...Week 2 individual assignment October 27, 2011 CJA/204 In the following paragraphs choice theories will be described as well as how they specifically relate to crime. Common models on how society determines which acts are or are not criminal in nature and how they impact choice theories directly will also be made known in this paper. The first topic at hand is choice theories. What are choice theories? According to Wikipedia (2011) “the term choice theory is the work of William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Abraham Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, shelter, breathing, personal safety and others) and four fundamental psychological needs: Belonging/connecting/love, Power/significance/competence, Freedom/autonomy, and, Fun/learning” So in short it is safe to say that choice theories would be perspectives on crime causes states that criminal activities are the after thoughts of a conscious decision or choice. Choice theory is also known as rational choice theory. Rational choice theory is when a criminal feels the need to defy the law even though they know the consequences do not outweigh the benefit of doing so. Choice theory states that there is a central behavior to our existence and this is...
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...The Gender Gap Team A Lori Iles, Nathan Casteel, and Sami Toa SOC/100 October 06, 2011 Carla Bolden The Gender Gap “Of all the ways that one group has systematically mistreated another, none is more deeply rooted than the way men have subordinated women.” “All other discriminations pale by contrast.” (Wolf.1994) When Alan Wolfe penned these words, he was surely speaking about the atrocities that have occurred and continue to occur to women all over the world. Women have been beaten, raped, killed, mutilated, imprisoned, abused, enslaved, and forced to endure subhuman standards to claim dominance and control over them. Women have certainly bore the brunt of this power struggle with the opposite sex and have even been willing to die as the only means to their personal freedom. They are mothers, daughters, sisters, and grandmothers who united are the larger portion of society, yet are rarely acknowledged for their vital contributions. Much of their work goes unnoticed and unpaid. Despite international laws guaranteeing women the same rights as men, women around the world are denied their rights to land and property, financial resources, employment, and education, among others necessities. (weforum.org) Men hold the majority of power positions and decision power within the authorative sphere of public office. Often, the result of those decisions initiates policy that tends to reflect the needs and preferences of men, not women. Woman have an insufficient ratio of representation...
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...Jail and Prison Prison and jail are two very different entities, yet often “jail” is mistaken for “prison” and vice versa. Offenders who are sentenced to a year or more will be put in prison while offenders serving under one year will complete their sentence in jail. In prison, the offender had to have committed a crime to be placed there. Since people in jail are in and out in under a year, jails do not provide rehabilitation programs like prisons do. There are different types of prisons for various types of people while jails hold a mix of ill people, men, women, and juveniles. (University of Phoenix, 2011) As you can see, jail and prison are not the same. Like most states, Colorado has several prisons as well as city and county jails. One of the main prisons is the Colorado State Penitentiary. It can hold up to 756 offenders. This is where Colorado's most dangerous offenders are located. The Colorado State Penitentiary offers programs such as the Thinking for a Change and the Offender Mental Illness program. The Thinking for a Change program is meant to help with social skills, problem solving skills and focuses on changing behavior. The Offender Mental Illness program utilizes a behavioral management system and provides clinical treatment. ("Colorado Department Of Corrections", n.d.). The Douglas County jail can only hold 464 offenders. Unlike most jails, the Douglas County Jail does provide classes for inmates. They provide Thinking for a Change...
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...Jail and Prisons Student name: Class Name : Instructor Name: Date: Abstract: Through out this paper I will be discussing the types of prisons, as well as the differences between Jail and Prisons. I will also discussing Aspects about jail and prison culture and subculture. Next I will be talking about the role jails have a part in our criminal justice system. Then I will be discussing about how violent behavior among all those involved in the prison system from inmates to the staff and role of probation and parole. Types of prisons There are four types of prisons federal, state, municipal, and military. Federal prison is operated and managed by the government who normally house inmates who have been convicted of a crime in violation of a federal statue. State prisons are facilities operated by a state and used to house and rehabilitate criminals. State prisons have a minimum and maximum security prisons which are divided based on the severity of the crime. Municipal prison is a high security prison. Military prison is operated by the military and is used to house prisoners of war, enemy combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by the military or national authority and member of the military found guilty of a serious crime. (Department of Corrections WA State", 2012) Differences between jail and prisons: Although...
