because my best friend passed away last year with leukemia and I wanted to find out more on this disease and what I can do to help. Been passionate and concern about not only her health but the health of her kids, my research will show why it is important to me as well as others. Having a passion for helping other in any way I can is what I am going for. I also like the face that I can somewhat relate to their illness and pain they endure within their life. I would love to find a quicker cure for these diseases, but I know others are working on something better. Having someone close to you with any type of disease, not just leukemia or lymphoma is hard to take in and understand. Having the ability to communicate, have critical thinking, collaboration, and the ability to problem solve is what I aim...
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...* What Is a Blood Disorder? Bottom of Form Blood disorders are physical conditions that prevent the normal function of blood in the body. A disorder may involve factors that interfere with the production of the individual components found in the blood, such as hemoglobin or blood proteins. The nature of a blood disorder may also include situations where the blood does not coagulate properly, or the blood cells themselves are malformed or infected. There is a wide range of blood diseases known today. Anemia is one of the more common examples of a blood disorder. Sometimes referred to as tired blood, a person who is anemic is likely to have a lack of proteins and other elements in the blood. As a result, the blood cannot carry the needed nutrients to various parts of the body and the individual is likely to feel fatigued more often. Over time, anemia can also have a negative impact on the emotions, as the blood is unable to supply proper nutrition to the brain for the production of chemicals that help to maintain an even mood. Sickle cell anemia is one of the more serious types of anemic blood disorder. In addition to fatigue, a person suffering with this disorder is also likely to experience a great deal of pain. The pain may be localized in one part of the body or migrate to different areas throughout the course of the day. Ad Hemophilia is another relatively common blood disorder. Hemophiliacs suffer with a condition in which the blood lacks the normal ability to coagulate...
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...B-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2 is a special type of proto-oncogene found on chromosome 18. Its product is an integral membrane protein (called BCL-2) located in the membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the nuclear envelope, and in the outer membranes of the Mitochondria. The gene was discovered as a trans located locus in B-cell Leukemia, and found also in most B-cell Lymphomas. In the cancerous B-cells, the amount of chromosome 18 holding the BCL-2 locus has undergone a reciprocal translocation with the portion of chromosome 14, holding the antibody heavy chain locus. This (14; 18) translocation places the BCL-2 gene close to the heavy chain gene enhancer. This enhancer is active in the B cells- whose job is to synthesize large amounts of the antibody-. So it is not very surprising to discover that the BCL-2 protein is expressed at high levels in these T (14; 18) cells. B-cells, like all activated lymphocytes, die after they have done their jobs. This makes sure they do not linger after the threat has...
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...Bio 242 AM Reading Report 1 May 29th, 2014 Paper reviewed: Woyach, J.A. et al. 2014. Resistance mechanisms for the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. NEMJ. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1400029 Summary of paper: Ibrutinib acts as an irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) that induces a modest amount of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell apoptosis stopping B-cell receptor signaling and proliferation in vitro. Ibrutinib has been shown to have clinically significant activity in patients with relapsed CLL with 71% of patients having complete or partial response and 15-20% of patients having at least a partial response. Patients treated with Ibrutinib have a 75% progression-free survival rate. This paper investigated possible resistance mechanisms to Ibrutinib associated with mutations in BTK. Mutations were determined using whole-exome sequencing of baseline samples of patients with CLL and compared to whole-exome sequences of the patients after relapse. A cysteine-to-serine mutation in BTK at the biding site was found along with three gain-of-function mutations that are downstream from the BTK binding site that lead to autonomous B-cell receptor activity. Bias of paper: The paper was not biased. Research was funded by Funded by the National Cancer Institute and other institutions. No conflicts of interest were included in this paper. Conclusion supported? Mutations of BTK binding site and B-cell receptor pathways in this study suggest...
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...https://gumroad.com/l/Teayh SOC Final Paper Final Paper To complete this assignment, read through the scenario below and address the specific questions and issues indicated. Review the "Introduction to the Miller Family" document for specific information on each member of the family. Grandmother Ella has been dealing with cancer for years now and has tried alternative remedies and juicing. She went into remission for some time, but now the cancer has returned and she is in the hospital. Her husband, of American Indian descent, has his ideas about what needs to be done as Ella comes to the end of her life. Ella has her preferences, though she is now so weak that she has given up in many ways. The family members are each experiencing their own fears and are grieving as they face the loss that will occur as Ella’s life comes to a close. Ella prefers to die at home and has felt stressed by the discord and discomfort of family members since being hospitalized. You are the social worker for this case. You meet this family in the hospital setting as they are considering whether the patient will remain there for her final days or whether hospice and palliative care will be provided for her in her home. For this assignment, you will: Synthesize the current research that is relevant to this scenario. Discuss the cultural or traditional issues that could arise at this time. Consider how the integration of alternative and complementary medicine and beliefs, mainstream...
