...Political Movements in the 20th Century HUM/300 Political Movements in the 20th Century During the 20th century several major political events took place that changed the worldwide view of civilization and shook up the collective consciousness. World War I and II showed the dark side of technology when used to hurt humanity. Civil movements surged around the world as a result of minorities trying to regain their identity, which various governments throughout the world restricted. The authors will examine major political events that had a notable effect on the 20th century, including, the influences of World War I and II, the surge of the Civil Rights Movement, and the Gender Equality Movement. The author’s examination will consider the works of artists and how his or her creative expression reflected the mood of the era. Political Events: World War I and II World War I (WWI) started in 1914, and lasted through 1918. The political event that triggered this war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The war tactics employed in World War I changed the methods and strategies in future conflicts bringing more devastation. Some of the new strategies included trench warfare, chemical warfare, and upgraded technology; it introduced chemical weapons including chlorine and phosgene, which produced devastating damages. The exposure to high levels of these gases resulted in temporary blindness, difficulty...
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...FHP Draft When American schoolchildren are educated about Europe between the years 1936 through 1975, they are taught about the aftereffects of World War I and about World War II. Europe, in high school history classes, ceases to exist after 1945 and the close of World War II unless, of course, one is learning about the Cold War and the Berlin Wall may be mentioned. They do not learn, however, that World War II era Spain—because Spain was neither an ally or a foe during the war—went through enormous conflict of its own. The three-year Spanish Civil War and the fascist dictatorship that followed are largely kept out of the American history books. Yet, the world is privy to much of its legacy through literature, art, film, and personal memory. Spain certainly remembers three hellish years of war and thirty six years of repression under Generalisimo Fransisco Franco, but how is General Franco remembered by the rest of the world? What legacy did he leave internationally? 2 It is a confused and varied one: to those closest to him he was a husband, father, and statesman; to Hitler, he was an obstacle on the road to world domination; to the Jews who fled from Hitler he was a hero; but to the many Spanish minorities and to his opponents in the Spanish Civil War he was a monster. The answers to the questions posed are addressed in a variety of sources. One of these sources is the book Hitler Stopped by Franco, by...
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...INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CIVIL WAR IN EARLY FILM One Film To Rule Them All In 1915, the blockbuster film, The Birth of a Nation swept the nation. In a pivotal scene, the attractive daughter of a former slave owner, whose cotton business had been ruined by the war, is stalked by a menacing looking black soldier, named Gus. He is shown with his shirt wide open and bare-chested. Flora, the stereotypical southern belle, notices the voyeur and is visibly shaken. Flora tries to hide from Gus, but Gus corners her and tells her that he wants her and that he is not married. Since the end of the Civil War, Flora has noticed several black soldiers in the area in the past few months harassing her family and other upstanding families. Gus forces Flora closer and tries to kiss her. In a panic, Flora slaps him and pushes him away. Flora flees into the woods. The ensuing pursuit shows Gus as a sex-crazed maniacal troll chasing down the seemingly innocent virginal fairy. Gus follows her absorbedly intent on raping her. Flora winds up on a cliff overlooking a series of jagged rocks. She stares at Gus and motions for him to leave her alone. In a silent ultimatum, she gesticulates that if he doesn’t leave then she’ll leap from the cliff to the rocks below. Gus is exposed as a beast, sweating and pulsating lustful desires. He moves closer to Flora to stop her from leaping. Unwilling to give herself to a black man and death being the only alternative, Flora jumps from the...
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...Spanish History Through Film Final Paper 2/6/2015 Transition of Spanish Film During and After Franco Censorship It may not be clear in 2015 when traveling to Spain but this is a country that has had one of the most troubled histories and some argue that problems from it are still going on today. The largest problem that Spain has had to deal with from its past is the legacy of the Spanish Civil War and the Dictatorship of General Francisco Franco. The Spanish Civil was was fought between the Republicans who wanted more of a democratic state, and the Nationalists who favored Fascism. Because of the beliefs of the nationalists they drew much needed support from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy which gave them a large advantage. The war began in 1936 and concluded in 1939 with the victory by the nationalists and their leader Francisco Franco. Following the war Franco got rid of the republic system of government that was in place and instituted a dictatorship that he held until his death in 1975. While the civil war was over, there were still many citizens of Spain that did not support Franco and the dictatorship, but if they were to speak out against the regime there were harsh consequences that sometimes included death. One of the ways many people tried to express their rejection of the regime was through various art forms which included, literature, paintings and films. Since citizens could not overtly talk about the regime they were able to use symbols and metaphors...
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...Confederates reunion in New Orleans, 1903The Civil War is one of the central events in America's collective memory. There are innumerable statues, commemorations, books and archival collections. The memory includes the home front, military affairs, the treatment of soldiers, both living and dead, in the war's aftermath, depictions of the war in literature and art, evaluations of heroes and villains, and considerations of the moral and political lessons of the war.[247] The last theme includes moral evaluations of racism and slavery, heroism in combat and behind the lines, and the issues of democracy and minority rights, as well as the notion of an "Empire of Liberty" influencing the world.[248] Memory of the war in the white South crystallized in the myth of the "Lost Cause", which shaped regional identity and race relations for generations.[249] 150th anniversary2011 marked the 150th anniversary of the beginning of the American Civil War. Many in the American South attempted to incorporate both black history and white perspectives. A Harris Poll given in March 2011 suggested that Americans were still uniquely divided over the results and appropriate memorials to acknowledge the occasion.[250] While traditionally American films of the Civil War feature "brother versus brother" themes[251] film treatments of the war are evolving to include African American characters. Benard Simelton, president of the Alabama NAACP, said celebrating the Civil War is like celebrating the "Holocaust"....
