...and then the eventual restoration of the Monarchy. Richardson is correct to state that the events that occurred were “inherently controversial… momentous and far reaching” which are still debated today. This debate rages on whether these events can constitute a Revolution. It is dependent on what definition of the word Revolution is enacted. Historians such as Jeff Goodwin provide interpretations of what it means to have a Revolution, which shall be further explored, however what ultimately accounts is how the events and interpretations of the time fit into these interpretations. Ultimately there are two ways to look at Revolution, firstly there is the struggle or initial violent uprisings of the populous against the established state. The other way of looking at a revolution is to also examine the more long term changes or effects in the mind-set of the contemporise. In other words the changes in the way men think. Richardson pushes the idea of the initial struggle constituting a Revolution whereas others such as Hill believe that the long-term effects are more significant. Both arguments both valid against differing definitions of Revolution. Similarities between the French and English Revolutions will also provide a stark comparison of the English situation as well as a comparison with the events in the rest of Europe, why would event’s in England constitute a Revolution if similar events occurred abroad. Ultimately what we understand to be a ‘Revolution’ today is what Jeff...
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...!"#$%&'#(")*)"(+$"+$,"-..*$/-(+-0$$ Political Risk Analysis !!! May 2012 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!"#$%&'($!")*+,'&$! !!!!-.($/!0*!-.1! !!!!-.#23#&!4*''#)5! !!!!6&2(2!7185&! !!!!9)&5.&'!:(55&2! TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Dommert)......….……………………………………....4 INTRODUCTION...…………………………………………………………………7 A. PROJECT BACKGROUND (Brockman)…………………………..…………………..7 B. SIERRA LEONE (Chu)…………………….………………….…………………......8 C. IHS POLITICAL RISK RATINGS AND RANKING INDEX (Mittal) ……….......……....10 !" III. IV. Choice of IHS Model …………………..………………………...……......12 !!" Model Improvements …………………………………………...………....13 RISK MAP (Mittal, Gupta)………………………….……………………………...14 RISK ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION, & MANAGEMENT.………..…………17 A. POLITICAL RISK (Brockman) ……………………………………………...……..17 i. Introduction ……………………………………………………...….……17 ii. War and External Threats …………………………………...……………..20 !!!" Civil and Labor Unrest ……………………………………………...…......23 !#" Internal Violence ………………………………………………..……...…27 #" Regime Instability ………………………………………………..…...…..29 B. SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS ………………….………………………………...…...33 i. Economic Instability (Gupta) ………………………………………….…..33 ii. Energy Vulnerability (Gupta) …………………………………………..….37 iii. Environmental Activism (Mittal)………………………………………...…42 iv. Ethno-Linguistic Factionalism (Mittal)…………………………….……….45 C. COMMERCIAL PETROLEUM RISKS …………...…………………………...………53 i. Constraints on Foreign Oil Company Investment (Chu)……...…………...…53 ii. External Transfer...
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...Event Analysis 1 Event Analysis: World War II LaKisha J. Williams PAD540 International Public Administration Dr. Angela Parham Strayer University February 7, 2013 Event Analysis 2 Event Analysis: World War II World War II The United States stood in shock and fear as Japan initiated their attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor with absolutely no warning. After the Great Depression of the 1920s, Japan was left without the resources they largely depended on the United States to provide. As Japan’s population became more overcrowded and their resources became scarce, the Japanese military decided to try and take over lands in China; mainly Manchuria. The Empire of Japan was aimed at taking over East Asia. As tensions arose between Japan and China the United States under the leadership of Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt (in the beginning) decided that they did not have any stake siding with either country. Up to this point the United States policy in China was based on the principle known as the Open Door Policy in which any and all countries were free to trade and make investments with and within China. The United States felt that if they sanctioned Japan and China, both economically and with military assistance, it would be enough for Japan and China to stop the fighting, but it didn’t. At that point Japan decided to accept Germany as an ally and...