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...Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime Jason Bailey CJA/204 9/5/2014 Freddy Stansbury Juvenile Processing The process in which a juvenile enters the justice system is relatively simple. It starts with an arrest by a law enforcement official. Other ways it can start is by a referral from a parent of a minor. Even schools, victims of the juvenile, and probation officers can make referrals as well. There are several factors to consider when a case officer makes a decision as to whether or not to detain and charge them, release them, or in some cases place them in a youth welfare program. The officer must make a determination based upon facts of the case and also the recommendations of parents or legal guardians. About fifty percent of all juvenile cases are heard informally and usually dismissed unless the circumstances are rather extreme. When a juvenile is arrested and detained, they cannot be allowed to remain in an adult facility for longer than six hours. They must then be moved to a juvenile secure detention facility or released to their legal guardian. At this point the juvenile will be seen through an informal hearing. In which the judge can either dismiss the case or make some stipulations for the juvenile to complete before the case is dismissed. Some of those things include restitution, mandatory curfew, school attendance, and drug rehabilitation if the juvenile is caught using drugs. If the case goes beyond an informal hearing, then a formal hearing will be...
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...[pic] NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA EMBA PROJECT REPORT VFA-204 Relocation Study 10 March 08 By: LCDR Brandan Harris LCDR Mike Chenowith LT Joe Furco LT Charles Scarcello LT Jon Merritt LT Chris Harris LT Ryan Hill Senior Consultant: LCOL Bryan Hudgens THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK [Title] Executive Summary THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 8 A. iNTRODUCTION 8 B. Background 8 C. pROJECT oBJECTIVES 9 (1) Determine the financial costs of the relocation of VFA-204 to NAS Lemoore 9 (a) Cost of movement of materiel and personnel 9 (b) Cost, if any, of newly vacant NAS New Orleans spaces 9 (2) Determine the annualized cost savings, if any, of having VFA-204 at NAS Lemoore 9 (a) Savings from co-located adversary support 9 (b) Savings associated with Training and Readiness (T&R) 9 (c) Savings associated with maintenance 9 C. pROJECT Scope 9 D. mEthODOLOGY 10 1. Cost Data 10 a. Personnel 10 b. Materiel 10 2. Savings Data 10 a. Savings from co-location of adversaries with Lemoore squadrons 10 b. Savings associated with Training and Readiness (T&R) 10 ...
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...Jail and Prison Mary A. Webster CJA/204 November 9, 2014 MARY ELLEN DE FRIAS Jail and Prison There is a deference between jail and prison. The federal government is in charge of the prison system in the United States where local and state governments are in charge of jails. There is many different types of prisons, where there is only one type of jail. The United States has an issue of over crowed prisons and jails. This in turn has led to many different kinds of prison violence which has but both the inmates and the correctional offices in danger. Two of the ways the government use to reduce prison and jail populations are probation and parole. It is important that the government finds other a ways to reduce the populations of the jails and prisons. In the federal government, there is several deferent types of prisons such as federal prison camps, federal correctional institutions, low security facilities, medium security facilities, high security prisons and administrative maximum (ADMAX) facility. (University of Phoenix, 2014) (Schmalleger, F, 2011) Then there is state and local jails that house prisoners with a sentence that is typically a year or less. (Schmalleger, F, 2011) These jails are low security where prisons can be anywhere from low security to maximum security. In Martinsburg WV, there is the Eastern Regional Jail, and then only a few hours away there is a high security U.S. Penitentiary Known as USP Hazelton, which is located in Hazelton WV. ("The Eastern Regional...
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...Criminal Justice System Mackenzie CJA/204 November 15, 2014 Erica Veljic Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system has many parts that emphasize the importance of following and abiding the law. Crime is a large problem throughout the world and is attempted to be controlled by local and governmental officials. The parts of the criminal justice system are supposed to work as a “well-oiled machine” in receiving justice for crimes committed. Unfortunately it seems that although all agencies of the criminal justice system have the same goal, none work in sync to solidify criminal justice as a system. Crime According to The Free Dictionary Online (2014), crime is “a violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or a member of the public and a term in jail or prison, and/or a fine as possible penalties”. Crime is punishable by the legal sanctions. The relationship between crime and law is without the strict enforcement of the law crime cannot be prevented. The two most common models of how society determines a criminal act include consensus and conflict models. Through the consensus model, society shares the same morals even though communities are quite diverse. The crimes that violate this morally valued system are deemed harmful to society. The conflict model holds that because society is so diverse people are constantly engaged in a power struggle. Those within the dominate groups will codify their beliefs and values into hard law (Thomas, Cage, &...