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...Humanities 332: American Humanities Fall 2015 Professor Kim Codella PhD. Office Phone 916-691-7633 Office SOC #128 Office Hours MW 4:30PM-5:30PM TTH 4-5:30PM, online 11-12 pm Friday. codellk@crc.losrios.edu Required Text. The House made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday. This book is available in the bookstore for you and there is also a copy in the library for your use. In addition there will be weekly online readings in D2L. You must do the required reading to pass the class. Students must attend lectures and take notes. Participation, i.e., your attention is required. Course description: This course examines the arts and ideas taken from the American experience in the 20th century and today. Material covered includes literature, art, music, philosophy and history of the twentieth century. The course draws upon the arts of African American, Native American, Asian American, Anglo and Latino cultures as avenues for understanding issues of ethnicity, class and gender as they intersect with mainstream American values. Course presentation: Lecture, discussion, audio-visual materials and readings from the text, online, and material to be supplied by the instructor. In addition an extra-credit will be offered. Attendance: Required, a student missing more than 5.4 class hours may be dropped from the course (this is four class sessions). Because of the recent budget situation instructors are encouraged to drop students who are not attending class. Basic Rules: ...
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...When American schoolchildren are educated about Europe between the years 1936 through 1975, they are taught about the aftereffects of World War I and about World War II. Europe, in high school history classes, ceases to exist after 1945 and the close of World War II unless, of course, one is learning about the Cold War and the Berlin Wall may be mentioned. They do not learn, however, that World War II era Spain—because Spain was neither an ally or a foe during the war—went through enormous conflict of its own. The three-year Spanish Civil War and the fascist dictatorship that followed are largely kept out of the American history books. Yet, the world is privy to much of its legacy through literature, art, film, and personal memory. Spain certainly remembers three hellish years of war and thirty six years of repression under Generalisimo Fransisco Franco, but how is General Franco remembered by the rest of the world? What legacy did he leave internationally? 2 It is a confused and varied one: to those closest to him he was a husband, father, and statesman; to Hitler, he was an obstacle on the road to world domination; to the Jews who fled from Hitler he was a hero; but to the many Spanish minorities and to his opponents in the Spanish Civil War he was a monster. 3 The answers to the questions posed are addressed in a variety of sources. One of these sources is the book Hitler Stopped by Franco, by Jane and Burt Boyar, who write a relatively straightforward book that explores many...
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...Ms. Latasha Keith HUMN401-1305B-01: Literature and Film Professor Bonnie Ronson January 19, 2014 Unit 2 Individual Project – Canonical Classics of Literature Section 1- Introduction Ken Kesey’s novel “One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest” is set at an Oregon asylum in the 1950s (NovelGuide.com). The book is a study in the institutional process of the human mind, a critique of Behaviorism and a celebration of humanistic principles while exploring themes of individuality and rebellion against socially imposed repression (NovelGuide.com; SparkNotes.com; CliffsNotes.com). These themes and ideas were the topic of discussion during the publication of this novel because the world was introduced to communism and totalitarian regimes. The novel was published in 1962 and received with immediate success (SparkNotes.com). Section 2 – Biographical Information La Junta, Colorado is the birthplace of novelist Ken Kesey. He was born in 1935 and grew up on a small farm in Oregon and Colorado with his family. He married his high school sweetheart in 1956 and they had three children together (Lone Star College). He received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Oregon where he participated in wrestling and theater in 1957 (Lone Star College; SparkNotes.com). In 1959, Kesey enrolled in a creative writing program at Stanford University, the same year where he began volunteering with the Stanford Psychology Department (CliffsNotes.com; Lone Star College). The Stanford Psychology...
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...111 Eric Steineger, Instructor January 18, 2013 The Love Affair between Humans and War Mankind has the habit of glorifying war. Rather than a bloody, violent field of youth wasted, war is elevated to a divine status where the reason to fight erases the evil deeds man commit to survive. Despite the amazing honors and inspirational films, it is not only unavoidable but imperative that humans remember that “war is hell.” As Robert E. Lee allegedly inferred, if man were to forget the grueling aspects of war and “grow too fond of it” then mankind would partake in non-stop trivial violence. Drew Faust has developed her article based upon Robert E. Lee’s eloquent observation of human nature and expanded the topic to the general population’s increasing interest in war. Although war has not constantly been displayed to be a hobby of mankind, the population’s interest on the subject has never wavered. Publically, war has experienced many ups and downs in popularity such as when war became “back in fashion in Reagan-Bush America.” Privately, people have continually researched the dynamics of war. Civil War based literature grew exponentially and by the end of the twentieth century “more than 60,000 volumes of civil war history had appeared.” The Civil War became so apparent to mankind that it transgressed from factual to experiential interest with Ken Burns’s production of The Civil War in 1993. The debut of this series “attracted an audience of 14 million” and “by the end of...