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...Mackenzie and Weisbrot provide an analysis of the changes which took place within the political and social constructs of the United States. Firstly, Mackenzie and Weisbrot stray from the popular view that this transformation was conducted entirely on the shoulders of Presidents John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. They argue that in addition to presidential support by both men, the reform movements of the 1960s were bolstered by a shift in congressional structure....
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...international community didn’t give one damn for Rwandans because Rwanda was a country of no strategic importance” – these are the words General Romeo Dallaire, Force Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission For Rwanda (UNAMIR) used to describe the reaction and failure of the international community to the Rwandan Civil War and the genocide which erased roughly one tenth of the Rwandan population. Often described as one of the fastest, most brutal genocide in the history of mankind, it is nowadays also seen as one of the biggest, if not the biggest, failure of the UN to act according to what they obliged themselves to in paragraph one of article one of the UN charter. With this scientific analysis we aim at researching the (re-)actions of the UN and the incentives and motives that lead to them in order to explain how and why such a tragic event could happen under the eyes of the international community. However, to reconstruct how the civil war started one has to see the events in a historical context that dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. After possession of the colony Rwanda has been given to Belgium in the aftermath of World War I, the Rwandan population, until then peacefully living and working together, has been divided into “races” based on physical characteristics. This has been institutionalized by giving out different ID cards to “label” the status. Supremacy and the right to hold about 95% (Porter 2011) of all leadership positions was given...
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...Sophia Fan Mr. Carter & Mrs. Farley Humanities - Matteo Ricci November 15, 2012 The Domino Effect of the White Terror Have you ever tapped lightly against one domino and watched it knock down a whole line of these small squares? It is amazing how one single action can reciprocate so many other events. This is not only the case for dominoes, of course- everyday events have occurred like this too. A perfect example of the domino effect is the Communist split from the Nationalists, commonly known as the White Terror. This sudden purge only lasted around three nights, but the effects of the split would last for many decades in the future. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) split from the Chinese Nationalists in 1927 affected both China itself and other foreign nations through the triggering of major wars, changes in international relations, and the formation of modern China- one of the world’s leading economies. The effects of the split, both positive and negative, would last for many years to come. After splitting from the Nationalists, Mao Zedong led the legendary Long March- a campaign that would garner support for him and split the country into two parties. Although the route was extremely long and dangerous, the popularity gained along the way sustained the marchers. As Mao Zedong wrote in his 1935 poem The Long March, “the Red Army fears not the trials of the Long March, holding light ten thousand...
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...Name Professor English 1B 03 March 2014 Faulkner’s Use of Southern Gothic and Mississippi Faulkner might have well been named as one of the most influential American writers of the South while some critics despised his work. William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi, on September 25, 1897 (“William Faulkner Bio”). His love for poetry early on helped shape his writing style. Faulkner became an accomplished writer producing novels, short stories, poetry, and even dabbled in screen work media. As a Novel Prize laureate, he spent most of his life in Lafayette County, Mississippi. Many of his fictional stories take place in Yoknapatawpha County, a place he created based on the setting in Lafayette. As a native of Mississippi, the American South’s culture had a big influence on him. His inspiration for writing came from his grandfather (Cruz). He not only loved his grandfather but wanted to be just like him. His passion for literature sent him on a journey to the University of Mississippi. While attending school, he worked for The Scream writing comic strips. (Cruz). Faulkner traveled a lot with his father while he was younger. Like most, he had strong Southern values and pride. He seemed to have a different stance on equality and the issues of inequality taking place. Faulkner encouraged equality amongst the citizens. His literature uses several situations where people of race, gender, or class are discriminated against (Cruz). Faulkner’s ability to write seemed...
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...The writer does a great job at expressing his opinion on the matter early on in the article by stating “the way the North remembers the Civil War is also deeply flawed and misleading”. He continues to back up his assumption that the North remembers the Civil War differently than how it actually was by highlighting important events that many people are not aware of such as the incident involving Robert Peckham. He says “when Deacon Peckham espoused abolitionist sentiments, the church fathers excommunicated him….because they thought his ideas too extreme.” This backs up his title because when learning about the Civil War, you always hear about the South going against abolition, but you never hear about the North being against abolition because, like the title suggests, the North remembers the Civil War differently. The writer uses facts but also assumptions like “abolition made his neighbors angry”. Howard does a better job than Demby by making his piece more fact based followed by analysis of the event as opposed to writing more about people’s on the...
