...Final Research Paper The Civil Rights Era, which took place during the years of 1955 till 1968, was indeed the movement that gave African Americans the push to achieve their first major accomplishments of the decade. The Civil Rights Movements goals were to break down the walls of legal segregation in public places, achieve equality and justice for African Americans, and to help make African Americans become more self-conscious when standing for all their interest. This movement not only benefited men, but it also benefited women. African American women played a large role in the history of the civil rights era. According to Lee Sartain, “Female activists were integral to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and often in the front lines of the civil rights struggle. Commentators on the period, however, have generally ignored the role of these activists mainly, because women were not prominent in media reporting on the early struggles for civil rights (Sartain).”Even as of today most NAACP members and most local branch presidents are women. Vivian Malone Jones defied segregationist Alabama Gov. George C. Wallace to enroll in the University of Alabama in 1963 and later worked in the civil rights division of the U.S. Justice Department. The African American women of the Civil Rights Era were often overlooked, because of the race and their gender. Not only was racism an issue, but also sexism. No one took a woman serious during those times; they...
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...When one thinks about civil rights what may come to mind? Possibly a person may wonder about over what civil rights they themselves have. Others might remember a certain civil rights leader that was brought out during one of the greatest movements in United States history. However, even though people know of the civil rights movement a person could never really know what struggles thousands of people went through in order to reach and preserve the rights that we all enjoy today. Let us acknowledge how they went about doing so. Within the first section of the constitution it states; all men are created equal under god. Contrary to what this natural right says, if you a minority living up to or during the 1950s – 60s you would know that these were just words on paper, not a guideline that people lived their life by. Even though a natural right looks and appears fine on paper, if people do not abide by it; it means nothing. This was the first problem faced by activists during the civil rights movement, getting a natural right (which was protected under a philosophical basis) and making it a hundred times stronger as a civil right. In essence, this was what the root to what the movement was all about. Throughout the civil rights movement our judicial system sometimes had to act as the final word when it came to a civil rights issue. One of the first victories for civil rights activists occurred in 1954 with the Supreme Court case of Brown V. Board of Education. The court ruled...
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...SMIT S PATEL Al-min, Nashid ENGLISH 096 4/24/16 If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favour freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.” Frederick Douglas said this in 1857 because of the constant struggle blacks had to face to gain their civil rights. Like many sociological ideas, racism has a familiar use and countless everyday meanings. The sociological viewpoint gives race as basically a social category and examines race relations with reference to societal constructions and development. According to Philomena Eased in her book Understanding Everyday Racism, “The specific forms racism takes are determined by the economic, political, social, and organizational conditions of society.” Many people are unaware of racism; people may ask how racism is incorporated in our lives? Why do blacks even believe that individuals are racist towards them? These are constant questions that maybe aren’t asked but definitely questioned. The answer is control. Control is the factor to racism. The more you can bring a group down and make them feel belittled, the easier it is to control them. Now let’s take a look at the history of slavery with blacks. It all started in Jamestown, Virginia which is where the first slave ships had entered in August of 1619. While blacks became upset because of being enslaved as an indentured servant they started to...
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...To: CEO From: Elementary Division Manager Date: 01-07-2013 Subject: Constructive Discharge of Employee Brought to my attention by the company attorney, a former employee has filed a legal claim against the company claiming “constructive discharge” of religious discrimination falling under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The claim stems from an alteration in the previous production schedule to better support the company’s progress and development. The new schedule is requiring employees to work 12-hour shifts with four days at work and then four days off. The four work days can occur any day of the week, Monday through Sunday. The entire production staff is required to work this rotating shift. Office staff members, however, work from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. This rotation schedule would have the former employee to be scheduled to work on a holy day considered by the former employee. This policy of scheduling led the former employee to resign. This memo aids in addressing the current situation for the company by defining constructive discharge, reviewing Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and providing recommendation that the company could conduct in resolving the current situation. Constructive Discharge Constructive discharge can be defined has when an employee’s work condition are so intolerable that would evolve into resignation by the employee (Dempsey and Petsche, 2006). This simply can be described as the employer...
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...“Discuss Civil Rights and Human Rights in the 1950s and what many individuals and groups did to combat segregation, separation, fear, ignorance and sexism.” Following the war filled 1940’s came a time of social justice. Following WWII many social issues came to light that many wanted to fix. Many strong people and organizations rose up to try to resolve these social issues. The two main issues during the 1950’s were civil rights and sexism. Both were large issues that many fought to try to resolve during these times. Civil rights was arguably the biggest issue during the 1950’s and saw many positives towards success. The NCAAP (National Association for Advancement of Colored People) become the most influential organization during the civil...