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...MEDICAL PURPOSES FOR MARIJUANA 3 Abstract In the medical field there are many uses for marijuana, scientifically known as cannabis sativa. The main psychoactive chemical compound in cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the plant is known to contain about sixty cannabinoids; however, most of these “minor” cannabinoids are only produced in trace amounts. Besides THC, another cannabinoids produced in high concentration by some plants is cannabiniol (CBD), which has been shown to block the effect of THC in the nervous system. (wikipedia.org) Many research teams from the United States to Madrid have reported findings of the beneficial use for cannabis. Clinical trial studies have proved that the use of cannabis in patients with HIV/AIDS, cancer, and patients that suffer from chronic pain has significantly improved their quality of life. (Ellis et al. 2008 op. cit.) Although clinical studies have proven medical use of marijuana, the United States federal government has not been convinced yet. On the state level, fourteen of the fifty states have enacted the “Medical Marijuana Law.” Each state has implemented their own policies that reflect fees for identification cards, possession limits and home cultivation. Patients in all states must provide proof of residency to be considered a...
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...different views, interests, and concerns about the future of nursing. In this paper, we will discuss the following; what has driven nursing theory development, what will drive future development in nursing theory, and how might nursing practice change as a result of evolving nursing theory? What Has Driven Nursing Theory Development? Nursing theories provide a framework for nursing care. The development of nursing theories is the fundamental step in building nursing knowledge, providing care, and nursing research. According to Jennings (1987) "Theory development is at the crux of nursing's evolution into a scientific discipline. It gives definition to nursing's body of knowledge, and direction to research and practice and it gives science direction and continuity" (p. 63). Florence Nightingale believed in promoting health and preventing illness. "Nightingale provides the profession with the expectation that nursing will be practiced by educated individuals using current research and methods (science) as well as compassion and common logic (art)" (Selanders, 2010, p. 83). What Will Drive Future Development in Nursing Theory? Nursing is a profession where change happens continuously, requiring us to keep current with medical advances, and find ways to improve patient care. Nursing theory has helped take nursing from a blue collar trade and morphed it into a research based profession. It is through research and evidence-based practice that we are able to pin point our strengths and...
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...Medicinal Cannabis….what’s all the hype? Medicinal Cannabis Jennifer L. Mello COM/156 Abstract I am writing this research paper not just to inform you, but to help educate you. There are many proven scientific trials and methods of medicinal cannabis. The research that I have found has truly enlightened my way of thinking. Segal, Ph.D. (2012), "The Jamestown settlers brought the marijuana plant, commonly known as hemp, to North America in 1611, and throughout the colonial period, hemp fiber was an important export. Indeed, in 1762, 'Virginia awarded bounties for hemp culture and manufacture, and imposed penalties on those who did not produce it.” (Jamestown Settlers Bring Marijuana to North America). Booth (2005). Medicinal Cannabis….what's all the hype? The therapeutic qualities are marvelous. Cannabinoids offer the following for patient’s antipastic, analgesic, antiemetic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory actions. People who suffer from psychiatric diseases have found relief with their conditions ranging from depression, anxiety, bipolar, and similar mood disorders. The National Institute of Health, also known to many people as NIH. This organization states that medical marijuana helps a great deal with chemotherapy, and nausea. Letting the cancer patient consume food. They have also found that people who suffer from epileptic seizures that use medicinal cannabis helps to prevent them altogether. (Potter, 1998). Cancer patients who are going...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW FOR ALTERNATIVE AND HOLISTIC MEDICINE Summer Olson University of South Dakota September 5, 2014 Author Note Summer Olson, Department of Health Sciences, University of South Dakota Summer Olson is now a junior at the University of South Dakota. This paper fulfills the critical writing graduate component of the course HSC 440, Major Issues in Health and Human Services. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Summer Olson, Summer.Olson@coyotes.usd.edu Article # 1 A study by Arvind Chopra (2013) examined how an Ayurvedic medicinal technique compares to modern remedies for osteoarthritis. Dr. Chopra is an associate at the Center for Rheumatic disease where he is a leader in research. The study...
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...| Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States English 102 Final Paper Table of Contents I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 1 II. Is Marijuana a “Gateway Drug?” ……………………………………………………... 2 III. Arguments against Legalization ………………………………………………………. 3 VI. Recent Legalization Efforts …………………………………………………………… 4 V. Medicinal Uses of Marijuana …………………………………………………………. 5 VI. Economic Arguments Against Criminalization ………………………………………. 7 VII. Marijuana Cultivation and DTO ……………………………………………………... 8 VIII. From Decriminalization to Legalization …………………………………………… 8 IX. Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Marijuana Legalization: Why Marijuana Should be Legalized in All Fifty States I. Introduction The issue of marijuana legalization in the United States is a charged one that brings forth supporters and opponents arguments alike. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Uniform Crime Reports, one marijuana-related arrest occurs every forty-two seconds in the United States. The government conducted over 1.53 million drug-related arrests in 2011, 90% for possession alone, and nearly 50% due to marijuana (FBI Uniform Crime Report). State governments are currently responding to shifts in public opinion, especially given the recent legalizations that passed in Colorado and Washington. According to Gallup Polls, more Americans supported the legalization of marijuana than not in 2011 (50% vs. 46%)...