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...Peoples views are divided on the Syrian conflict between those who view it as a revolution, and those who view it as a civil war. Revolution inevitably holds characteristics of civil conflict, there is a aspect of civil conflict that must not be looked at in all revolutions. There is a horrible truth about the Syrian problem which is overwhelming, that there are Syrians fighting and killing other Syrians in Syria. The civil conflict taking place in Syria is not a purely sectarian one. The western media exaggerates the extent to which the conflict can be so described. An arrogant Orientalist set of views refuses to understand the Syrians have a much different life. It revolves around death and pain. Sectarian war is the inevitable the destiny of Syrians. Not every conflict is about discrimination or for religious reason. The Spanish Civil War was a conflict between the supporters of the Republic and the fascist followers of Franco. The situation in Syria is closer to the previous example than sectarian civil war. One of the biggest reason behind civil conflict in Syria is the uprising of Syrians against a new feudal class that had enslaved them in syria. For rxample, the majority of Muslim Sunni rebels are moved by a will towards social justice and revenge against these feudalists, rather than exclusively by a sense of Sunni discrimination. In Syria, Syrians are fighting for different political reasons. Certainly some parties have religion focused political reasons...
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...The year, 1850 is a very significant era in the history of United States being the pre civil war era. The north was undergoing huge developments and progress and people were immigrating to big cities. The southern region is a total contrary example, with a total of 3.2 million black slaves. The region was not developing due to total dependence and cotton production, rather than, industrialization. The era presents two entirely different regions in the same region leading to the civil war in the end. Contrary to north, southern region had feudal society and prevalence of slavery. There were extremely rich, each with enslaved people. The difference was escalating between both regions, and people belonging to those regions they identified themselves as different people. The difference led to the Civil war in the end. Kansan is 1850’s The state of Kansas possesses a central place in civil war history, as well as, the pre civil war era. Before the beginning of civil war, Kansas was undergoing fights between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups. The tension was centered to address the notion, whether Kansas would be regarded as slave or a Free State territory or a slave state territory Negros (Kleppnerr, p. 300-316). The issue was to maintain peace between Abolitionists and slave holders. The slavery and its opposing groups initiated war on Kansas border in 1850, which is known as ‘the border war’. Since, the government decided to shift a huge number of Native Americans to Kansas,...
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... 20th Century History of the Americas Alternative The Written Account & Assessment Criteria A. Plan of the Investigation B. Summary of Evidence C. Evaluation of Sources D. Analysis E. Conclusion F. Sources and Word Limit Sample History IAs 1Trotsky and the Russian Civil War 2US in Chile 3Women in the French Revolution 4PreWWI Alliances 4 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 1 2 2 3 4 10 16 Information in this guide is gathered from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to: The IB History Course Guide, Oxford’s IB Skills and Practice, IBOCC, and anecdotal experience. What is the History IA? The History IA is your chance to explore a period, theme, or event in history that you are interested in. For full IB Candidates, it also serves as 20% of your final History Grade. The final paper will be assessed by your teacher, with a sampling sent off to IB for score moderation. The History IA asks you to use the full range of skills you have been taught in class. In particular: ● knowledge and understanding ● application and interpretation ● synthesis and evaluation ● document analysis The structure of the IA is unlike any history paper you have ever written (and will most likely ever write again). An easy way to think of it is as a “deconstructed research paper,” or for those of you who are ...
