...Type: E Title: Chapter 2e How did the geography of the Indian subcontinent influence the development of civilization there? The Geography of the Indian subcontinent, for sure, influenced the development of civilization. Agriculture was the main occupation for the most of the Indian population. Geography of the Indian subcontinent includes the climate and weather a country has. If there are a lot of floods and droughts it destroyed the harvest and it could cause a bad crop which decrease the supply and increases the prices of the grain all over the world. There are Himalayan Mountains on the Indian subcontinent territory, they divide India from Asia which prevent from enemies and any kind of immigration. When the snow melts on the Himalayan Mountains it provides a lot of water, which is needed for fertile soil. The northern mountains shield India from cold Artic winds, and make India a sub-tropical climate country. This makes the land mass much warmer than the ocean that surrounds it, prompting the development of the monsoons. Other words Himalayan Mountains protected people from the monsoons and created warm climate. Sailors in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean very fast figured how to use the monsoon wind to their advantage. Also there are 2 rivers on the Indian subcontinent (Ganges and Indus).The Ganges provides water for the crops and harvest, and not only that, the citizens could use it for transportation purposes as well, and the Indus river nourish the...
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...Jeremy Drummond History of World Civilizations Dr. Israel December 9, 2014 Horrible Aztecs or Hypocritical Spaniards? Since the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492, many other “explorers” sought to conquer the various native tribes and exploit the resources the Americas had to offer. When discovered by the European explorers, it was only a matter of time the not-so-great- Spanish conquistadors arrived with their plans to take over the Americas – even if it meant generating rumors and propaganda about how horrible the Aztecs were. The conquistadors would bring back reports to Europe saying the Aztecs were a brutal, human sacrificing cult who needed to be destroyed. While there is some archeological evidence to back up these claims, the Spanish strongly exaggerated the truth about such to coerce the Christians in Western Europe into thinking their invasion of the Americas was okay. Upon arriving in Mexico, Hernando Cortes, a famous Spanish Explorer who unbeknownst to many gave California its name, was an enslaver and murderer of not only the Aztecs, but his own people as well. “He was known to dismantle his own ships in an effort to force his followers had no choice but to follow him inland (Jaffee).”1 The sheer self-righteousness of he and his followers, none can fathom. At first, Cortes was mistakenly thought to be “Quetzalcoatl,” or the “bearded god of the Aztecs” because of his light skin and beard. On the contrary, Cortes is nothing close...
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...Early Civilizations Brittney Franzen There are many different reasons or forces that contributed to the make-up of cultural early civilizations. The first force would be the forces of nature and it is natural environment. The factors of this would be climates and seasonal changes. This is important force factor for early civilization because this force affected the people of the early civilization for clothing and food such as game and wild plants. These people were nomadic which means that they would follow the herds of game for their survival. The geographical features also were a major part of the early civilizations because they need to be able to protect themselves from others that may challenge them and their civilization. For example the people of Ancient Greece were in different city states and would challenge each other for territories for farming and other needed resources from the land. The mountains and seas were a major physical land features that would protect them from one and other. But this also in turn created different cultures and civilizations throughout Ancient Greece. So there were many different views that varied from group to group. An example of this would be social societies, religious views, structures, and civilizations altogether are different. The social society would be the government or rulers, merchants, slaves, and priests. The different social classes such as higher classes being the dictator, priests, or other people of the...
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...early civilizations; these forces also varied amongst different cultures quite naturally some forces being more influential than others. Customs, spiritual and religious beliefs that were often largely based upon population’s geographic, demographic, agriculture or available resources. Civilizations develop when the environment of a region can support a large and productive population (Sayre, 2010 p.2). These forces all contributed to the “makeup” of early civilizations, for example people in a geographic area not conducive to plentiful farming would be hunters and vice versa famers or gathers dictating their entire life style . Populations largely determined their cultural based on their means of survival and these forces and ultimately manifested them into customs, politics, laws, and an all-around societal structure. Social issues such as war and economic difficulties arose due to these forces of a civilization. Some of the main cultural influences were customs, spiritual, religious belief, laws, politics and societal structure as these behaviors were commonly passed done within a population from generation to generation. Culture is very important to a civilization, as it is the foundation of civilization. While Historical revisionism, can enlighten, bring new information and perspective forth, it can also alter or amend what we already know as history. This can cause apprehension of acceptance or confidence in any history we know...