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...defined as the disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in parts of the body or a malignant growth of a tumor resulting from these cells. However, it is not just one disease instead a large group of diseases since the action can happen in any part of the body. There is this ability the cells have to migrate from the site of origin abnormal growth and spread to distant sites. One out of every four deaths in the United States is from this disease which drives scientists to study Cancer Biology and its pathways. In studying the different pathways, there is the hope that we can either make a cure or prevent these pathways from occurring to cause these cells to override the apoptosis. In order to understand the author specific point of research we must first understand SV40-small T antigen, Rb, and p27. To begin, SV40 is a proto-oncogene which is capable of transforming several of cell types. It seems to disturbed pRb function regulating cell cycle progression, and equivalent to a light switch turning transcription in cells. Compared to pRb functions in cell cycle suppression, it prevents the cell from replicating damaged DNA by preventing its progression of the cell cycle through G1 to S phase. In general, when it binds to E2F it act as a growth suppressor and prevents the cell from going through the cell cycle. Similarly, p27 controls cell proliferation by binding and regulation the activity of Cdks (cyclin dependent kinases, which are responsible for regulation of the cell...
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...are derived from plants that have been used by traditional medical practitioners (Cragg and Newman, 2005). It is a fact that traditional systems of medicine have become a topic of global importance. African countries are at a stage where traditional medicine is considered more for its capacity to generate other medicine than for its own sake. In many cases research undertakings and the commercial use stemming from that research have always relied on information provided by the local communities and, in many instances, have hardly benefited from the research results (Rukangira, 2004) . In Africa, traditional healers and remedies made from plants play an important role in the health of millions of people. (Rukangira, 2004). Typically, studies on the medicinal plants such as Alstonia boonei have focused on the bioactivity of its chemical constituents, ethnobotany, pharmacology, and taxonomy. However, a comprehensive or systematic review on the plant is lacking. Furthermore, in much of the older literature concerning West Africa, the name Alstonia congensis has been erroneously used for Alstonia boonei. Consequently, this paper examined the effect of aqueous bark extracts of Alstonia boonei on the haematological parameters of male wistar abino rats. 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 Classification Alstonia comprises about 40 species and has a pantropical distribution. There are about twelve species of the genus Alstonia. Alstonia boonei De Wild belongs to the family Apocynaceae. The...
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...developing health related issues and complications arising from providing services to those in need. The stress associated with professions such as doctors, nurses, clergy, and family member caregivers can prove disastrous to the emotional, physical and mental well-being of these responders. Depression, burnout, and compassion fatigue are but a few of the negative results of the continued stress that is placed upon caregivers in their day-to-day dealings with the suffering. More research must be conducted to examine ways to provide awareness to the caregiver and to provide awareness training to physicians and mental health professionals who are consulted by those who are experiencing symptoms associated with caregiving. Furthermore, research must be conducted to ensure that caregivers are made aware of the resources available to them through religious institutions, healthcare providers, and social support so they may reach out and be helped. Caring for the Caregiver The purpose of this research paper is to examine the impact that caring for others has upon those within the caregiving profession. Many studies have been conducted that link caregiver stress with negative effects upon the emotional, mental and physical health of the caregiver. The American Journal of Nursing (2008) states that "the increasing numbers of family caregivers and their associated burdens and costs are a national public health concern.” Compassion fatigue, or burnout, is predominantly found among those...
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...Taji Bhinder English K101 Final Research Paper 12/17/13 Legalization of Marijuana Have you ever wondered if there is a natural medicine that can heal, help, and possibly cure people with irritable and deadly diseases? Well, there is a medicine; it’s an herb that is naturally grown from the Earth. Scientists have made discoveries leading back to 7,000 B.C.E. of this miscellaneous victor and its usage (Norml). The herb is called marijuana also known as pot, cannabis, weed, and God’s medicine in today’s society (Norml). Marijuana is a cannabinoid which is a chemical compound that naturally affects the immune and nervous system of humans and animals. It has been used for centuries as a natural therapeutic substance. This mysterious plant combats nausea, cancer, leukemia, and many other variants that still cannot be cured with prescription drugs. No one knows where this plant comes from, but findings of this plant’s DNA reach up to Northern China, thousands of years ago. For many decades this plant has been looked down upon. Media analysts and government officials in the United States give it a negative approach which allows the public to think negatively about it. Many people assume that weed is deadly because of what authority wants the public to believe, but what many do not know is the positive scientific evidence and facts that proves how effective it really is. The social policies regarding marijuana have changed throughout the years in the U.S. Although, several...
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