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...The Role of the 1990-1993 Civil War as a Precursor to the 1994 Rwandan Genocide Nora Aly Student #10025622 Poli470 Words: 3,451 Introduction: Background of Rwanda Ethnic distinctions and fragmentations, whether actual or perceived have proved to be the causes of several genocides throughout history; in the case of the Rwandan genocide, this was no exception. The Twa, the Hutu and the Tutsi were and continue to be the groups of people constituting Rwanda (Pearn J, 203). Tensions and conflicts with groups in Rwandan society, primarily with the Hutus and the Tutsis eventually led to the immensely destructive 1994 genocide of the Tutsi people as well as Hutu people perceived to be Tutsi sympathizers and supporters. The 1994 Rwandan Genocide, executed mainly by Hutu powers, resulted in approximately 10,000 deaths for 100 days which is the highest rate of killing seen throughout any known act in history (Cohen, J). Within the time period of the communal existence of the Hutus and the Tutsis, political struggle, rivalry, colonization, and civil war were all factors that assisted in leading to the tension that finally erupted into a brutal act of genocidal violence against all Tutsi people. Close examination and analysis of the civil war which occurred during 1990-1993 between the Hutus and the Tutsis, will be elaborated extensively to assist in accounting for the eruption of the genocide. Through a close, detailed analysis of the political, ethnic and socio-economic factors that...
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...Civil War and Slavery January 30, 2011 HIS 325: African American History Civil War and Slavery The decade of 1850s was a very fateful and turbulent time in the US history. This is when the seeds of the US Civil War began due to the North and the South disagreeing on the status of the slaves and the idea of slavery. The South had many plantations that were run by the slaves and the North was in favor of abolishing slavery. The South knew that if slavery was abolished, they would stand to lose a lot as they would have to pay their farmers instead of them being their slaves. The North was more industrialized and it really did not have much need for slaves and slavery. It is perhaps most interesting to note that slavery had a very direct relation with the Civil War as one of the root causes for the start of the war was because of slavery. Slavery was introduced in the America during the early colonial times and the American Revolution had established that all men should be equal. There was a lot of debate amongst the Americans and the North and the South came across a rift when it came to the ideas regarding slavery. The South had more plantations and needed more workers and this is why they favored slavery. The North had different ideas and they wanted the freedom of the slaves. This caused a rift and was the cause of the Civil War between the North and the South. The South really needed the slaves to work on...
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...of becoming a world power. After two world wars, countries that had previously been colonized agitated for independence, and eventually colonial powers withdrew their administrators from Africa. For each African state, becoming independent meant something far more than simply gaining back territory. For some, it was the beginning of a stable government, a local economy and a cultural comeback. For others such as the Sudan, it was the start of tragic consequences driven by political conflicts and civil wars. Through the process of decolonization that began, African leaders worked to shape the character of their postcolonial state, usually either against the continued European cultural and political predominance, while others worked with European powers in order to maintain an economically and politically stable state. As the success of each nation and region of Africa widely varied after their independence, their progress also varied. Unfortunately, some are still struggling to overcome these crucial instabilities preventing them from being at peace within their own state, and internationally. By examining Sudan and the decades leading up to its current political, social, and economic state, this paper will highlight the ways in which colonialism has effectively shaped the state's current context. It will give an overview of the current conflict in the western region of Darfur within Sudan's political instability, civil wars, and crisis of identity. More specifically...
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...The Union War “Without an appreciation of why loyal citizens believed a Union that guaranteed democratic self-government was worth great sacrifice, no accurate understanding of the Civil War era was possible” (Gallagher). I agree with this statement by Gallagher because if it wasn’t for the decisions and executions of the Union I am not sure if I would be living in a democratic, free society today. In The Union War, Gallagher “offers a companion volume that extends his manifesto against hindsight, what Gallagher calls the ‘Appomattox syndrome,’ to histories of the Union” (Gallagher, 79). According to Gallagher, researchers who work backward from emancipation and Reconstruction have expanded northern devotion to race, slavery, and abolition while complicating loyal Americans’ major war aim, the Union. The above quote stated by Gary Gallagher is one of the main causes as to why the North won the Civil War because with the joining of citizens who wanted to fight for their democratic government, it gave the Union more soldiers that wanted to fight than the Confederates. They won the Civil War simply because they had more people. The North won the Civil War they were on the right side of human ethical issues. They had their best interest in helping the morals of humans and this alone helps citizens be able to trust the Union’s tendencies and this can also make a citizen loyal. The North clearly had more men to fight for them and there were more people that wanted to end slavery,...
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