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...Measuring Crime Paper Eric Benet CJA/204 April 12, 2013 Measuring Crime Paper Recidivism is where an individual has a habit of committing the same crime time and time again. According to (www.pewtrusts.org), “Recidivism is the act of reengaging in criminal offending despite having been punished. The prison recidivism rate—the subject of this report—is the proportion of persons released from prison that are rearrested, reconvicted or returned to custody within a specific time period. Typically, recidivism studies follow released offenders for three years following their release from prison or placement on probation.” Most of ex-prisoners often have a problem adapting to society after being incarcerated for a long period of time and often find themselves back in prison once again. In the United States of America, more than half of incarcerated men and women are re-incarcerated. This rise in re-incarceration has been increasing dramatically over the past couple of years which has the prisons too crowded. This leads to an unhealthy environment for prisoners with the gang activity and crime that goes on inside of the prison walls. With the way crime rates and recidivism rates are raising it is clear to see that America is getting worse as time goes on. If more prisons aren’t built, then we either have to start releasing prisoners or find another way to deal with this issue. According to (www.csmonitor.com), “In the past 20 years, for instance, the murder rate in the United...
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...Jail and Prison Paper Tara Frost CJA/204 June 15, 2015 Christopher Cannon Jail and Prison Paper Have you ever wondered about the types of prisons or the major differences between selected jails and selected prisons? Have you ever wondered about the aspects of jail and prison culture and subculture? Why do jails play an important role in the criminal justice system? What is the role of community-based corrections programs associated with jails and prisons? Did you know that violent behavior occurs in jails and prisons? Do you know what the role of probation and parole are? Well, this paper will answer all of those questions for you. By the end of this paper, you will understand a lot better about jail and prisons. Types of Prisons Prisons are grouped into two categories, which are state and federal (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 466). According to Schamelleger (2011), there are six types of prisons (p.468) One type of prison is high-security prison for long-term, high-risk offenders (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). There is one or more medium-security institution for offenders who are not high risks. There is even one institution for adult women (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). There are one or two institutions for young adults (generally under age 25) (Schamelleger, 2011, p. 468). According to Schamelleger (2011) there is also, one or two, specialized mental hospital-type security prisons for mentally ill prisoners (p.468). The last type of prison, is one or more, open-type institutions...
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...Jail and Prison Paper Ramsen Karaman CJA/204 When I think of the difference between Prisons and Jails, I think of short-term and long-term. Jails are most often managed by sheriffs and/or local governments and are designed to hold individuals waiting for trial or serving short sentences. Prisons are managed by state governments and the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and are for individuals convicted of crimes. Modesto Men's Jail located in downtown is the jail I'm familiar with. Not that I've ever been in trouble but its the only jail near the area. The Average inmate population is 376. The Men’s Jail receives approximately 1489 bookings (arrests) per month. which I think is crazy! I've heard that if you get booked for 6 months in jail, you only serve half the time if you're behaving well. I have actually visited this jail for a school field trip in High School. It was very interesting. I had to sigh a document that stated that if anything happened that it would be my responsibly. The inmate were not shy to talk, they constantly said "Don't get in trouble, its not worth it, the food here sucks." I thought that was funny because that's really what they're complaining about, FOOD!! They were dressed in all types of colors (orange, blue, white). I also remember seeing Scott Peterson's files in the office. He had a huge section just for his files. I was shocked, it was a interesting experience. The prison that I know is near by...