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...The definition of a civilization according to Huntington is a cultural entity. It is the highest cultural grouping of people and the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. It is defined by common elements such as: language, history, religion, customs, institutions and the self identification of people. Civilizations may include a large number of people or a very small number of people. They may include several Nation States or only one. They can blend or overlap and even include sub civilizations. Huntington's definition of a civilization matches up well with what we have learned in class. Civilization's are complex and civilizations are dynamic. They rise and fall, and divide and merge. They have many characteristics which include: urban revolution, distinct religious culture, new political and military structures such as bureaucracy, new social structures based on political power, the development of writing and the development of war complexity in material sense. Huntington divided the world into seven other civilizations, Western, Latin American, Confucian, Japanese, Islamic, Hindu and Slavic-Orthodox. He said that Africa was only a possible civilization. Huntington said that “people's religious and cultural identities will be the main source of conflict in the post- cold war world” and there will be conflict between Western Civilizations and Islamic Civilizations because of seven main reasons...
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... Definition of Civilization When people in the community live peacefully, the level of development increases tremendously thereby civilization sets in. Before civilization came into existence, the early people lived off the land and were nomadic hunter-gatherers. With time, these hunters and groups of foragers started to settle down. There were strains on the nomadic people in that they had to find reliable sources of food for the animals that were large to feed. The exact meaning of “civilization” sometimes becomes hard to define since it can be ambiguous. It is easier for civilization to be described than it can be defined. According to Mazlish (5), civilization can be defined in many ways, but many scholars agree that when a society forms cities the result is that it becomes a civilization. Scholars define civilization as a set of attributes that certain societies possess, for example, agriculture, writing, monumental construction, government, mathematics among others. Emphasis is employed in the definition of civilization in terms of describing societies as being urbanized and hierarchical. Civilization is traced back to the Latin word “civilis” that has the meaning of “citizen” that means a member in a state that has a government or any sort of ruling in place. Civilization takes many forms that may include division of labor, surplus of food, and organization of governments and religion. Many people should be cognizant, and understand that civilization is regarded as...
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...Themes in U.S. and World History Task 1 Western Governors University Joon Park 2014/12/19 Task 1 A. Yellow River Valley and other early civilizations have many things in common. Hunting and gathering was not efficient enough to support a large population so they could start a civilization. All early civilizations relied on agriculture for their food source, and agriculture needs both a reliable water source and a fertile field. Yellow River Valley became an early civilization due to its geographic factor, the Yellow River. The Yellow River provided three major benefits for having agriculture based civilization: irrigation, a transportation route for trade, and a source of consumption. The Yellow River also flooded annually, creating a fertile field for crops. (Zhuang, Y., & Kidder, T. R). B. Yellow River Valley civilization flourished with the Yellow River and developed its own unique tea culture. The Yellow River got its name from the color of water it carries, which is rich in nutrients and discolors the water. The nutrients make the water great for farming but not for drinking, due to its strong earthy taste. Tea became a main trading commodity between ancient China and Tibet. Chinese caravans would carry tea from the southern part of China to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, to trade for horses (JenkinsMark, 2010). This route was called the Ancient Tea Route/Cha-ma-go-do, a literal translation is “Tea Horse High Road.” Buddhism from China...