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...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...The Quest for Equality Debbie Werley U.S. History 1312 Dr. Wendell Hunnicut Final Essay March 21, 2012 Although the United States was founded on the ideal that all men are created equal, many Americans throughout our history have not enjoyed this privilege. Several issues, such as voting rights, labor equality, and equal opportunities in education have faced minorities and women in our country. Many gains in improving equality have been made. Voting rights for all Americans, improvement in workplace discrimination, and equal opportunities in education are some examples of these gains. Various prominent citizens have worked diligently throughout our history to accomplish equality for these groups using different methods. Some of these methods have worked better than others. Boycotts, peaceful marches and courtroom battles were some of the methods that brought better results. Many equality issues have affected minorities and women in our country. The fight for the right to vote was long and difficult for both groups. Although the Fifteenth Amendment was ratified in 1870, granting all black men voting rights, (Jones et al, 2009, 373) it was not until after World War II that this right was realized. Women’s suffrage was an even longer battle. Begun in 1866, when women reformers attempted to secure this right along with African American’s right to vote, women would not gain the vote until ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (Jones et al, 2009, 476). Equality...
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...Cesar Mora-Lopez History 17B Final Essay 12-17-2015 Civil rights The core of the Civil Rights Movement was all based on African Americans changing their natural given rights and being equal to whites. The South of the United States was a lot more racist than the North. The North still had a few people who wanted to keep things segregated or mistreated minorities all in all it was not great, but a bit better for African Americans there than in the South. It was always a struggle to them to feel safe or comfortable in the United States even among their own homes. It is horrible to know that many African Americans died and were tortured; sometimes this happened for the entertainment of white men and even women. Blacks were always labeled to be bad or dangerous when in reality in this time it was the white man people should have been scared of. Many African Americans had fought in the war bravely and put their lives at risk for a country that saw them less of a person. They were heroes for putting themselves at risk for a country they were scared to live in with no rights. Even in the military there was segregation going on. The whites and blacks had different areas to eat and sleep and of course the blacks had more dangerous jobs than the whites. When the war was over instead of blacks being seen as heroes just like many of the whites were seen, blacks were harassed killed and during their arrival had people would throw things at them. Thankfully President Harry Truman...
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...Unit 9 Final Assignment: A movement that is changing the world Shadrach Diamond Kaplan University SS 310-06 April 25, 2012 The 1960s was a decade filled with changes that had an effect on the nation and the world like none other. During this period, Civil Rights movements took place, the country was at war, a U.S. president was assassinated, and humans walked on the moon. Music and television were creating a completely different culture. For the first time a presidential election was broadcast on TV giving millions of Americans the ability see this event, and the Beatles were influencing the youth with their magical music and lyrics. The events that occurred in this decade not only touched this planet as a whole, but it also made an impression on my personal life. The city I live in saw a big change during the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s. New Orleans, Louisiana, has a large black population who shared the same dream that Martin Luther King spoke about at the Capital. “On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 people from across the nation came together in Washington, D.C. to peacefully demonstrate their support for the passage of a meaningful civil rights bill, an end to racial segregation in schools and the creation of jobs for the unemployed” (Hansan, n.d.). Martin Luther King Jr. was a pioneer for the Civil Rights movement who encouraged other people to follow him and help change the country’s laws. Because of the advancements in the Civil...
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...manual that potential employees and companies alike must remain cognoscente of. Essential items that must be included within a company’s policy manual consists of equal opportunity and employee rights, benefits, performance appraisals as well as employee separations. Through the reading of this review the reader will be enabled to understand why exactly these factors must be included within an organization’s policy manual. Employee Rights Within any company policy manual the legal rights of an employee is an essential inclusion. These rights include The Civil Rights Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, The Occupational Safety and Health Act, and the Americans with Disabilities Act. Having these such laws within the policy manual of an organization insures that the company is in compliance with all national and state employment laws where it is a necessity to provide each employee with their entitled right. These laws being stated also greatly assists the employees better understand what laws in fact are in place to protect them within the workplace. The policy manual is also a beneficial place to list these laws as both organization and employee can have one select booklet that lists are legal requirements by both parties. The Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1964. Title VII of this Act prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin. The inclusion of this act is pertinent to both...
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...Evolution of the Right to Petition, and Modern Applications Back when I lived in Houston, TX there was a plan to place a small sewage treatment facility right next to the entrance of my neighborhood. As soon as residents heard of this plan they immediately gathered to petition our local government to stop these plans in their tracks. Soon after submitting their petition the group was met with a lawsuit from the company responsible for construction, claiming charges of defamation. Every day Americans assume they are able to enjoy and exercise the inalienable rights that were protected by our founding fathers in the Bill of Rights. However, in recent years it has come to the attention of many that our right to petition, as protected in the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, may be at risk. The source of concern is a controversial one that forces us to weigh the importance of our right to enter a plea against another citizen, against our right to petition freely without fear of redress. Over the past couple decades Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation in government, also know as SLAPPs, have become a tool used by corporations (especially those in real-estate) to silence critics who petition against their actions. The goal of delay and distraction is accomplished by forcing defendants to bear the burden of litigation costs in order to defend themselves from the impending lawsuit. Twenty-Eight states have already passed anti-SLAPP statutes, however I believe it is...
