...Civil Rights The civil rights movement was a worldwide political movement for equality before the law occurring between approximately 1950 and 1980. In many situations it took the form of campaigns of civil resistance aimed at achieving change by nonviolent forms of resistance. In some situations it was accompanied, or followed, by civil unrest and armed rebellion. The process was long and tenuous in many countries, and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although, the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people. Table of Contents Malcolm X…………………………..pg. 3 - 5 Martin Luther King Jr. ……………pg. 6-7 Rosa Parks ………………………….pg. 8- 10 Stokely Carmichael…………………pg. 11-14 Marcus Garvey………………………pg. 15-17 Frederick Douglass…………………..pg. 18-20 John Brown…………………………pg. 21- 23 Medgar Evers ………………………pg. 24- 25 Nat Turner…………………………..pg. 26- 27 Homer Plessy……………………..pg. 28-30 Malcolm X [pic] Malcolm X May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz,was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. Detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, and violence. He has been called...
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...Civil Rights Leader Outline: Thurgood Marshall I. Introduction to a profile and assessment of Thurgood Marshall II. Marshall's achievements are significant. A. He had an effective, escalating legal and civil rights career (Cartledge, 2001) 1. as an attorney, judge, solicitor general and Supreme Court justice. 2. as legal counsel for the NAACP. B. He handled cases for disadvantaged and poor clients (Black History in America, n.d.). C. He successfully argued important, groundbreaking civil rights cases (Sherrard, n.d.). D. He was the first African American Supreme Court justice (Sherrard, n.d.). III. Marshall's achievements have been acknowledged and appreciated. A. The U.S. Congress praised his work on several occasions (Cartledge,...
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...Coretta Scott King was an important civil rights leader. She was born on April 27, 1927 in Heiberger, Alabama. She grew up on a farm with her parents, Obadiah Bernice Scott, who were farmers. She had two siblings. Coretta, her sister, and her mother helped around the farm. Coretta went to an elementary school for six years before going to Lincoln High School. She had to walk six miles to get to her elementary school, while the white students rode the bus. At Lincoln, Coretta found an interest in music. She decided that music would be part of her career. Coretta graduated from Lincoln having the highest grades. She went to Antioch College to teach. After marrying Martin Luther King Jr., she had four children; Martin Luther King III, Yolanda...
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...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
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...Was the legislation that gave African Americans equal rights to ‘whites’ the result of famous, glorified leaders such as Martin Luther King and Lyndon Johnson or was it those who worked behind the scenes, the local groups and individuals, who set the stage for these legal amendments to be possible? The Civil Rights Movement was one of the most significant events in the modern history of the United States that has formed the basis of many of its core values and laws today. The Civil Rights Movement unofficially ended with the passing of the long awaited “1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act” which legally saw an end to the racial discrimination faced by African Americans. However the historiography of the Civil Rights Movement has “undergone some serious revision” since 1965 as it ‘gained popular appeal.’ Initially the Civil Rights Movement was “romanticized” and considered to be a “heroic narrative of moral purpose and personal courage by which great men and women inspired ordinary people to rise up and struggle for their rights” such as the famed Martin Luther King, who was painted as the ‘driving force behind the movement’ ,President Lyndon Johnson and Kennedy and organisations such as ‘The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People’ (NAACP) This idea of the federal government, prominent leaders and organisations playing the defining role in the passing of these bills soon became less plausible in the 1970’s and 1980’s as the “second...
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...Axia College Material Appendix C Leaders and Legislation of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements Identify leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |Booker T. |1856 |Tuskegee Institute |Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute...
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...Civil Rights are defined by Merriam-Webster as the rights that every person should have regardless of his or her sex, race or religion. The fifties planted the seeds for the cultural conflict that traversed the nation in the sixties, a time when civil rights in inequality, an unfair situation in which some people have more rights or better opportunities than other people, created division and discord. Injustices such as the denial of full citizenship rights, equal opportunity in education, jobs, access to transportation and public facilities experienced by African Americans led to The Civil Rights Movement in the United States and a time of social unrest. The Civil Rights Movement was about the campaign of African Americans who had visions of equality and sought social change. Janie Mae Overton was an African American woman who, along with many others, was actively involved in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. Her involvement included participation in non-violent demonstrations, sit-ins and marches against inequality and social injustice which was the African American experience....