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...early civilizations? There are several things that contributed to the cultural makeup of early civilizations. Some of the forces were geographical location, religion, the diet of the culture, and the availability of natural resources. Geography contributed because it was a determining factor in what the culture would do such as farming or hunting. Religion contributed to how the culture lived and the location helped to determine the religion, they would have a sun goddess or a rain goddess depending on the location. The diet of the culture was affected be whether they were hunters or farmers and the available animals and resources. What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? As cultures developed at different paces their level of intelligence evolved as well. The separation would then lead to cultures that had different beliefs and values and the fact that they had different opinions could cause problems between the different cultures. What were the main cultural influences on early civilizations? The need for food, clothing and housing were some of the main cultural influences on early civilization. The housing, food and clothes that they had depended on geography and their access to natural resources. Depending on where they were located they would grow crops or they might hunt. The food they could hunt or grow depended on the climate. From your perspective what are the pros and cons of revisionist history? Explain your response Revisionist history is the...
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...Clash of civilizations script What Huntington thinks * in his hypothesis he thinks that today’s world has actually come to a period where the age of ideology or economically has ended. * Instead he says that the primary source of conflict between nations and humankind will be cultural and religious. That nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations ad even groups of different civilizations * Huntington also suggested that the main reason of world politics tend to be conflict between western and non-western civilizations Why civilizations will clash * differences based on history, language, region, religion, tradition and culture are more fundamental and stable that other differences between people. And these fundamental differences are product of centuries so they will not disappear anytime soon * The world is becoming a ‘smaller’ place and as a result interactions across the world are increasing which intensifies ‘civilization consciousness’ and the awareness of differences between civilizations and commonalities within civilizations * Due to economic modernization and social change, people are separated from longstanding local identities. Instead, religion has replaced this gap, which provides a basis for identity and commitment that transcends national boundaries and unites civilizations. * The growth of civilization-consciousness is enhanced...
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...Debating History and Culture How does history help us understand the relationship between Muslim and non-Muslim societies today? The relationship between Muslim and non-Muslim societies today is a complicated one, and is deeply rooted in historical conflicts surrounding both cultural and religious difference. Huntington and Mottahedeh, scholars in the study of civilization anomalies, offer historical examples and descriptions that help to illuminate the relationship between two very distinct ideologies. It is helpful to first understand Huntington’s characterization of “civilization” as a cultural entity. He says that “It is defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people (1993)”. Today, Western, non-Muslim societies have had a noticeable impact on Muslim societies. Although Huntington claims that “western ideas of free markets often have little resonance in Islamic (culture) (1993)”, Mottahedeh challenges this idea by offering examples of at least six Islamic Middle Eastern countries with existing free market economies. Additionally, he provides insight regarding the traditionally anti-Islamist idea of the right of women to vote. Although Muslim conservatives who are proponents for the reintroduction of Islamic Law may not fully support enfranchisement of women, this element of Western colonialism has become too much of the “norm”. Therefore, there are currently...
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...Chinese culture China has about five thousand years history which is a long period of time. The Chinese civilization was growing with these periods of time and it will continues greater than ever. Many wars and unhappiness were happening during this period. Although, the time has passed, the histories and the civilizations have not passed. These family virtues, serious, working attitudes, sense of justice and the great Confucian tradition have been deeply assimilated into the Chinese people. Some Chinese traditions are different from Mongolian’s. The Chinese culture has many special characteristics which are very interesting for people to learn. The family life is very important for every Chinese. Chinese families are very close-knit. Children tend to stay with their parents even after they get married and have children of their own, so that you often see three or four generations living under the same roof, unlike other cultures where the kids that have grown up try to get as far away from the parents as possible. However, everyone is well organized within this compact family each member of the family help each other when there is any problem and they will suffer together. The family life is quite different from Western’s. Deeply rooted in Chinese culture is a system based on ethics, morals, hierarchy and behavior. In the Mongolian culture, a sincere thank you or a thank you note is an acceptable way to extend appreciation. However, in China, a more tangible form of thank...