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...Measuring Crime Team D: Alfreda Simmons, Kelly Ashbrook, Lucas Burrington, and Kiavonni Jones CJA/204 Introduction to Criminal Justice December 8, 2014 Mary Ellen De Frias Measuring Crime The Department of Justice uses two types of programs to measure crime in the United States. The two types of programs are the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (URC) and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). Which both have valuable details about the crime problems that are going on in the world.Since both programs are used to do different things and methods, both do focus on different crimes and there aspect. The data that they produce together is used for comprehensive crime problems that are going on in the world. The UCR program is directed by the FBI and collects different data on crimes like, murders, no negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny theft motor vehicle theft, and arson. Which the law enforcers reports the crime and arrest data for other crimes categories. The data is updated on a monthly basis. The programs compare monthly reports and counts the crimes; it counts the world’s crimes as a whole. The National Crime Victimization Survey provides details and photos of the crimes and victims. It collects information on rapes, sexual assaults, person robberies, and simple assault home burglary, thefts and many other types of crimes. The NCVS collects information about the different crimes that have been...
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...Cybercrime CJA/204 September 21, 2012 Dave Harper Cybercrime Cybercrime/Traditional Crime Cybercrime is a crime that is done through computers it includes hacking, electronic money laundering and identity theft. Traditional crime is a form of crime that violates the law. The difference between cyber and traditional crime is that cybercrimes requires a computer and is used to make a profit. Hackers can get easy access to credit cards and bank account information. A traditional crime is hands on and includes robbery, rape and murder. Cybercrimes are also known as traditional crimes but through the use of a computer. True Cybercrime Case Saad Echuouafni was head of a satellite communication company is on the F.B.I most wanted list for skipping out of 750,000 bail to flee the country. He was indicted on August 25, 2004 by a grand jury Saad Echuouanfni hired hackers to take down his competitors. He successfully temporarily took down amazon.com and the Department of Homeland Security. This had been an ongoing investigation since 2003 when a large video recorder vendor in Los Angeles reported service attacks that halted his business for nearly two weeks. The damages were over two million dollars. Echuouafni was charged for defrauding the internet out of $1 million. Cybercrime effects many people this case affected...
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...Discussion Question Herijo Gonzalez CJA/204 October 22, 2011 Lexie Williams Discussion Question What are the different types of prisons? There are two types of prisons in the United States. The first one I will discuss is the state prison. State prisons are run by a state of the United States in which prisoners convicted of serious crimes. Most people sentenced to state prisons are convicted of violent crimes (50.5%), while property crimes (20.4%) and drug crimes (21.4%) are nearly tied as the second most common type of offenses for which offenders are imprisoned (Schmalleger, 2009). The other type is federal prison. Federal prisons house individuals who have been convicted of federal crimes. Imprisonment or incarceration on a federal level is managed by the Federal Bureau of Prisons. How does each type play a role in the overall criminal justice system? Although both types of prisons fall under the role of corrections in the criminal justice system there are differences in the two. State prisons house the majority of the prison population. Some may refer to prisoners in state correctional facilities as blue collar criminals, compared to federal prisoners who are referred as white collar criminals. How do the criteria of each type of prison affect sentencing? There are sentencing guidelines that are followed in court. The guidelines shift...
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...Role of prosecutor Augustine Delacruz CJA/204 March 19 2015 Mr.R Role of prosecutor The prosecutor role is to protect the rights of the public, attempting to ensure their safety from the wrongful actions of criminals. (University of Phoenix. 2015). The prosecutor is responsible for determining whether or not to charge a defendant with a crime, they also decide the scheduling of the cases, and offer and accept plea-bargaining’s. As a member of the legal profession, prosecutors are expected to abide by various standards of professional responsibilities such as those found in the American Bar Association (ABA) Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Schmallager,F. CH. 8 pg 315). A Prosecutor determines whether or not to pursue a case based on evidence. If there is enough evidence to pursue a case the prosecutor will take the case, if there isn’t enough evidence the prosecutor has the authority to dismiss the case altogether. The prosecutor has the authority to divert the suspect to a private or public social service agency, or make the suspect seek counseling. Not all cases should be prosecuted some cases are so minor that if we did prosecute all cases the more serious cases could get pushed back and it could take a long time before that case is seen or heard. There are also not enough prosecutors to handle every single case which could lead to an over losad of work and stress that individual out, which could cause flaws in the prosecution of a criminal which could lead to a...
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