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...Barbara Myers Dr. Hohehleitner ENG 3014 November 7, 2014 Annotated Bibliography Abate, Michelle Ann. Tomboys: A Literary And Cultural History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 4 Nov. 2014. In chapter 2 of this book, the author “discusses how Little Woman chronicles the civil war that is raging within its gender-bending female character over her participation in tomboyism.” The author discusses Alcott’s journals and her participation in the Civil War. Abate discusses how the Civil War is a metaphor for Jo March’s experiences in the novel, Little Women. Foote, Stephanie. "Resentful Little Women: Gender And Class Feeling In Louisa May Alcott." College Literature 32.1 (2005): 63-85. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 2 Nov. 2014. In this article, Foote examines class and gender in the novel Little Women. The first section in the article discusses anger and resentment. Details how the girls in the novel deal with gender, anger, and repression. The home is a safeguard for the March girls. The second section discusses the gender roles learned at home and the March girls going out into the world. The failures and successes, and how the roles in the family set their roles in society. Foote writes how Jo’s ambiguousness for society made it harder for her to become accepted in society, and as Meg’s love of the social graces gave her an open door for her future. Amy’s domestic life choices make her the first sister to...
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...The dictionary definition of the war is that two or more countries start fights by using force. Since human appeared on Earth, we never stopped to fight or to kill each other and other species. From primitive times to the Western Civilization, many countries or groups started wars to conquer and extend lands or slavery for making their groups more powerful and comfortable. The war became the only method to rationalize their invasion and victories. However, the definition of the war has changed slowly from 1800s to today. The war does not only involve physical fights between cross-borders, it also includes political and specific groups causing a civil war, a religious war, and a cyber war. Therefore, these changes make people having more excuses...
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...France Divided On Oct. 27, 7:00 p.m., I was present for a film review involving an aspect of the Holocaust that took place in France. The Film was comprised of individual interviews with survivors of the holocaust as well as noted historians with great knowledge of the deportation of Jews in France. The creators of this film are Doctors in their own right. The speaker this night, Dr. Angelini, collaborated with Dr. P. Barnett. Dr. Angelina has a PhD in twentieth century French Literature and is a language professor as well. This film can be taken in a historical context as well as in a context of language. As the lights dimmed and the film began, I couldn’t help but feel a sense of history. It was presented in a way that gave us the feel of the past. It was not in high-definition, but rather a kind of older film I remember watching in high school in the past. This film included very old clips of France during the deportation years, as well as prominent German officials such as Heinrich Himmler and Adolph Hitler. As well as clips from the past, the multiple interviews (which were shortened from two hours to roughly seven minutes) unmask the true story of Jews in France which had been covered up for nearly 40 years. The film gives us a first-hand account of the atrocities from people that were there. The overall theme from the “hidden children” is that the French Government and police were working hand-in-hand with the German Government to round up the Jews and deport...
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...1.5.3 Test (TS): Post Civil War America! ! ! Test! U.S. History since the Civil War Sem 1 (S2561969)! ! ! SU14-Alex Sanford! Points possible: 60! ! ! ! ! ! Unit Six Big Question: What were the social and political consequences of the Civil War? What factors led to the expansion of the United States during the period after the Civil War, and what were the effects of expansion?! Section 1: Short Answer Questions (30 points)! Write multi-sentence responses for the prompts below. Be specific and give examples from the history we have learned.! A. An amendment to the U.S. Constitution changes laws for the entire country. Three amendments changed laws especially for African Americans. Explain how each of the following amendments changed the law for African Americans. (10 points total)! ! a. Thirteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It freed all African Americans and prevented them from being forced to return to slavery.! ! ! b. Fourteenth Amendment (4 points)! ! ! ! c. Fifteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! ! The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. All African Americans were now counted for purposes of representation.! The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and...
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...Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and...
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...you? Normally the answer to that may be yes and perhaps rightfully so with the general disrespect it carries today. Now say you watched a civil war film. Would it offend you if a southern character in that movie said it? The likely answer is no: it’s in character, in context, and readily expected before it happens. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses this word hundreds of times, and that single word has raised more opponents and uproars than most, if not all, other books on our country’s High-School level reading list. The book was published in 1884, but takes place before the civil war, which started in 1861. Since it was placed on the reading list the book has made an uproar, mostly over claims that it is a racist book to the core. The critics of the book, that is the ones causing such uproar over the novel, seem to have either only read to the third chapter or only understood up to the third chapter. The book is as racist and pro-slavery as Abraham Lincoln was, should be found about as offensive if given the proper understanding, and has earned itself a well-deserved place in our schools. The time in which this book takes place is of paramount importance to the arguments for and against it, but seems mostly ignored in that perspective. The book, as previously said, takes place shortly prior to the Civil War and in the southern states of our country at the time. This, if nothing else, should be an early warning to all who read it to expect a certain...
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