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...The Development of Civilization Prepared for Mr. Bsharah By Chris Treadwell History B1 Spring 2013 Civilization is defined as; an advanced state of cultural and material development in human society, marked by political and social complexity and progress in the arts and sciences. This wasn’t achieved easily, nor was it an ever-progressing movement. More so it was the product of several trial and error advancements in various fields of human endeavor. The starting point for all this advancement is known as the Neolithic Revolution, also referred to as the agricultural revolution. This was the shift from a nomadic hunter-gatherer culture to a more settled agricultural lifestyle. The domestication of plants and animals was a major turning point in mankind’s evolution, but it took more than a millennia to transform from nomads to agrarians. Archeological data indicates that several different forms of plant and animal domestication evolved in separate locations worldwide. “The earliest Neolithic societies appeared in the Middle East about 8000 B.C.E., in China about 4000 B.C.E., and in India about 3600 B.C.E.” The first farming was largely grain based in fertile river-valleys with adequate climate and natural resources to sustain farming. Over time man began developing the where-with-all to change his surrounding environment to suit his needs even further. Certain crops were grown in areas according to availability geographically and ease of production rather than chosen...
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...Slavery is cruel, destructive. Against human rights. But it is also an extremely simple concept. It has endured the centuries, side by side with the human race. It is based on the principles of one specific race or ethnic group, being considered inferior to another and is therefore captured and used for labor. Our earliest civilizations have made huge profits of it. Look back in history and recall the Ancient Egyptian civilization, a huge fountain of knowledge, culture and religion for everything there is today. What comes in mind first when we hear: Egypt? Pyramids, Pharaos and instantly slaves. They were the ones who had built the pyramids, the great libraries of Alexandria and they were the country’s strongest workforce. Until the day Egypt crumbled under the might of the Roman Empire it was the most powerful and influential civilization on earth. Here I turn to Rome. Rome, a brilliantly shining metropolis of teaching, knowledge, arts, entertainment, wealth, power. Everything came together in Rome. But if we look back in time at the days where Rome was still an evolving community at the banks of the Tiber River, we see, what really made Rome. It wasn’t just the young and glorious Romulus, but a horde of Northern Italian barbarians who had been captured by his followers and were used to build houses or homes as slaves. And going forward again, we see that it wasn’t the glorious legionnaires that built the astonishing aqueducts, Coliseum, Circus Maximus, the great baths, the...
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...Clash Of civilisation The Clash of Civilizations (COC) is a hypothesis that people's cultural and religious identities will be the primary source of conflict in the post-Cold War world. It was proposed by political scientist Samuel P. Huntington in a 1992 lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, which was then developed in a 1993 Foreign Affairs article titled "The Clash of Civilizations? in response to his former student Francis Fukuyama's 1992 book, The End of History and the Last Man. Huntington later expanded his thesis in a 1996 book. Huntington began his thinking by surveying the diverse theories about the nature of global politics in the post-Cold War period. Some theorists and writers argued that human rights, liberal democracy, and capitalist free market economy had become the only remaining ideological alternative for nations in the post-Cold War world. Specifically, Francis Fukuyama argued that the world had reached the 'end of history' in a Hegelian sense. Huntington believed that while the age of ideology had ended, the world had only reverted to a normal state of affairs characterized by cultural conflict. In his thesis, he argued that the primary axis of conflict in the future will be along cultural and religious lines. As an extension, he posits that the concept of different civilizations, as the highest rank of cultural identity, will become increasingly useful in analyzing the potential for conflict. In the 1993 Foreign Affairs article, Huntington writes: ...
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...Western civilization dates back thousands of years as it relates to the development of various beliefs, cultures, perceptions, people, events and other related elements related to early history. Such elements help form the modern civilization we have adapted today. Western civilization is a broad term since there are so many useful and important aspects to learn about. With no doubt, Western Civilization was a useful and important concept coming into Hist 100. Many concepts derived from Egypt and other areas throughout Europe. Concepts such as Islam, Christian culture, expansion of Europe, scholastic culture, and even elements of the bible were developed during this time. One aspect that is an important part of how people live in modern times...
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