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...marriage ended in divorce. Moody died on February 5, 2015 at the age of 74. Anne Moody was an African-American author who wrote about her experiences growing up poor and black in rural Mississippi. As a child she faces many problems, join the Civil Rights Movement, and fight racism against blacks. Anne's popular autobiography book called “Coming of Age in Mississippi,” tells the story of her struggles and triumphs in this rural Mississippi town. When growing up Anne encountered many problems. Her uncle George Lee used to beat her when he would babysit her and her little sister Adline. Their house caught on fire once because her uncle was trying to burn her. In addition, Anne's father leaves his family and his responsibilities for a life of uncontrolled sex, gambling, and alcohol. At a young age she began working for white families in the area, cleaning their houses and helping their children with homework for only a few dollars a week. Her mother boyfriend Raymond and Anne never got along and they encountered major problems. Anne child hood was extremely difficult, but through all those conflict she was still successful in life (Coming of Age in Mississippi). Anne Moody had originally begun her fight for civil rights as a direct result of Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American boy who was brutally murdered in 1955. Emmet Till was a young boy from Greenwood, who was killed for whistling at a white girl. This incident really affected Moody; she was scared...
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...March is a form of a graphic memoir that accounted the live of John Lewis struggle for civil and human rights meditating. The tradition graphic book frames the aspects of Lewis’s early life and his early role in the Civil Rights Movement. Congressman John Lewis (District 5,Georgia) is also the only man who spoken at the 1963 March on Washington who is still alive. 23 years of age he addressed the crowd of more than 200,000 the Lincoln Memorial 50 years ago. In this autobiography, he talks about a many civil rights leaders that he meet along the way or heard of. As a child, his parents gave him responsibility of taking care of the family chickens. (Lewis 20) They live in Pike County, Alabama and had a farm 110 acres of cotton, corn, and peanut fields. He feels compassion for the chickens and even practice preaching to the birds when he received a Bible from his uncle. He always wanted to be a preacher and by the time he was five he could read the Bible to himself. The summer of 1951 he took a trip to Ohio with his uncle and realized that life over there was completely different from where he stays. It was more upbeat and his uncle even had white people staying next to them. Lewis was always serious about his education and sometimes his family needed him to stay home...
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...Tehran Jones History 102 Charles Grear November 14, 2014 Merriam-Webster defines civil right as “the nonpolitical rights of a citizen; especially those guaranteed to U.S. citizens by the 13th and 14th amendments to the Constitution and by acts of Congress”. Technically, a civil right is “an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury” (Cochran, 2007). Some examples of civil rights are the freedom of the press, speech, the right to assembly, the right to vote, and the right to equality in public places. However, not all of these are perfectly observed in the United States despite the amount of efforts that is done to prevent discriminations on age, sex, race, religion,...
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...very well be held true for Anne Moody. Unlike most famous civil rights activist, Moody grew up as a poor and an oppressed black woman from a rural area; and that environmental factor alone greatly attributed to her preparation for the civil rights movement that she so boldly endured. What is most impressive about Moody was her uncanny ability as a child growing to never give up on herself and stick up for what she thought was just simply right. Anne Moody obviously grew up with an unfavorable home life situation by having a single mother to take care for her and her siblings, being raised poor, and simply just being black in the South during the Jim Crow years. As a child growing up Moody accepted society as it was and did not see the difference in skin color until an incident at the movies. Moody would later on experience a variety of racial occurrences that help mold her into the person she later became, but at a young age, Moody, had already laid groundwork for the correct mindset to tackle racism and segregation. Experiencing various acts of racism fortunately would lead her have the perseverance to overcome the lack of civil rights for African Americans and approach the issue as an unacceptable one. Moody throughout her childhood just couldn’t begin accept the idea that blacks were an inferior race solely based upon their appearance. Such a concept of “superior” genetics would coincide with early civil rights activists despite Moody’s actual motive at the time. In a sense...