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...Such as another example when you see teenagers play loud music in a public part. Most adults will find it rather annoying vs. a teen who is enjoying the music. i. The four parts of a social problem is Emergence, Coalescence, Bureaucratization, and decline. Stage one emergence within this stage, social movements are preliminary and there is little to no organization. An example of this, is the Civil Rights Movement in 1950’s. Stage two Coalescence, which considers itself more as an obstacle with many, can’t overcome. Often though, these social problems usually pass without and actual problems or organizing of any kind. An example of this would be people in a community can complain to each other about other people’s injustice but they don’t ever come together and actually solve the problem. We can also call this Gossip. Stage three is Bureaucratization which is characterized by way higher levels of organizations. In this situation, some movements usually have success and raise awareness to a problem to such a degree that it can be strategized and handled properly. The final stage is decline; or now, when hearing this word it does not mean declined and fail through the stages or any kind of social movement. 2. Is it in everyone’s best interest that social problems are solved? Does everyone want all social problems removed or do some benefit by their presence? If so, give an example. a. I don’t think social problems will ever go away. Quite frankly, I don’t think...
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...Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila EN BANC G.R. No. 101083 July 30, 1993 JUAN ANTONIO, ANNA ROSARIO and JOSE ALFONSO, all surnamed OPOSA, minors, and represented by their parents ANTONIO and RIZALINA OPOSA, ROBERTA NICOLE SADIUA, minor, represented by her parents CALVIN and ROBERTA SADIUA, CARLO, AMANDA SALUD and PATRISHA, all surnamed FLORES, minors and represented by their parents ENRICO and NIDA FLORES, GIANINA DITA R. FORTUN, minor, represented by her parents SIGRID and DOLORES FORTUN, GEORGE II and MA. CONCEPCION, all surnamed MISA, minors and represented by their parents GEORGE and MYRA MISA, BENJAMIN ALAN V. PESIGAN, minor, represented by his parents ANTONIO and ALICE PESIGAN, JOVIE MARIE ALFARO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and MARIA VIOLETA ALFARO, MARIA CONCEPCION T. CASTRO, minor, represented by her parents FREDENIL and JANE CASTRO, JOHANNA DESAMPARADO, minor, represented by her parents JOSE and ANGELA DESAMPRADO, CARLO JOAQUIN T. NARVASA, minor, represented by his parents GREGORIO II and CRISTINE CHARITY NARVASA, MA. MARGARITA, JESUS IGNACIO, MA. ANGELA and MARIE GABRIELLE, all surnamed SAENZ, minors, represented by their parents ROBERTO and AURORA SAENZ, KRISTINE, MARY ELLEN, MAY, GOLDA MARTHE and DAVID IAN, all surnamed KING, minors, represented by their parents MARIO and HAYDEE KING, DAVID, FRANCISCO and THERESE VICTORIA, all surnamed ENDRIGA, minors, represented by their parents BALTAZAR and TERESITA ENDRIGA, JOSE MA. and REGINA...
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...Senior Research Project: Is the right to bear arms ethical? Lucas Van Duyn Senior Seminar: Business Ethics Dr. Jewe July 31, 2012 Introduction to the Project: In the United States, research into firearms and violent crime is fraught with difficulties, associated with limited data on gun ownership and use, firearms markets, and aggregation of crime data. Research studies into gun violence have primarily taken one of two approaches: case-control studies and social ecology. Gun ownership is usually determined through surveys, proxy variables, and sometimes with production and import figures. In statistical analysis of homicides and other types of crime, which are rare events, these data tend to have poison distributions, which also presents methodological challenges to researchers. (Just Facts, 2010) Americans own an estimated 270 million firearms, approximately 90 guns for every 100 people. In 2009, guns took the lives of 31,347 Americans in homicides, suicides and unintentional shootings. This is the equivalent of more than 85 deaths each day and more than three deaths each hour. 66,769 Americans were treated in hospital emergency departments for non-fatal gunshot wounds in 2009. Firearms were the third-leading cause of injury-related deaths nationwide in 2009, following poisoning and motor vehicle accidents. Between 1955 and 1975, the Vietnam War killed over 58,000 American soldiers – less than the number of civilians killed with guns in the U.S. in an average...
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...Women in the Workforce Ask yourself if the rights and equality of the women in the workforce has changed as much as it should have over the last eighty eight years and then ask why. The women were given the right to vote in August 1920 after years of protests, but even then it took another fifty years before all fifty states had it written into law and practiced. The Second World War provided another opportunity for women to crush the belief that they could not perform and maintain the work or work load of a man by doing their jobs. Even though they performed the work at a level equal, and sometimes more proficient than a man, the jobs were handed back over to the returning military men with only a fraction of change in making these jobs more available to women. Now knowing they could do a man’s job, bring home the bacon and fry it up in a pan to support a family, was now know throughout the country and world. In the 1960’s another spark ignited the women cause for equality with the National Woman’s party and others in congress. The sixties on into the early seventies may be remembered as the era of Love and Peace, but I would have to say it was one of the most violent and productive times of the century. The addition of Sex Discrimination to the Civil Rights Bill at the last minute added another chapter in our history. Early in 1919 the House of Representatives passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 90, and the Senate approved it 56 to 25. Within the government when...
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