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...marriage ended in divorce. Moody died on February 5, 2015 at the age of 74. Anne Moody was an African-American author who wrote about her experiences growing up poor and black in rural Mississippi. As a child she faces many problems, join the Civil Rights Movement, and fight racism against blacks. Anne's popular autobiography book called “Coming of Age in Mississippi,” tells the story of her struggles and triumphs in this rural Mississippi town. When growing up Anne encountered many problems. Her uncle George Lee used to beat her when he would babysit her and her little sister Adline. Their house caught on fire once because her uncle was trying to burn her. In addition, Anne's father leaves his family and his responsibilities for a life of uncontrolled sex, gambling, and alcohol. At a young age she began working for white families in the area, cleaning their houses and helping their children with homework for only a few dollars a week. Her mother boyfriend Raymond and Anne never got along and they encountered major problems. Anne child hood was extremely difficult, but through all those conflict she was still successful in life (Coming of Age in Mississippi). Anne Moody had originally begun her fight for civil rights as a direct result of Emmett Till, a 14-year-old African-American boy who was brutally murdered in 1955. Emmet Till was a young boy from Greenwood, who was killed for whistling at a white girl. This incident really affected Moody; she was scared...
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...SMIT S PATEL Al-min, Nashid ENGLISH 096 4/24/16 If there is no struggle, there is no progress. Those who profess to favour freedom, and yet depreciate agitation, are men who want crops without plowing up the ground. They want the ocean without the awful roar of its many waters.” Frederick Douglas said this in 1857 because of the constant struggle blacks had to face to gain their civil rights. Like many sociological ideas, racism has a familiar use and countless everyday meanings. The sociological viewpoint gives race as basically a social category and examines race relations with reference to societal constructions and development. According to Philomena Eased in her book Understanding Everyday Racism, “The specific forms racism takes are determined by the economic, political, social, and organizational conditions of society.” Many people are unaware of racism; people may ask how racism is incorporated in our lives? Why do blacks even believe that individuals are racist towards them? These are constant questions that maybe aren’t asked but definitely questioned. The answer is control. Control is the factor to racism. The more you can bring a group down and make them feel belittled, the easier it is to control them. Now let’s take a look at the history of slavery with blacks. It all started in Jamestown, Virginia which is where the first slave ships had entered in August of 1619. While blacks became upset because of being enslaved as an indentured servant they started to...
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...Why did the Civil Rights movement become fragmented after 1966? The civil rights movement became fragmented after 1966 for a number of reasons such as the difference between peace and violent methods, legal campaigns, collaboration with whites and the difference between separation or integration. The decision to use peaceful or violent protests was one of the reasons as to why the civil rights movement became fragmented after 1966. King advocated that protests should remain peaceful in order for them to get what they want. He showed he could do this by having many peaceful marches for example the March on Washington which JFK feared would become violent but King proved him wrong. However, after the Meredith shooting CORE and SNCC put an emphasis on more radical ways such as self-defence and the use of violence. Leader of SNCC Stokely Carmichael argued that black people needed to use violence to defend themselves. Therefore, this caused the civil rights movement to become fragmented because the difference of violent and non-violent protests caused divisions between the civil rights groups. Another reason the civil rights campaign became fragmented after 1966 was the disagreement of whether or not using the legal system was an effective method of advancing civil rights. The NAACP and SCLC fought for legal change and were committed to working with the American legal system. However, the lack of legal segregation in the north meant that black Americans in northern states didn’t...
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...a demonstration, a political demonstration, which was held in the city of Washington, D.C. in the year of 1963. This political demonstration was held by civil rights leaders to protest the racial discrimination happening in the country at the time and also to show the support for very important civil rights legislation that was on hold in Congress. All they wanted was to peaceably have equal justice for all United States citizens under the law. The day of March on Washington, the 28th of August in 1963, on the nation’s capital, a quarter of a million americans converged from all over the united states of America. This day was by far a defining moment in the history of the Civil Rights movement. The plans for this March On Washington started in 1962....
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